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User:Don Lope/Sandbox Wimbledon

< User:Don Lope
A man, with a modern racket in his right hand and a tennis ball in his left hand, prepares to serve
American Pete Sampras won a record seven titles without the challenge round, from 1993 to 1995 and 1997 to 2000.

The Championships, Wimbledon is an annual tennis tournament created in 1877 and played on outdoor grass courts[a][1] at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club (AELTC) in the Wimbledon suburb of London, United Kingdom.[2] The Gentlemen's Singles was the first event contested in 1877.[3] Wimbledon is played in the last week of June and the first week of July, and has been chronologically the third of the four Grand Slam tournaments of the tennis season since 1987.[2] The event was not held from 1915 to 1918 because of World War I and again from 1940 to 1945 because of World War II.[4]

The Gentlemen's Singles' rules have undergone several changes since the first edition. From 1878 until 1921, the event started with a knockout phase, the All Comers' Singles, whose winner then faced the defending champion in a challenge round. The All Comers' winner was automatically awarded the title six times (1879, 1887, 1891, 1895, 1907, 1908) in the absence of the previous year's champion. The challenge round system was abolished with the 1922 edition.[5] Since the first championships, all matches have been played at the best-of-five sets. Between 1877 and 1883, the winner of the next game at five games – all took the set in every match except the All Comers' final, and the challenge round, which were won with six games and a two games advantage. All sets were decided in this advantage format from 1884 to 1970.[5] The lingering death best-of-12 points tie-break was introduced in 1971 for the first four sets, played at eight games – all until 1978 and at six games – all since 1979.[5][6][7]

Since 1949, the Gentlemen's Singles champion has received a miniature replica of the event's trophy, a silver-gilt cup created in 1887 with the engraved inscription: "The All England Lawn Tennis Club Single Handed Champion of the World".[8] New singles champions are traditionally elected honorary members of the AELTC by the club's committee.[b][9] In 2009, the Gentlemen's Singles winner received prize money of £850,000.[10]

William Renshaw (winner, 1881–1886, 1889) and Pete Sampras (winner, 1993–1995, 1997–2000) hold the all-time record for most titles in the Gentlemen's Singles, with seven victories each. Six of Renshaw's wins, however, came within the challenge round format, and he won the event only twice after going through a complete draw. Renshaw also holds the all-time record for most consecutive titles with six from 1881 to 1886. Without the challenge round, the record stands at five, and is co-held by Björn Borg (1976–1980) and Roger Federer (2003–2007).[4]

Champions

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Anthony Wilding was the first multiple-time champion from overseas.
 
Jean Borotra titled in 1924 and 1926.
 
'Musketeer' René Lacoste won in 1925 and 1928.
 
Henri Cochet won two of his three Wimbledon finals.
 
Jack Crawford won Wimbledon in 1933.
 
Lew Hoad won twice, in 1956 and 1957.
A man dressed in white, with shorts and a polo shirt, with a wooden racket in his left hand, bends his knees in front of a tennis net, on a grass court
Rod Laver took four titles at Wimbledon.
 
Jimmy Connors won two out of the six finals he played at Wimbledon.
 
John McEnroe took three singles titles at Wimbledon.
 
Boris Becker won three of the seven finals he reached.
 
