User:Donald Trung/Hanoi under French rule/Infobox

Draft 20 (Bắc phần Việt Nam, PCG of Việt-Nam)

edit
City of Hanoi
Ville de Hanoï
Thành-phố Hà-Nội
城庯河內
1883–1945
1946–1954
Motto: Dîs lecta fortitudine prospera (Latin)
"The Gods picked the strength to be successful"
Great seal of the Tổng đốc of Hà Ninh:[a]
Hà Nội Ninh Bình Tổng đốc quan phòng
河內寧平總督關防
 
(1883–1896)
 
Hanoi in 1936 (Bảo Đại 10).
Status
Seat of governmentQuartier Européen
Official languagesFrench
Vietnamese
Classical Chinese[b]
Demonym(s)Hanoian[c]
GovernmentMunicipalité de première classe
Đốc lý Pháp[d] 
• 6 October 1885—5 September 1886
Léandre Salle Xavier (first)
• 1 October 1943—9 March 1945
Miguel Joaquim de Pereyra (last)
Thị trưởng 
• 1 January 1949—27 February 1949
Phan Xuân Đài (first)
• 8 August 1952—October 1954
Đỗ Quang Giai (last)
LegislatureMunicipal council (de jure)
Mayoral decree (de facto)
Historical eraNew Imperialism,
Cold War
25 August 1883
6 June 1884
• Direct rule established by decree by French President Sadi Carnot[1][2]
19 July 1888
• The Đồng Khánh Emperor officially cedes the cities of Hanoi, Hải Phòng, and Tourane (Đà Nẵng) to direct French rule
1–3 October 1888
• Hanoi becomes the capital city of French Indochina
1902
September 1940
• The Bảo Đại Emperor cedes land from the Hà Đông province to Hanoi
11 July 1942;
1 January 1943
9 March 1945
• Proclamation of independence of the Empire of Vietnam
11 March 1945
19 December 1946 – 18 February 1947
21 July 1954
Area
1942130 km2 (50 sq mi)
Population
• 1918
70,000[3]
• 1928
130,000[3]
• 1942
300,000[3]
CurrencyVietnamese cash
(1883—1945)
French Indochinese piastre
(1885—1953)
Japanese military yen
(1940–1945)
South Vietnamese đồng
(1953—1954)
Preceded by
Succeeded by
  1883:
Hanoi province
  1888:
Thọ Xương district
  Vĩnh Thuận district
  1899–1903:
Cầu Đơ province
  1942—43:
Hà Đông province
  1946:
Hanoi
1915:
Hoàn Long district
 
1945:
Hanoi
 
1954:
Hanoi
 
Today part ofHanoi, Vietnam
  1. ^ The Tổng đốc of Hà Ninh (Hanoi and Ninh Bình) was highest Nguyễn dynasty mandarin in Hanoi before the city was separated from the government of Đại Nam on 19 July 1888. However, Hanoi's Quartier indigène remained the capital city of the Hanoi province until 1896.
  2. ^ Classical Chinese was the main administrative language of the Nguyễn dynasty until it was gradually superseded by vernacular Vietnamese.
  3. ^ French: hanoien (masculine), hanoienne (feminine); Vietnamese: Người Hà Nội (𠊛河內); Classical Chinese: Hà Nội nhân (河內人).
  4. ^ Initially Hanoi was ruled by a Resident de France (公使, Công sứ), from 19 July 1888 the official title was Maire (總理, Đốc-lý).
  1. ^ Địa giới Hà Nội thời Pháp xâm lược, tạm chiếm Archived 2017-03-10 at the Wayback Machine, VietnamPlus, truy cập ngày 3 tháng 6 năm 2017.
  2. ^ Nguyễn Ngọc Tiến, Tỉnh Hà Nội và thành phố Hà Nội Archived 2017-12-01 at the Wayback Machine, Hà Nội mới, truy cập ngày 3 tháng 6 năm 2017.
  3. ^ a b c BTV: Đông Tỉnh NCCông (2011–2022). "577 HANOI IN THE FRENCH COLONIAL PERIOD. - HÀ NỘI NHỮNG NĂM 1875–1945" (in Vietnamese). HA NOI 360°. Retrieved 27 April 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date format (link)

