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Summary of known eruptions
Start Date^[1]	Years before 1950 (BP)	VEI^[1]	Lava volume (km³)^[2]	Tephra volume (km³)^[2]	Comment
2000 February 26, 2000	-	3	0.19	0.01	Eruption ended March 8, 2000^[1]
1991 January 17, 1991	-	3	0.15	0.02	Eruption ended March 11, 1991^[1]
1981 April 9, 1981	-	2	0.03^[3]	-	Eruption ended April 16, 1981^[1]
1980 August 17, 1980	-	3	0.12^[3]	0.06	Eruption ended August 20, 1980^[1]
1970 May 5, 1970		3	0.2	0.07	Eruption ended July 5, 1970^[1]
1947 March 29, 1947	3	4	0.8	0.18	Eruption ended April 21, 1948^[1]
1913 April 25, 1913	37	2	0.05	-	Eruption ended May 18, 1913^[1]
1878 February 27, 1878	72	2	0.2	-	Eruption ended April 1878^[1]
1845 September 2, 1845	96	4	0.63	0.23	Eruption ended about April 5, 1846^[1]
1776 April 5, 1776	174	4	1.3	0.4	Eruption ended in May 1768.^[1] Tephra composition is rhyolite to dacite (Icelandite).^[4]
17250 April 2, 1725	225	1	-	-
1693 February 13, 1693	257	4	-	0.3	Eruption ended about September 14, 1693^[1]
1636 May 8, 1636	314	3	-	0.18	Eruption ended in June 1637^[1]
1597 January 3, 1597	353	4		0.29	Eruption ended in or after June 1597^[1]
1554 May 1554	396	2	0.1	-	Eruption ended about June 1554
1510July 25, 1510	440	4	-	0.32
1389 December 1389	561	3	0.2	0.15	Eruption ended in 1390
1341 May 19, 1341	609	3	-	0.18
1300 July 11, 1300	650	4	0.5	0.5	Eruption ended in July 1301. Tephra composition is rhyolite to dacite (Icelandite).^[4]
1222 1222	728	2	-	0.04
1206 December 4, 1206	744	3	-	0.4	Dated using historical records.
1158 January 19, 1158	792	4	0.1	0.33
1104 October 15, 1104	846	5	0	2.0	Within 45 days of date. Tephra composition is rhyolite.^[4]
1050 1050 ± 500	900 ± 500	-	-	-
781 781 ± 2	1169 ± 2	-	-	-Greenland ice core^[5]
753 753 ± 2	1197 ± 2	-	-	-Greenland ice core^[5]
650650 ± 500	1300 ± 500	-	-	-
550 550 ± 1500	1400 ± 1500	-	-	-
350 350 ± 500	1600 ± 500	-	-	-
250 250 ± 1500	1700 ± 1500	-	-	-
-150 150 ± 2500 BCE	2100 ± 2500	-	-	-
-250 250 ± 500 BCE	2200 ± 500	-	-	-
-650 650 ± 2500 BCE	2600 ± 2500	-	-	-
-750 750 ± 500 BCE	2700 ± 500	-	-	-
-850 850 ± 80 BCE	2800 ± 80	-	-	-	H C dacite (Icelandite) tephra.^[4]
-1144 1144 ± 30 BCE	3094 ± 30	5	-	10	H 3 dacite, rhyolite tephra.^[4] Cal BP^[6]
-1150 1150 ± 1500 BCE	3100 ± 1500	-	-	-
-1250 1250 ± 1500 BCE	3200 ± 1500	-	-	-
-1350 1350 ± 2500 BCE	3300 ± 2500	-	-	-
-1550 1550 BCE	3500	4	-	-
-1650 1650 ± 2500 BCE	3600 ± 2500	-	-	-
-1750 1750 ± 500 BCE	3700 ± 500	-	-	-
-1850 1850 ± 2500 BCE	3800 ± 2500	-	-	2.0
-2375 2375 ± 8 BCE	4325 ± 8	5	-	10.0	H 4 rhyolite tephra.^[4]Ice core age used.^[6]
-2335 2335 ± 180 BCE	4285 ± 180	-	-	-	H 4270 alkali basalt tephra.^[4] Age corrected for H4 ice core age to maintain mean 10 year separation.^[6]
-2450 2450 ± 1500 BCE	4400 ± 1500	-	-	-
-2750 2750 ± 2500 BCE	4700 ± 2500	-	-	-
-2950 2950 ± 500 BCE	4900 ± 500	-	-	-
-3350 3350 ± 2500 BCE	5300 ± 2500	-	-	-
-3450 3450 ± 1500 BCE	5400 ± 1500	-	-	-
-3750 3750 ± 1500 BCE	5700 ± 1500	-	-	-
-3950 3950 ± 500 BCE	5900 ± 500	-	-	-
-4050 4050 ± 500 BCE	6000 ± 500	-	-	-
-4110 4110 ± 100 BCE	6060 ± 100	5	0	1
-4150 4150 ± 2500 BCE	6100 ± 2500	-	-	-
-4250 4250 ± 500 BCE	6200 ± 500	-	-	-
-4650 4650 ± 500 BCE	6600 ± 500	-	-	-
-4700 4700 BCE	6650	4	-	-	Date only constrained by before and after eruptions
-4750 4750 ± 2500 BCE	6700 ± 2500	-	-	-
-4950 4950 ± 2500 BCE	6900 ± 2500	-	-	-
-5050 5050 BCE	7000	-	-	-	Date only constrained by before and after eruptions
-5220 5220 BCE	7170 ± 70	5	-	3	H 5 basaltic to rhyolite tephra. Cal BP age used.^[6]
-5850 5850 ± 2500 BCE	7800 ± 2500	-	-	-
-8600 8600 ± 150 BCE	10550 ± 150	-	-	-	H 10550 alkali basalt tephra.^[4]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o Cite error: The named reference GVPHEH was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ ^a ^b "Catalogue of Icelandic Volcanoes:Catalogue of Icelandic Volcanoes:Hekla". Retrieved 30 June 2024.
^ ^a ^b Sonnentag, Kristín Þorsteinsdóttir (2024). Mass eruption rates in the explosive phase of the last five Hekla eruptions, comparison between observations and models (PDF) (Thesis). Faculty of Earth Science, University of Iceland. Retrieved 1 July 2024.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Harning, D.J.; Florian, C.R.; Geirsdóttir, Á.; Thordarson, T.; Miller, G.H.; Axford, Y.; Ólafsdóttir, S. (2024). "High-resolution Holocene record from Torfdalsvatn, north Iceland, reveals natural and anthropogenic impacts on terrestrial and aquatic environments". Climate of the Past Discussions: 1–41. doi:10.5194/cp-2024-26.
^ ^a ^b Gabriel, I.; Plunkett, G.; Abbott, P.M.; Behrens, M.; Burke, A.; Chellman, N.; Cook, E.; Fleitmann, D.; Hörhold, M.; Hutchison, W.; McConnell, J.R. (2024). "Decadal-to-centennial increases of volcanic aerosols from Iceland challenge the concept of a Medieval Quiet Period". Communications Earth & Environment. 5 (1): 194. Bibcode:2024ComEE...5..194G. doi:10.1038/s43247-024-01350-6.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Davies, S.M.; Albert, P.G.; Bourne, A.J.; Owen, S.; Svensson, A.; Bolton, M.S.; Cook, E.; Jensen, B.J.; Jones, G.; Ponomareva, V.V.; Suzuki, T. (2024). "Exploiting the Greenland volcanic ash repository to date caldera-forming eruptions and widespread isochrons during the Holocene". Quaternary Science Reviews. 334: 108707. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.108707.