Roger Federer won six Wimbledon championships.
Regular competition
All Comers' winner, Challenge round winner ‡
Defending champion, Challenge round winner †
All Comers' winner, no Challenge round ◊
No competition •
Year[c] Country Champion Country Runner-up Score in the final
1877   BRI[d] Spencer Gore   BRI William Marshall 6–1, 6–2, 6–4
1878   BRI Frank Hadow ‡   BRI Spencer Gore 7–5, 6–1, 9–7
1879   BRI John Hartley ◊   BRI Vere St. Leger Goold 6–2, 6–4, 6–2
1880   BRI John Hartley †   BRI Herbert Lawford 6–3, 6–2, 2–6, 6–3
1881   BRI William Renshaw ‡   BRI John Hartley 6–0, 6–1, 6–1
1882   BRI William Renshaw †   BRI Ernest Renshaw 6–1, 2–6, 4–6, 6–2, 6–2
1883   BRI William Renshaw †   BRI Ernest Renshaw 2–6, 6–3, 6–3, 4–6, 6–3
1884   BRI William Renshaw †   BRI Herbert Lawford 6–0, 6–4, 9–7
1885   BRI William Renshaw †   BRI Herbert Lawford 7–5, 6–2, 4–6, 7–5
1886   BRI William Renshaw †   BRI Herbert Lawford 6–0, 5–7, 6–3, 6–4
1887   BRI Herbert Lawford ◊   BRI Ernest Renshaw 1–6, 6–3, 3–6, 6–4, 6–4
1888   BRI Ernest Renshaw ‡   BRI Herbert Lawford 6–3, 7–5, 6–0
1889   BRI William Renshaw ‡   BRI Ernest Renshaw 6–4, 6–1, 3–6, 6–0
1890   BRI Willoughby Hamilton ‡   BRI William Renshaw 6–8, 6–2, 3–6, 6–1, 6–1
1891   BRI Wilfred Baddeley ◊   BRI Joshua Pim 6–4, 1–6, 7–5, 6–0
1892   BRI Wilfred Baddeley †   BRI Joshua Pim 4–6, 6–3, 6–3, 6–2
1893   BRI Joshua Pim ‡   BRI Wilfred Baddeley 3–6, 6–1, 6–3, 6–2
1894   BRI Joshua Pim †   BRI Wilfred Baddeley 10–8, 6–2, 8–6
1895   BRI Wilfred Baddeley ◊   BRI Wilberforce Eaves 4–6, 2–6, 8–6, 6–2, 6–3
1896   BRI Harold Mahony ‡   BRI Wilfred Baddeley 6–2, 6–8, 5–7, 8–6, 6–3
1897   BRI Reginald Doherty ‡   BRI Harold Mahony 6–4, 6–4, 6–3
1898   BRI Reginald Doherty †   BRI Lawrence Doherty 6–3, 6–3, 2–6, 5–7, 6–1
1899   BRI Reginald Doherty †   BRI Arthur Gore 1–6, 4–6, 6–3, 6–3, 6–3
1900   BRI Reginald Doherty †   BRI Sydney Smith 6–8, 6–3, 6–1, 6–2
1901   BRI Arthur Gore ‡   BRI Reginald Doherty 4–6, 7–5, 6–4, 6–4
1902   BRI Lawrence Doherty ‡   BRI Arthur Gore 6–4, 6–3, 3–6, 6–0
1903   BRI Lawrence Doherty †   BRI Frank Riseley 7–5, 6–3, 6–0
1904   BRI Lawrence Doherty †   BRI Frank Riseley 6–1, 7–5, 8–6
1905   BRI Lawrence Doherty †   AUS Norman Brookes 8–6, 6–2, 6–4
1906   BRI Lawrence Doherty †   BRI Frank Riseley 6–4, 4–6, 6–2, 6–3
1907   AUS Norman Brookes ◊   BRI Arthur Gore 6–4, 6–2, 6–2
1908   BRI Arthur Gore ◊   BRI Herbert Barrett 6–3, 6–2, 4–6, 3–6, 6–4
1909   BRI Arthur Gore †   BRI Josiah Ritchie 6–8, 1–6, 6–2, 6–2, 6–2
1910   NZL Anthony Wilding ‡   BRI Arthur Gore 6–4, 7–5, 4–6, 6–2
1911   NZL Anthony Wilding †   BRI Herbert Barrett 6–4, 4–6, 2–6, 6–2, retired[e]
1912   NZL Anthony Wilding †   BRI Arthur Gore 6–4, 6–4, 4–6, 6–4
1913   NZL Anthony Wilding †   USA Maurice McLoughlin 8–6, 6–3, 10–8