Draft 19 (Only Maire)

edit
City of Hanoi
Ville de Hanoï
Thành-phố Hà-Nội
城庯河內
1883–1945
1946–1954
Motto: Dîs lecta fortitudine prospera (Latin)
"The Gods picked the strength to be successful"
Great seal of the Tổng đốc of Hà Ninh:[a]
Hà Nội Ninh Bình Tổng đốc quan phòng
河內寧平總督關防
 
(1883–1896)
 
Hanoi in 1936 (Bảo Đại 10).
StatusCapital of the French protectorate of Tonkin (1883–1945; 1946–1948)
Capital of French Indochina (1902–1945)
Capital of Bắc Việt, State of Vietnam (1949–1954)
Seat of governmentQuartier Européen
Official languagesFrench
Vietnamese
Classical Chinese[b]
Demonym(s)Hanoian[c]
GovernmentMunicipalité de première classe
Đốc lý Pháp[d] 
• 6 October 1885—5 September 1886
Léandre Salle Xavier (first)
• 1 October 1943—9 March 1945
Miguel Joaquim de Pereyra (last)
Thị trưởng 
• 1 January 1949—27 February 1949
Phan Xuân Đài (first)
• 8 August 1952—October 1954
Đỗ Quang Giai (last)
LegislatureMunicipal council (de jure)
Mayoral decree (de facto)
Historical eraNew Imperialism,
Cold War
25 August 1883
6 June 1884
• Direct rule established by decree by French President Sadi Carnot[1][2]
19 July 1888
• The Đồng Khánh Emperor officially cedes the cities of Hanoi, Hải Phòng, and Tourane (Đà Nẵng) to direct French rule
1–3 October 1888
• Hanoi becomes the capital city of French Indochina
1902
September 1940
• The Bảo Đại Emperor cedes land from the Hà Đông province to Hanoi
11 July 1942;
1 January 1943
9 March 1945
• Proclamation of independence of the Empire of Vietnam
11 March 1945
19 December 1946 – 18 February 1947
21 July 1954
Area
1942130 km2 (50 sq mi)
Population
• 1918
70,000[3]
• 1928
130,000[3]
• 1942
300,000[3]
CurrencyVietnamese cash
(1883—1945)
French Indochinese piastre
(1885—1953)
Japanese military yen
(1940–1945)
South Vietnamese đồng
(1953—1954)
Preceded by
Succeeded by
  1883:
Hanoi province
  1888:
Thọ Xương district
  Vĩnh Thuận district
  1899–1903:
Cầu Đơ province
  1942—43:
Hà Đông province
  1946:
Hanoi
1915:
Hoàn Long district
 
1945:
Hanoi
 
1954:
Hanoi
 
Today part ofHanoi, Vietnam
  1. ^ The Tổng đốc of Hà Ninh (Hanoi and Ninh Bình) was highest Nguyễn dynasty mandarin in Hanoi before the city was separated from the government of Đại Nam on 19 July 1888. However, Hanoi's Quartier indigène remained the capital city of the Hanoi province until 1896.
  2. ^ Classical Chinese was the main administrative language of the Nguyễn dynasty until it was gradually superseded by vernacular Vietnamese.
  3. ^ French: hanoien (masculine), hanoienne (feminine); Vietnamese Người Hà Nội (𠊛河內); Classical Chinese: Hà Nội nhân (河內人).
  4. ^ Initially Hanoi was ruled by a Resident de France (公使, Công sứ), from 19 July 1888 the official title was Maire (總理, Đốc-lý).
  1. ^ Địa giới Hà Nội thời Pháp xâm lược, tạm chiếm Archived 2017-03-10 at the Wayback Machine, VietnamPlus, truy cập ngày 3 tháng 6 năm 2017.
  2. ^ Nguyễn Ngọc Tiến, Tỉnh Hà Nội và thành phố Hà Nội Archived 2017-12-01 at the Wayback Machine, Hà Nội mới, truy cập ngày 3 tháng 6 năm 2017.
  3. ^ a b c BTV: Đông Tỉnh NCCông (2011–2022). "577 HANOI IN THE FRENCH COLONIAL PERIOD. - HÀ NỘI NHỮNG NĂM 1875–1945" (in Vietnamese). HA NOI 360°. Retrieved 27 April 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date format (link)

