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Unit operations

Chemical engineering unit operations consist of five classes:

  1. Fluid flow processes, including fluids transportation, filtration, solids fluidization etc.
  2. Heat transfer processes, including evaporation, condensation etc.
  3. Mass transfer processes, including gas absorption, distillation, extraction, adsorption, drying etc.
  4. Thermodynamic processes, including gas liquefaction, refrigeration etc.
  5. Mechanical processes, including solids transportation, crushing and pulverization, screening and sieving etc.^[1]

Chemical engineering unit operations also fall in the following categories: In chemistry and alchemy, filtration is the process of using a filter to mechanically separate a mixture. ... Heat transfer is the study of the energy transfer via either conduction, convection, or radiation. ... Evaporation is one of the two forms of vaporization. ... Condensation is the change in matter of a substance to a denser phase, such as gas (or vapor) to a liquid. ... Mass transfer is the phrase commonly used in engineering for physical processes that involve molecular and convective transport of atoms and molecules within physical systems. ... Strathisla whisky distillery in Keith, Scotland Distillation is a method of separation of substances based on differences in their vapor pressures. ... In chemistry, liquid-liquid extraction is a useful method to separate components (compounds) of a mixture. ... In (Chemistry) of a liquid or, most commonly, a gas (adsorbate) is its accumulation on the surface of a solid (adsorbent), forming a molecular film. ... Drying is a mass transfer process resulting in the removal of water from an object. ... It has been suggested that Refrigerator be merged into this article or section. ...

   * Combination (mixing)
   * Separation (distillation)
   * Reaction (chemical reaction)

Chemical engineering unit operations and chemical engineering unit processings form the main principles of all kinds of chemical industries and are the foundation of designs of chemical plants, factories, and equipment used. Audio mixing is used in sound recording, audio editing and sound systems to balance the relative volume and frequency content of a number of sound sources. ... Strathisla whisky distillery in Keith, Scotland Distillation is a method of separation of substances based on differences in their vapor pressures. ... A chemical reaction is a process that results in the interconversion of chemical substances [1]. The substance or substances initially involved in a chemical reaction are called reactants. ... Unit processing is the basic processing in chemical engineering. ... ______

unit operations [′yü·nət ‚äp·ə′rā·shənz] (chemical engineering) The basic physical operations of chemical engineering in a chemical process plant, that is, distillation, fluid transport, heat and mass transfer, evaporation, extraction, drying, crystallization, filtration, mixing, size separation, crushing and grinding, and conveying.^[2]

Unit operations

A structure of logic used for synthesizing and analyzing processing schemes in the chemical and allied industries, in which the basic underlying concept is that all processing schemes can be composed from and decomposed into a series of individual, or unit, steps. If a step involves a chemical change, it is called a unit process; if physical change, a unit operation. These unit operations cut across widely different processing applications, including the manufacture of chemicals, fuels, pharmaceuticals, pulp and paper, processed foods, and primary metals. The unit operations approach serves as a very powerful form of morphological analysis, which systematizes process design, and greatly reduces both the number of concepts that must be taught and the number of possibilities that should be considered in synthesizing a particular process.

Most unit operations are based mechanistically upon the fundamental transport processes of mass transfer, heat transfer, and fluid flow (momentum transfer). Unit operations based on fluid mechanics include fluid transport (such as pumping), mixing/ agitation, filtration, clarification, thickening or sedimentation, classification, and centrifugation. Operations based on heat transfer include heat exchange, condensation, evaporation, furnaces or kilns, drying, cooling towers, and freezing or thawing. Operations that are based on mass transfer include distillation, solvent extraction, leaching, absorption or desorption, adsorption, ion exchange, humidification or dehumidification, gaseous diffusion, crystallization, and thermal diffusion. Operations that are based on mechanical principles include screening, solids handling, size reduction, flotation, magnetic separation, and electrostatic precipitation. The study of transport phenomena provides a unifying and powerful basis for an understanding of the different unit operations. See Absorption, Centrifugation, Chemical engineering, Clarification, Cooling tower, Crystallization, Dehumidifier, Drying, Filtration, Flotation, Heat exchanger, Humidification, Kiln, Leaching, Magnetic separation methods, Mechanical separation techniques, Mixing, Pump, Pumping machinery, Sedimentation (industry), Solids pump, Solvent extraction, Unit processes ^[3]

Categories: Chemical engineering | Unit operations

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Reference

^ http://www.statemaster.com/encyclopedia/Unit-operation
^ McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific & Technical Terms, 6E, Copyright © 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
^ McGraw-Hill Concise Encyclopedia of Engineering. © 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
^ http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/unit+operations%7C"The Free Online Encyclopedia,"

</references>

[1] ttp://www.statemaster.com/encyclopedia/Unit-operation

[2] McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific & Technical Terms, 6E, Copyright © 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

[3] McGraw-Hill Concise Encyclopedia of Engineering. © 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

[4] ttp://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/unit+operations%7C"The Free Online Encyclopedia,"

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