1914   AUS Norman Brookes ‡   NZL Anthony Wilding 6–4, 6–4, 7–5
1915 — None •[f] — — —
1916 — None • — — —
1917 — None • — — —
1918 — None • — — —
1919   AUS Gerald Patterson ‡   AUS Norman Brookes 6–3, 7–5, 6–2
1920   USA Bill Tilden ‡   AUS Gerald Patterson 2–6, 6–3, 6–2, 6–4
1921   USA Bill Tilden †   RSA Brian Norton 4–6, 2–6, 6–1, 6–0, 7–5
1922   AUS Gerald Patterson   BRI Randolph Lycett 6–3, 6–4, 6–2
1923   USA Bill Johnston   USA Francis Hunter 6–0, 6–3, 6–1
1924   FRA Jean Borotra   FRA René Lacoste 6–1, 3–6, 6–1, 3–6, 6–4
1925   FRA René Lacoste   FRA Jean Borotra 6–3, 6–3, 4–6, 8–6
1926   FRA Jean Borotra   USA Howard Kinsey 8–6, 6–1, 6–3
1927   FRA Henri Cochet   FRA Jean Borotra 4–6, 4–6, 6–3, 6–4, 7–5
1928   FRA René Lacoste   FRA Henri Cochet 6–1, 4–6, 6–4, 6–2
1929   FRA Henri Cochet   FRA Jean Borotra 6–4, 6–3, 6–4
1930   USA Bill Tilden   USA Wilmer Allison 6–3, 9–7, 6–4
1931   USA Sidney Wood   USA Frank Shields walkover[g]
1932   USA Ellsworth Vines   GBR Henry Austin 6–2, 6–2, 6–0
1933   AUS Jack Crawford   USA Ellsworth Vines 4–6, 11–9, 6–2, 2–6, 6–4
1934   GBR Fred Perry   AUS Jack Crawford 6–3, 6–0, 7–5
1935   GBR Fred Perry   GER Gottfried von Cramm 6–2, 6–4, 6–4
1936   GBR Fred Perry   GER Gottfried von Cramm 6–1, 6–1, 6–0
1937   USA Don Budge   GER Gottfried von Cramm 6–3, 6–4, 6–2
1938   USA Don Budge   GBR Henry Austin 6–1, 6–0, 6–3
1939   USA Bobby Riggs   USA Elwood Cooke 2–6, 8–6, 3–6, 6–3, 6–2
1940 — None •[h] — — —
1941 — None • — — —
1942 — None • — — —
1943 — None • — — —
1944 — None • — — —
1945 — None • — — —
1946   FRA Yvon Petra   AUS Geoff Brown 6–2, 6–4, 7–9, 5–7, 6–4
1947   USA Jack Kramer   USA Tom Brown 6–1, 6–3, 6–2
1948   USA Bob Falkenburg   AUS John Bromwich 7–5, 0–6, 6–2, 3–6, 7–5
1949   USA Ted Schroeder   TCH Jaroslav Drobný 3–6, 6–0, 6–3, 4–6, 6–4
1950   USA Budge Patty   AUS Frank Sedgman 6–1, 8–10, 6–2, 6–3
1951   USA Dick Savitt   AUS Ken McGregor 6–4, 6–4, 6–4
1952   AUS Frank Sedgman   EGY Jaroslav Drobný 4–6, 6–2, 6–3, 6–2
1953   USA Vic Seixas   DEN Kurt Nielsen 9–7, 6–3, 6–4
1954   EGY Jaroslav Drobný   AUS Ken Rosewall 13–11, 4–6, 6–2, 9–7
1955   USA Tony Trabert   DEN Kurt Nielsen 6–3, 7–5, 6–1
1956   AUS Lew Hoad   AUS Ken Rosewall 6–2, 4–6, 7–5, 6–4
1957   AUS Lew Hoad   AUS Ashley Cooper 6–2, 6–1, 6–2
1958   AUS Ashley Cooper   AUS Neale Fraser 3–6, 6–3, 6–4, 13–11
1959   USA[i] Alex Olmedo   AUS Rod Laver 6–4, 6–3, 6–4
1960   AUS Neale Fraser   AUS Rod Laver 6–4, 3–6, 9–7, 7–5
1961   AUS Rod Laver   USA Chuck McKinley 6–3, 6–1, 6–4
1962   AUS Rod Laver   AUS Martin Mulligan 6–2, 6–2, 6–1
1963   USA Chuck McKinley   AUS Fred Stolle 9–7, 6–1, 6–4
1964   AUS Roy Emerson   AUS Fred Stolle 6–4, 12–10, 4–6, 6–3
1965   AUS Roy Emerson   AUS Fred Stolle 6–2, 6–4, 6–4
1966   ESP Manuel Santana   USA Dennis Ralston 6–4, 11–9, 6–4
1967   AUS John Newcombe   FRG Wilhelm Bungert 6–3, 6–1, 6–1