Draft 18 (Resident-Maire)

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City of Hanoi
Ville de Hanoï
Thành-phố Hà-Nội
城庯河內
1883–1945
1946–1954
Motto: Dîs lecta fortitudine prospera (Latin)
"The Gods picked the strength to be successful"
Great seal of the Tổng đốc of Hà Ninh:[a]
Hà Nội Ninh Bình Tổng đốc quan phòng
河內寧平總督關防
 
(1883–1896)
 
Hanoi in 1936 (Bảo Đại 10).
StatusCapital of the French protectorate of Tonkin (1883–1945; 1946–1948)
Capital of French Indochina (1902–1945)
Capital of Bắc Việt, State of Vietnam (1949–1954)
Seat of governmentQuartier Européen
Official languagesFrench
Vietnamese
Classical Chinese[b]
Demonym(s)Hanoian[c]
GovernmentMunicipalité de première classe
Đốc lý Pháp[d] 
• 6 October 1885—5 September 1886
Léandre Salle Xavier (first)
• 1 October 1943—9 March 1945
Miguel Joaquim de Pereyra (last)
Thị trưởng 
• 1 January 1949—27 February 1949
Phan Xuân Đài (first)
• 8 August 1952—October 1954
Đỗ Quang Giai (last)
LegislatureMunicipal council (de jure)
Mayoral decree (de facto)
Historical eraNew Imperialism,
Cold War
25 August 1883
6 June 1884
• Direct rule established by decree by French President Sadi Carnot[1][2]
19 July 1888
• The Đồng Khánh Emperor officially cedes the cities of Hanoi, Hải Phòng, and Tourane (Đà Nẵng) to direct French rule
1–3 October 1888
• Hanoi becomes the capital city of French Indochina
1902
September 1940
• The Bảo Đại Emperor cedes land from the Hà Đông province to Hanoi
11 July 1942;
1 January 1943
9 March 1945
• Proclamation of independence of the Empire of Vietnam
11 March 1945
19 December 1946 – 18 February 1947
21 July 1954
Area
1942130 km2 (50 sq mi)
Population
• 1918
70,000[3]
• 1928
130,000[3]
• 1942
300,000[3]
CurrencyVietnamese cash
(1883—1945)
French Indochinese piastre
(1885—1953)
Japanese military yen
(1940–1945)
South Vietnamese đồng
(1953—1954)
Preceded by
Succeeded by
  1883:
Hanoi province
  1888:
Thọ Xương district
  Vĩnh Thuận district
  1899–1903:
Cầu Đơ province
  1942—43:
Hà Đông province
  1946:
Hanoi
1915:
Hoàn Long district
 
