User:Carcharoth/Article incubator/Political and military leadership during World War I
The political and military leadership of the combatant nations of World War I varied during the course of the war. The following lists give details of who led each country and its armed forces from the point at which each nation entered the war to when hostilities ceased (largely the period August 1914 to November 1918). In addition to this, the representatives and signatories for the various armistices and peace treaties are given, as well as notes on changes made to the command structures during the war, the differences in the systems of government and upheavals such as revolutions, and indications as to who held the real political and military power.
United Kingdom
edit- King George V (1914-1918)
- Prime Minister Herbert Asquith (1914-1916)
- Prime Minister David Lloyd George (1916-1918)
- Permutations of the War Cabinet and also the Imperial War Cabinet
- Army - Chief of the Imperial General Staff
- Navy - First Sea Lord
- RFC - air forces commander in the field
- RAF - Chief of the Air Staff
France
edit- President Raymond Poincaré (1914-1918)
- Premier René Viviani (1914-1915)
- Premier Aristide Briand (1915-1917)
- Premier Alexandre Ribot (1917)
- Premier Paul Painlevé (1917)
- Premier Georges Clemenceau (1917-1918)
- Supreme Allied Commander
- Ferdinand Foch (1918)
- Commander-in-chief
- Chief-of-staff
Russia
edit- Tsar Nicholas II (1914-1917)*
- Premier Ivan Goremykin (1914-1916)
- Premier Boris Stürmer (1916)
- Premier Alexander Trepov (1916-1917)
- Premier Nikolai Golitsyn (1917)
- Premier Georgy Lvov (1917)
- Premier Alexander Kerensky (1917-1918)
Italy
edit- King Victor Emmanuel III (1915-1918)
- Prime Minister Antonio Salandra (1915-1916)
- Prime Minister Paolo Boselli (1916-1917)
- Prime Minister Vittorio Emanuele Orlando (1917-1918)
United States
edit- President Woodrow Wilson (1917-1918)
- plus a Cabinet of seven Secretaries (1917-1918)
Germany
edit- Kaiser Wilhelm II (1914-1918)*
- Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg (1914-1917)
- Chancellor Georg Michaelis (1917)
- Chancellor Georg von Hertling (1917-1918)
- Chancellor Max von Baden (1918)
Austria-Hungary
edit- Emperor Franz Joseph I (1914-1916)†
- Emperor Karl I (1916-1918)
- Minister-President Karl von Stürgkh (1914-1916)‡
- Minister-President Ernst von Körber (1916)
- Minister-President Heinrich Clam-Martinic (1916-1917)
- Minister-President Ernst Seidler von Feuchtenegg (1917-1918)
- Minister-President Max Hussarek von Heinlein (1918)
- Minister-President Heinrich Lammasch (1918)
Turkey
edit- Sultan Mehmed V (1914-1918)†
- Sultan Mehmed VI (1918)
- Grand Vizier Said Halim (1914-1917)
- Grand Vizier Mehmed Talat (1917-1918)
- Grand Vizier Ahmed Izzet (1918)
Real political control before and during the war was held by the Three Pashas: Mehmed Talat, Ismail Enver, Ahmed Djemal (1914-1918)
Notes
edit* abdicated
† died
‡ assassinated