1968   AUS Rod Laver[j]   AUS Tony Roche 6–3, 6–4, 6–2
1969   AUS Rod Laver   AUS John Newcombe 6–4, 5–7, 6–4, 6–4
1970   AUS John Newcombe   AUS Ken Rosewall 5–7, 6–3, 6–2, 3–6, 6–1
1971   AUS John Newcombe   USA Stan Smith 6–3, 5–7, 2–6, 6–4, 6–4
1972   USA Stan Smith   ROU Ilie Năstase 4–6, 6–3, 6–3, 4–6, 7–5
1973   TCH Jan Kodeš   URS Alex Metreveli 6–1, 9–8(7–5), 6–3
1974   USA Jimmy Connors   AUS Ken Rosewall 6–1, 6–1, 6–4
1975   USA Arthur Ashe   USA Jimmy Connors 6–1, 6–1, 5–7, 6–4
1976   SWE Björn Borg   ROU Ilie Năstase 6–4, 6–2, 9–7
1977   SWE Björn Borg   USA Jimmy Connors 3–6, 6–2, 6–1, 5–7, 6–4
1978   SWE Björn Borg   USA Jimmy Connors 6–2, 6–2, 6–3
1979   SWE Björn Borg   USA Roscoe Tanner 6–7(4–7), 6–1, 3–6, 6–3, 6–4
1980   SWE Björn Borg   USA John McEnroe 1–6, 7–5, 6–3, 6–7(16–18), 8–6
1981   USA John McEnroe   SWE Björn Borg 4–6, 7–6(7–1), 7–6(7–4), 6–4
1982   USA Jimmy Connors   USA John McEnroe 3–6, 6–3, 6–7(2–7), 7–6(7–5), 6–4
1983   USA John McEnroe   NZL Chris Lewis 6–2, 6–2, 6–2
1984   USA John McEnroe   USA Jimmy Connors 6–1, 6–1, 6–2
1985   FRG Boris Becker   USA Kevin Curren 6–3, 6–7(4–7), 7–6(7–3), 6–4
1986   FRG Boris Becker   TCH Ivan Lendl 6–4, 6–3, 7–5
1987   AUS Pat Cash   TCH Ivan Lendl 7–6(7–5), 6–2, 7–5
1988   SWE Stefan Edberg   FRG Boris Becker 4–6, 7–6(7–2), 6–4, 6–2
1989   FRG Boris Becker   SWE Stefan Edberg 6–0, 7–6(7–1), 6–4
1990   SWE Stefan Edberg   GER Boris Becker 6–2, 6–2, 3–6, 3–6, 6–4
1991   GER Michael Stich   GER Boris Becker 6–4, 7–6(7–4), 6–4
1992   USA Andre Agassi   CRO Goran Ivanišević 6–7(8–10), 6–4, 6–4, 1–6, 6–4
1993   USA Pete Sampras   USA Jim Courier 7–6(7–3), 7–6(8–6), 3–6, 6–3
1994   USA Pete Sampras   CRO Goran Ivanišević 7–6(7–2), 7–6(7–5), 6–0
1995   USA Pete Sampras   GER Boris Becker 6–7(5–7), 6–2, 6–4, 6–2
1996   NED Richard Krajicek   USA MaliVai Washington 6–3, 6–4, 6–3
1997   USA Pete Sampras   FRA Cédric Pioline 6–4, 6–2, 6–4
1998   USA Pete Sampras   CRO Goran Ivanišević 6–7(2–7), 7–6(11–9), 6–4, 3–6, 6–2
1999   USA Pete Sampras   USA Andre Agassi 6–3, 6–4, 7–5
2000   USA Pete Sampras   AUS Patrick Rafter 6–7(10–12), 7–6(7–5), 6–4, 6–2
2001   CRO Goran Ivanišević   AUS Patrick Rafter 6–3, 3–6, 6–3, 2–6, 9–7
2002   AUS Lleyton Hewitt   ARG David Nalbandian 6–1, 6–3, 6–2
2003    SUI Roger Federer   AUS Mark Philippoussis 7–6(7–5), 6–2, 7–6(7–3)
2004    SUI Roger Federer   USA Andy Roddick 4–6, 7–5, 7–6(7–3), 6–4
2005    SUI Roger Federer   USA Andy Roddick 6–2, 7–6(7–2), 6–4
2006    SUI Roger Federer   ESP Rafael Nadal 6–0, 7–6(7–5), 6–7(7–2), 6–3
2007    SUI Roger Federer   ESP Rafael Nadal 7–6(9–7), 4–6, 7–6(7–3), 2–6, 6–2
2008   ESP Rafael Nadal    SUI Roger Federer 6–4, 6–4, 6–7(5–7), 6–7(8–10), 9–7
2009    SUI Roger Federer   USA Andy Roddick 5–7, 7–6(8–6), 7–6(7–5), 3–6, 16–14

