I hold a Doctorate of Law in intellectual property, an MBA in finance and a BA in economics. For most of my working career I worked in banking and corporate finance. While working as a financial consultant, I became aware of the problems that the small technology companies were having with respect to monetising the use of their intellectual property. Usually this involved a multinational technology company using their technology without their permission. The directors of the companies explained to me that there was little that they could do about it, since they had neither the financial or legal resources to pursue protracted litigation. Looking for information on this problem, I became aware of another problem which was dominating the discussion in the field of intellectual property law. That problem involved intellectual property owners using the threat of injunctive action to coerce those same multinational technology companies into paying excessive licensing rates. Instinctively I came to believe that these two problems generally referred to as “patent holdout” and “patent holdup” were related. In an effort to find a solution to these problems I undertook a Doctorate of Law at the University of Helsinki, which culminated in the successful defence of a Thesis titled "CORRELATED INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS; A FOUNDATIONAL SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEMS OF PATENT HOLDUP AND PATENT HOLDOUT"