User:DDG9912/Rumantsch Grischun grammar

Rumantsch Grischun is an attempted unified language of the Romansh language, of which not all municipalities in Grisons accept the unified variant. This page will discuss its grammar.

Verbs

Rumantsch Grischun verbs are conjugated for present, imperfect, and conditional tenses.

Conjugations

Rumantsch Grischun verbs are divided into 4 groups, according to their infinitive endings (-ar, -air, -er, and -ir).

			Conjugation types
Infinitive			I gidar 'to help'	II temair 'to fear'	III vender 'to sell'	IV partir 'to divide'
Gerund			gidond	temend	vendend	partind
Participle			gidà	temì	vendì	partì
Indicative	Present	jau ti el(la) nus vus el(la)s	gid gidas gida gidain gidais gidan	tem temas tema temain temais teman	vend vendas venda vendain vendais vendan	part partas parta partin partis partan
	Imperfect		gidava gidavas gidava gidavan gidavas gidavan	temeva temevas temeva temevan temevas temevan	vendeva vendevas vendeva vendevan vendevas vendevan	partiva partivas partiva partivan partivas partivan
Conditional			gidass gidassas gidass gidassan gidassas gidassan	temess temessas temess temessan temessas temessan	vendess vendessas vendess vendessan vendessas vendessan	partiss partissas partiss partissan partissas partissan
Subjunctive		che jau che ti ch'el che nus che vus ch'els	gidia gidias gidia gidian gidias gidian	temia temias temia temian temias temian	vendia vendias vendia vendian vendias vendian	partia partias partia partian partias partian
Imperative		ti vus	gida gidai	tema temai	venda vendai	parta parti

Additionally, some other verbs of 1st and 4th conjugation groups use the -esch- infix in their conjugations in certain forms:

			Conjugation types
Infinitive			I gratular 'to gratulate'	IV finir 'to finish'
Indicative	Present	jau ti el(la) nus vus el(la)s	gratulesch gratuleschas gratulescha gratulain gratulais gratuleschan	finesch fineschas finescha finin finis fineschan

Stress positions

The stress rules in Rumantsch Grischun verbs includes:

• Stress is placed on the stem in the forms described below:
  • Infinitive of the 3rd conjugation: vender 'to sell' [ˈvɛndər]
  • Present indicative forms except in 1pl and 2pl: gidas 'you help' [ˈdʑiːdɐs], but gidain 'we help' [dʑiˈdain]
  • All present subjunctive forms: gidia 'may I help' [ˈdʑiːdiɐ], gidian 'may we help' [ˈdʑiːdiɐn]
  • The 2sg imperative forms: gida! 'help!' [ˈdʑiːdɐ]
  • However, all endings on verbs infixed by -esch- are stressed on the endings: finescha! 'finish!' [fiˈnɛʃɐ]
• Otherwise, the stress is placed on the first syllable of endings: gidava 'I helped' [dʑiˈdaːvɐ]