Statistical information

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The All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club's Centre Court has held all Gentlemen's Singles finals since 1922.[11]
 
The 2008 final, at four hours and forty-eight minutes, is the longest in Wimbledon's history.[12]
 
List of champions, as of 2008, in the Wimbledon Lawn Tennis Museum
 
The Gentlemen's Singles trophy (left), and the Ladies' Singles plate (right)

Multiple champions

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Title defended in the challenge round
Active player +
Player Amateur Era Open Era All-time Years
  William Renshaw (BRI) 7 0 7 1881, 1882, 1883, 1884, 1885, 1886, 1889
  Pete Sampras (USA) 0 7 7 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000
  Roger Federer (SUI) + 0 6 6 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009
  Björn Borg (SWE) 0 5 5 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980
  Lawrence Doherty (BRI) 5 0 5 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906
  Reginald Doherty (BRI) 4 0 4 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900
  Rod Laver (AUS) 2 2 4 1961, 1962, 1968, 1969
  Anthony Wilding (NZL) 4 0 4 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913
  Wilfred Baddeley (BRI) 3 0 3 1891, 1892, 1895
  Boris Becker (GER) 0 3 3 1985, 1986, 1989
  Arthur Gore (BRI) 3 0 3 1901, 1908, 1909
  John McEnroe (USA) 0 3 3 1981, 1983, 1984
  John Newcombe (AUS) 1 2 3 1967, 1970, 1971
  Fred Perry (GBR) 3 0 3 1934, 1935, 1936
  Bill Tilden (USA) 3 0 3 1920, 1921, 1930
  Jean Borotra (FRA) 2 0 2 1924, 1926
  Norman Brookes (AUS) 2 0 2 1907, 1914
  Don Budge (USA) 2 0 2 1937, 1938
  Henri Cochet (FRA) 2 0 2 1927, 1929
  Jimmy Connors (USA) 0 2 2 1974, 1982
  Stefan Edberg (SWE) 0 2 2 1988, 1990
  Roy Emerson (AUS) 2 0 2 1964, 1965
  John Hartley (BRI) 2 0 2 1879, 1880
  Lew Hoad (AUS) 2 0 2 1956, 1957
  René Lacoste (FRA) 2 0 2 1925, 1928
  Gerald Patterson (AUS) 2 0 2 1919, 1922
  Joshua Pim (BRI) 2 0 2 1893, 1894

