| DavidAnstiss/Protothelenellaceae | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Baeomycetales |
| Family: | Protothelenellaceae Vezda, H. Mayrhofer & Poelt, 1985 [1][note 1] |
| Synonyms | |
|
Thrombiaceae Poelt & Vězda ex J.C. David & D. Hawksw., 1991 | |
The Protothelenellaceae are a family of lichenized fungi in the Ascomycota, class Baeomycetales.[3]
Protothelenella occupies a basal clade within the Ostropales (Resl et al. 2015) and further sampling may clarify its evolutionary ancestry.[4]
Classification
edit-redo for order-
The order Arctomiales was proposed by Soili Stenroos, Jolanta Miadlikowska, and François Lutzoni in 2014 to contain this family.[5] In 2018, the class Lecanoromycetes was revised using a temporal approach that uses time-calibrated chronograms to define temporal bands for comparable ranks for orders and families. In this work, the orders Arctomiales, Hymeneliales, and Trapeliales were synonymized with Baeomycetales.[2] In a subsequent review of the use of this method for biological classification of lichens, Robert Lücking considered this merge justified.[6] This synonymy was also accepted in later compilations of fungal classification, and Arctomiaceae is classified in the order Baeomycetales.[3][7]
We generated nuLSU and mtSSU rDNA sequences of members of seven families of pyrenocarpous lichens and used a Bayesian framework to infer a phylogenetic estimate.
Members of the perithecioid Protothelenellaceae, Thelenellaceae and Thrombiaceae surprisingly cluster within the mainly discocarpous Lecanoromycetes.[8]
It was placed in the Dothideomycetes class in 2008.[9]
Description
editThallus crustose, but sometimes poorly developed, or even absent. Ascomata intermediate in form between apothecial and perithecial, immersed, sometimes becoming erumpent, dark green to black, and opened by a broad pore. Widely distributed in northern temperate regions. Some species grow as saprobes on bark, while others are lichenised with green algae, rarely lichenicolous.[10]
Distribution
editIt has a subcosmopolitan distribution which means near cosmopolitanism, but with major gaps in the distribution - such as not found in Africa and most parts of Central and eastern Asia.[11] It has been found in Japan,[12] and New Zealand.[13]
It grows in habitats which include acidic rocks and soil, bryophytes and detritus, wood, or other lichens. No secondary chemicals are produced.[14]
Such as Protothelenella sphinctrinoides is a bryophilous lichen found in arctic-alpine to boreal-montane and circumpolar regions of the Northern Hemisphere. In Japan, specimens were found on the bryophytes such as (moss) Andreaea rupestris var. fauriei, (liverwort) Cephalozia otaruensis, (moss) Dicranum viride var. hakkodense and (liverworts) Jungermannia sp. growing on soil or rock in alpine areas.[12]
Genera
editAccording to "Wijayawardene et al. 2020", Protothelenellaceae contains;[3][7]
- Mycowinteria Sherwood (with 3 species)
- Protothelenella Räsenen (11 species)
- Thrombium Wallr. (5 species)
As accepted by Species Fungorum, Mycowinteria with 1 sp. Mycowinteria anodonta (Nyl.) Sherwood & Boise (1986), but placed in the Protothelenellaceae family.[15]
While genus Protothelenella with 6 spp. is placed in the Lichinaceae family,[16] and Thrombium – 14 spp. is placed in the Arthoniaceae family.[17]
Notes
editReferences
edit- ^ Mayrhofer, H.; Poelt, J. (1985). "Die Flechtengattung Microglaena sensu Zahlbruckner in Europa" [The lichen genus Microglaena sensu Zahlbruckner in Europe]. Herzogia (in German). 7 (1–2): 13–79.
- ^ a b Kraichak, Ekaphan; Huang, Jen-Pan; Nelsen, Matthew; Leavitt, Steven D.; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten (2018). "A revised classification of orders and families in the two major subclasses of Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota) based on a temporal approach". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 188 (3): 233–249. doi:10.1093/botlinnean/boy060.
- ^ a b c d Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8.
- ^ Cannon, Paul; Orange, Alan (2021). "Protothelenellaceae, including the genus Protothelenella" (PDF). Revisions of British and Irish Lichens. 7: 1-4. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Miadlikowska et al. 2014was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Lücking 2019was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Dai, D.Q.; Sánchez-García, M.; Goto, B.T.; Saxena, R.K.; et al. (2022). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021". Mycosphere. 13 (1): 53–453. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2.
- ^ Schmitt, Imke; Mueller, Gregory; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten (March–April 2005). "Ascoma morphology is homoplaseous and phylogenetically misleading in some pyrenocarpous lichens". Mycologia. 97 (2): 362-74. doi:10.3852/mycologia.97.2.362.
{{cite journal}}: Check|doi=value (help)CS1 maint: date format (link) - ^ Kirk, P.M.; Cannon, P.F.; Minter, D.W.; Stalpers, J.A. (2008). IndexFungorum Higher Classification.
- ^ Cannon & Kirk 2007, pp. 297–298.
- ^ "Protothelenellaceae". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
- ^ a b Ohmura, Yoshihito; Mayrhofer, Helmut (2016). "Protothelenella sphinctrinoides (Protothelenellaceae) New to Japan and New Chemical Features for Several Species in the Genus". Herzogia. 29 (1): 137–142. doi:10.13158/heia.29.1.2016.137.
- ^ "Protothelenellaceae Vězda, H. Mayrhofer & Poelt 1985 - Biota of NZ". biotanz.landcareresearch.co.nz. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
- ^ Jaklitsch et al. 2016, pp. 144–145.
- ^ "Species Fungorum - GSD Species". www.speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
- ^ "Species Fungorum - Search Page". www.speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
- ^ "Species Fungorum - Search Page". www.speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
Category:Baeomycetales Category:Lichen families Category:Lecanoromycetes families Category:Taxa described in 1991