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They Call the Wind Maria is an American popular song with lyrics written by Alan J. Lerner and music by Frederick Loewe for their 1951 Broadway musical, Paint Your Wagon, which is set in the California Gold Rush. Rufus Smith originally sang the song on Broadway, and Joseph Leader was the original singer in London's West End. It quickly became a "runaway hit", and during the Korean War, the song was among the "popular music listened to by the troops". Vaughan Monroe and his Orchestra recorded the song in 1951, and it was among the "popular hit singles at the record stores" that year. It has since become a standard, performed by many notable singers, such as Robert Goulet, who considered it "a personal favorite".

Critical reception

It has been called "the show's best known song" and "rousing but plaintive" Musicologist Stephen Citron wrote, "Perhaps the most unusual song in the score is a beautiful ballad of lonely prospectors hungering for their women, They Call the Wind Maria — not chauvinistic in this case, for each man is yearning for his own girl. Composer and conductor Lehman Engel wrote that the sing "has a cowboy flavor", and commented that "In the lyric, its folk quality is accentuated." Engel concluded that "Lerner has invented an interesting kind of narration". Princeton University historian Robert V. Wells wrote that it is "a sad and wistful song about being far from home" Theater historian Don B. Wilmeth called the song "haunting", and said that it evokes "emptiness".

Folk music revival

The song gained renewed popularity during the American folk music revival. In 1959, it was included on the Kingston Trio's first live album, ...from the Hungry i, which reached #2 on the Billboard Pop chart, and won a RIAA gold record in 1960. It was also included on the Smothers Brothers first album, The Songs and Comedy of the Smothers Brothers! Recorded at the Purple Onion, San Francisco, released in 1961. Other fork singers who performed the song included Josh White and Burl Ives. Musical historian John Bush Jones wrote that the song "so evokes the American West that during the folksinging craze of the later 1950s countless American thought They Call the Wind Maria was a folksong, not a show tune!"

The Smothers Brothers performed the song on their TV variety show, The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour, in 1968. The brothers jokingly introduced the song by arguing about whether it was an Israeli folk song or a Dutch folk song. Tommy Smothers concluded that the song had come from the Israeli section of Holland. He then told a story that the song had originated when a young couple were having a picnic beneath a windmill, when the girl got caught in a windmill blade, but said that she is OK now. They then performed the song straight.

1969 film version

The song was featured in the 1969 Hollywood film Paint Your Wagon, starring Lee Marvin, Clint Eastwood and Jean Seberg. In the film, the song was performed by Harve Presnell. The New York Times said that Presnell's role in the film "delivered the golden opportunity to sing the unforgettable ballad." Theater writer Thomas Hischak said that "in one of the films few pleasing moments, Harve Presnell gave full voice to They Call the Wind Maria and it was lovely to hear". Referring to Eastwood and Marvin, film reviewer Brian W. Fairbanks wrote that "Harve Presnell steals both stars thunder with a knockout version of the best song"

In a promotional tie-in with release of the film, recorded versions of the song were issued by seven singers and groups, including Presnell, Ed Ames, Burl Ives, Jim Nabors and the Baja Marimba Band. Several record labels participated.

Background and pronunciation of "Maria"

In George Rippey Stewart's 1941 novel Storm, he gives the storm which is the protagonist of his story the name "Maria". In 1947, Stewart wrote a new introduction for a reprint of the book, and discussed the pronunciation of "Maria": "The soft Spanish pronunciation is fine for some heroines, but our Maria here is too big for any man to embrace and much too boisterous." He went on to say, "So put the accent on the second syllable, and pronounce it 'rye'" (as in Ma-rye-a)."

The success of Stewart's novel was one factor that motivated U.S. military meteorologists to start the informal practice of giving women's names to storms in the Pacific during World War II, and the practice became official in 1945. In 1953, a similar system of using women's names was adopted for the North Atlantic, and that continued until 1979, when men's names were incorporated into the system. Although Stewart's novel is set in 1935, the novel and its impact on meteorology later inspired Lerner and Lowe to write a song for their play about the California gold rush, and like Stewart, they too gave a wind storm the name "Maria" which is pronounced "Mariah".

Mariah Carey

Mariah Carey was named after the song,which was a favorite of her mother, Patricia Hickey Carey, who chose a spelling to indicate the pronunciation. Her mother was a singer with the New York City Opera and a vocal coach. She discovered that she was pregnant in the fall of 1969, around the time that the movie version of Paint Your Wagon premiered. Mariah Carey was born on March 22, 1970, when songs from the movie were very popular.

Early in Carey's career, she began her show with a "taped overture" of the song.

Cover Versions

Notable performers who have performed the song include:

101 Strings Ed Ames Baja Marimba Band Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers The Browns Arthur Conley Sam Cooke Country Gentlemen Vic Damone Eddie Fisher Robert Goulet Burl Ives Michael Jackson Richard Kiley

Kingston Trio Frankie Laine Liza Minelli Vaughan Monroe and his Orchestra Jim Nabors P.J. Proby John Raitt Pernell Roberts Zoot Sims Smothers Brothers Bryn Terfel Josh White Earl Wrightson