Champions by country

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Former country ¤
Player Amateur Era Open Era All-time First title Last title
  United Kingdom (UK)[d][k] 35 0 35 1877 1936
  United States (USA) 18 15 33 1920 2000
  Australia (AUS) 15 6 21 1907 2002
  France (FRA) 7 0 7 1924 1946
  Sweden (SWE) 0 7 7 1976 1990
   Switzerland (SUI) 0 6 6 2003 2009
  Germany (GER)[l] 0 4 4 1985 1991
  New Zealand (NZL) 4 0 4 1910 1913
  Spain (ESP) 1 1 2 1966 2008
  Croatia (CRO) 0 1 1 2001 2001
  Czechoslovakia (TCH) ¤[m] 0 1 1 1973 1973
  Egypt (EGY) 1 0 1 1954 1954
  Netherlands (NED) 0 1 1 1996 1996

Notes

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References

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General
  • "Men's Singles Finals". wimbledon.org. IBM, All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club. Retrieved 2009-06-24.
  • "Grand Slam Tournaments - Wimbledon" (PDF). usta.com. United States Tennis Association. Retrieved 2009-07-01.
  • "Wimbledon-List of Wimbledon men's singles champions". ESPN.com. Reuters. 2009-07-05. Retrieved 2009-07-05.
Specific
  1. ^ "FAQ - Grass Courts" (PDF). wimbledon.org. IBM, All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club. Retrieved 2009-06-24.
  2. ^ a b "Tournament profile - Wimbledon". atpworldtour.com. Association of Tennis Professionals. Retrieved 2009-07-05.
  3. ^ a b "About Wimbledon - History: History". wimbledon.org. IBM, All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club. Retrieved 2009-06-24.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g "Men's Singles Finals". wimbledon.org. IBM, All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club. Retrieved 2009-06-24.
  5. ^ a b c Barrett, John (1986). 100 Wimbledon Championships: A Celebration. Collins Willow. ISBN 978-0-00218-220-1.
  6. ^ Roberts, John (1998-08-05). "Tennis: Fast, fan friendly - but full of faults". The Independent. Retrieved 2009-06-24.
  7. ^ "Breaking with tradition". The Age. The Age Company Ltd. 2004-01-25. Retrieved 2009-07-27.
  8. ^ "About Wimbledon - History: The trophies". wimbledon.org. IBM, All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club. Retrieved 2009-06-24.
  9. ^ "About Wimbledon - Behind the scenes: The All England Lawn Tennis Club". wimbledon.org. IBM, All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club. Retrieved 2009-06-24.
  10. ^ "2009 Prize Money" (PDF). wimbledon.org. IBM, All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club. Retrieved 2009-06-24.
  11. ^ "A Centre Court Celebration - The history of Centre Court". wimbledon.org. IBM, All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club. Retrieved 2009-07-15.
  12. ^ "Nadal outlasts Federer in epic final to halt streak at five". ESPN.com. Associated Press. 2008-97-06. Retrieved 2009-07-15. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  13. ^ Harman, Neil (2009-04-22). "No more soaked strawberries - Centre Court, Wimbledon, gets a roof". The Times. Times Newspapers Ltd. Retrieved 2009-07-19.
  14. ^ "Jolly snub for McEnroe; he's refused All-England". St. Petersburg Times. United Press International. 1981-07-10. Retrieved 2009-07-27.
  15. ^ Zenilman, Avi (2009-06-24). "Back Issues: McEnroe vs. Thatcher". The New Yorker. Condé Nast Publications. Retrieved 2009-07-27.
  16. ^ a b "History - Rolls of Honour: Country abbreviations". wimbledon.org. IBM, All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club. Retrieved 2009-07-17.
  17. ^ Myers, Arthur Wallis (1916). Captain Anthony Wilding. Hodder & Stoughton. ISBN 978-0548886885.
  18. ^ Henderson, Jon (2009-01-15). "Sidney Wood - First and only player to win Wimbledon on a walkover". The Guardian. Guardian Media Group. Retrieved 2009-07-15.
  19. ^ "Art Ashe, Graebner in Wimbledon Semis". The Spokesman-Review. 1968-07-03. Retrieved 2009-07-30.
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