User:Dave12en/Emigration from Africa

Article Draft

Countries of Origin[edit]

North Africa[edit]

Northern African nations are diverse in culture, religion, ethnicity, nationalism, and language due to their strategic locations for commerce and their commercial trades with Southern Africa, Europe, and the Arab Gulf. In the last decades, emigration from North Africa, particularly from Tunisia, Morocco, and Algeria to Europe, North America, and Arab countries increased dramatically due to colonization, socio-political insecurity, extended war, and a high unemployment rate.

The Maghreb (Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, Libya, and Mauritania) hasn't been the end line for Southern and Sub-Saharan migrants. While few travelers from other parts of the continent settled down permanently, most used the Maghreb as a transit and temporary workplace. Europe has been the destination of 87% of North African emigrants. In the last decades, the emigration pattern of women, men, and children from Africa fluctuated due to Western countries' policy changes and the overtaking of the Arab Gulf labor jobs by Southeast Asia workers. Emigration of North African people increased from 6.2 million to 9.3 million in 13 years from 2000 to 2013. Morocco-born residents in Europe doubled from 1993 to 2004. When Euro-Mediterranean countries suffered from an economic crisis in the 1970s, the governments of European nations modified their emigration law to limit legal and illegal emigration from Africa, but it failed. Since 1974, the emigration of women and children has increased remarkably as a consequence of Europe's emigration allowance for nuclear family reunification.

North African countries' locations on the global map

During the 2000s, North Africa had been receiving large numbers of Sub-Saharan African migrants "in transit", predominantly from West Africa, who plan to enter Europe. An annual 22,000 illegal migrants took the route from either Tunisia or Libya to Lampedusa in the 2000–2005 period. This figure decreased in 2006, but it has increased greatly as a result of the 2011 Tunisian revolution and the 2011 Libyan civil war.

(I added the first two paragraphs to improve, add, and clarify emigration from North Africa to Europe, changed the structure of the old statements, and added an image)

Sub-Saharan African residents

Sub-Saharan African residents in:

(I changed two tables' subheadings from "Sub-Saharan refugee arrivals in:" to Sub-Saharan residents in because the old subheadings were wrong and don't exist in the sources cited in the article)

Effects of emigration on Africa[edit]

Brain Drain[edit]

The phrase brain drain originated in the 1950s in Celtic, Britain, during the campaign to stop scholars' immigration to the USA, and since has been used to define the emigration of academics and businesspersons to developed countries. Millions of well-educated, intelligent, and wealthy African-born people emigrated to the West and the USA for various reasons, such as seeking high-income job opportunities, higher education, freedom, safety, and a happy life. In 2000, African-born doctors and nurses accounted for 65000 and 70000 healthcare workforces in developed countries, respectively. The migration of scholars to developed countries negatively impacts the economy and healthcare qualities of 48 African countries. The migration of physicians and nurses has resulted in a high HIV AIDS-related death rate, high child mortality rate, and poor health in Africa.

( I added all statements under the " Brain drain" sub-headings)

Talent drain[edit]

Especially sports talent.

      Benefits of emigration for Africa

People of African descent who reside in Europe, North America, and the Middle East provide for their families, assist in reconstructing their nations following civil wars, and promote geopolitical stability through financial support to local communities and households. Although a small portion of global remittances was sent to Africa, the remittance income climbed from 1.9 billion to 4.6 billion dollars between 1990 and 2000. In 2006, 1.6% of African GDP was generated from African diasporas. In 2008, Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) received 6.2% of worldwide remittances. Despite sending substantial money, African diasporas haven’t brought significant changes in African economic development.

African recipients of remittances between the 1990s and the 200s

• North Africa (NA) 72%

• West Africa 14%

• Southern Africa 8%

• East Africa 6%

• Central Africa less than 1%

  Factors that hinder remittances' effects on African development

• Corrupt administration

• Continental insecurity

• Limited business opportunities

• Absence of government support and encouragement

• Strict financial laws

( I created this heading and added new information)

Reasons for emigration[edit]

• Coloniality and underdevelopment
• Epistemic imbalance
• Conflict
• Depressed economies
• Climate change
• Unstable politics
• Poverty
• Ethno-religious conflicts
• Rapidly growing population

(I added four more reasons for emigration from Sub-Saharan Africa and sources for this statement)