User:Chugun/particles

Case particles

Case particles (격조사) classify a class or case of the phrase.

Nominative particles (주격조사)

• -이, -가

Nominative particles mark the phrase as a subject.

Predicative particle (서술격조사)

• -이다

Predicative particle is used only in the last of the sentence, to mark as a description like English verb be.

Accusative particles (목적격조사)

• -을, -를

Accusative particles mark the phrase as an object.

Complementary particles (보격조사)

• -이, -가

Although complementary particles use same letter with nominative particles, these particles used before Korean verbs 되다 (become) and 아니다 (be not) to mark the phrase as a complement.

Genitive particle (관형격조사)

• -의

Genitive particle marks the phrase as a prenoun phrase like English preposition of.

Adverbial particles (부사격조사)

• -에, -에서, -에게, -에게서, -한테, -보다, -으로, -로, -와, -과

Adverbial particles mark the phrase as an adverbial phrase. Contain dative, locative, instrumental cases.

Vocative particles (호격조사)

• -아, -야, -여, -이여, -시여

Vocative particles mark the phrase as a vocative case.

Connective particles

• -와, -과, -하고, -나, -이나, -랑, -이랑

Connective particles (접속조사) connect phrases.

Auxiliary particles

• -은, -는, -도, -만, -까지, -마저, -조차, -부터

Auxiliary particles (보조사) come after the word to add grammatical meaning.

Examples

Preceding syntactic element	Example sentence	Translation
-i/-ga 이/가	See nominative particles. -i 이 is used following a consonant, -ga 가 is used following a vowel.
Nouns (agent)	Naega masyeotda. 내가 마셨다.	I drank.
Nouns (identifier)	Jeogeosi han-gang-iya. 저것이 한강이야.	That is the Han River.
Nouns (specific nominative)	Chitaga neurida. 치타가 느리다.	This cheetah is slow.
-ida 이다	See predicative particles. Only used in the last of a sentence.
Nouns (predicative)	Jeogeoseun byeorida. 저것은 별이다.	That is a star.
-eul/-reul 을/를	See accusative particles. -eul 을 is used following a consonant, -reul 를 is used following a vowel.
Nouns (objective)	Naneun ramyeoneul meogeotda. 나는 라면을 먹었다.	I ate ramen.
Nouns (objective)	Cheolsuneun Soegogireul johahanda. 철수는 쇠고기를 좋아한다.	Cheolsu likes beef.
-i/-ga 이/가	See complementary particles. -i 이 is used following a consonant, -ga 가 is used following a vowel.
Nouns (complementary)	Naega seonsaengnimi doeeotda. 내가 선생님이 되었다.	I became a teacher.
Nouns (complementary)	Igeoseun uyuga anida. 이것은 우유가 아니다.	This is not milk.
-ui 의	See genitive particle.
Nouns (genitive)	Migugui daetongryeong 미국의 대통령	President of the United States