[GVPHEH-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o Cite error: The named reference GVPHEH was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[CIV-2] "Catalogue of Icelandic Volcanoes:Catalogue of Icelandic Volcanoes:Hekla". Retrieved 30 June 2024.

[Sonnentag2024-3] Sonnentag, Kristín Þorsteinsdóttir (2024). Mass eruption rates in the explosive phase of the last five Hekla eruptions, comparison between observations and models (PDF) (Thesis). Faculty of Earth Science, University of Iceland. Retrieved 1 July 2024.

[Harning2024-4] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Harning, D.J.; Florian, C.R.; Geirsdóttir, Á.; Thordarson, T.; Miller, G.H.; Axford, Y.; Ólafsdóttir, S. (2024). "High-resolution Holocene record from Torfdalsvatn, north Iceland, reveals natural and anthropogenic impacts on terrestrial and aquatic environments". Climate of the Past Discussions: 1–41. doi:10.5194/cp-2024-26.

[Gabriel2024-5] Gabriel, I.; Plunkett, G.; Abbott, P.M.; Behrens, M.; Burke, A.; Chellman, N.; Cook, E.; Fleitmann, D.; Hörhold, M.; Hutchison, W.; McConnell, J.R. (2024). "Decadal-to-centennial increases of volcanic aerosols from Iceland challenge the concept of a Medieval Quiet Period". Communications Earth & Environment. 5 (1): 194. Bibcode:2024ComEE...5..194G. doi:10.1038/s43247-024-01350-6.

[Davis2024-6] Davies, S.M.; Albert, P.G.; Bourne, A.J.; Owen, S.; Svensson, A.; Bolton, M.S.; Cook, E.; Jensen, B.J.; Jones, G.; Ponomareva, V.V.; Suzuki, T. (2024). "Exploiting the Greenland volcanic ash repository to date caldera-forming eruptions and widespread isochrons during the Holocene". Quaternary Science Reviews. 334: 108707. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.108707.

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