1945:
Hanoi
 
1954:
Hanoi
 
Today part ofHanoi, Vietnam
  1. ^ The Tổng đốc of Hà Ninh (Hanoi and Ninh Bình) was highest Nguyễn dynasty mandarin in Hanoi before the city was separated from the government of Đại Nam on 19 July 1888. However, Hanoi's Quartier indigène remained the capital city of the Hanoi province until 1896.
  2. ^ Classical Chinese was the main administrative language of the Nguyễn dynasty until it was gradually superseded by vernacular Vietnamese.
  3. ^ French: hanoien (masculine), hanoienne (feminine); Vietnamese Người Hà Nội (𠊛河內); Classical Chinese: Hà Nội nhân (河內人).
  4. ^ Initially Hanoi was ruled by a Resident de France (公使, Công sứ), from 19 July 1888 the official title was Maire (總理, Đốc-lý), sometimes Resident-Maire (公使—總理, Công sứ-Đốc-lý) or Administrateur-Maire.
  1. ^ Địa giới Hà Nội thời Pháp xâm lược, tạm chiếm Archived 2017-03-10 at the Wayback Machine, VietnamPlus, truy cập ngày 3 tháng 6 năm 2017.
  2. ^ Nguyễn Ngọc Tiến, Tỉnh Hà Nội và thành phố Hà Nội Archived 2017-12-01 at the Wayback Machine, Hà Nội mới, truy cập ngày 3 tháng 6 năm 2017.
  3. ^ a b c BTV: Đông Tỉnh NCCông (2011–2022). "577 HANOI IN THE FRENCH COLONIAL PERIOD. - HÀ NỘI NHỮNG NĂM 1875–1945" (in Vietnamese). HA NOI 360°. Retrieved 27 April 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date format (link)

Draft 17,5 (Trying to fix the "Hà Nam Mistake" Part 2)

edit
City of Hanoi
Ville de Hanoï
Thành-phố Hà-Nội
城庯河內
1883–1945
1946–1954
Motto: Dîs lecta fortitudine prospera (Latin)
"The Gods picked the strength to be successful"
Great seal of the Tổng đốc of Hà Ninh:[a]
Hà Nội Ninh Bình Tổng đốc quan phòng
河內寧平總督關防
 
(1883–1896)
 
Hanoi in 1936 (Bảo Đại 10).
StatusCapital of the French protectorate of Tonkin (1883–1945; 1946–1948)
Capital of French Indochina (1902–1945)
Capital of Bắc Việt, State of Vietnam (1949–1954)
Seat of governmentQuartier Européen
Official languagesFrench
Vietnamese
Classical Chinese[b]
Demonym(s)Hanoian[c]
GovernmentMunicipalité de première classe
Đốc lý Pháp[d] 
• 6 October 1885—5 September 1886
Léandre Salle Xavier (first)
• 1 October 1943—9 March 1945
Miguel Joaquim de Pereyra (last)
Thị trưởng 
• 1 January 1949—27 February 1949
Phan Xuân Đài (first)
• 8 August 1952—October 1954
Đỗ Quang Giai (last)
LegislatureMunicipal council (de jure)
Mayoral decree (de facto)
Historical eraNew Imperialism,
Cold War
25 August 1883
6 June 1884
• Direct rule established by decree by French President Sadi Carnot[1][2]
19 July 1888
• The Đồng Khánh Emperor officially cedes the cities of Hanoi, Hải Phòng, and Tourane (Đà Nẵng) to direct French rule
1–3 October 1888
• Hanoi becomes the capital city of French Indochina
1902
September 1940
• The Bảo Đại Emperor cedes land from the Hà Đông province to Hanoi
11 July 1942;
1 January 1943
9 March 1945
• Proclamation of independence of the Empire of Vietnam
11 March 1945
19 December 1946 – 18 February 1947
21 July 1954
Area
1942130 km2 (50 sq mi)
Population
• 1918
70,000[3]
• 1928
130,000[3]
• 1942
300,000[3]
CurrencyVietnamese cash
(1883—1945)
French Indochinese piastre
(1885—1953)
Japanese military yen
(1940–1945)
South Vietnamese đồng
(1953—1954)
Preceded by
Succeeded by
  1883:
Hanoi province
  1888:
Thọ Xương district
  Vĩnh Thuận district
  1899–1903:
Cầu Đơ province
  1942—43:
Hà Đông province
  1946:
Hanoi
1915:
Hoàn Long district
 
1945:
Hanoi
 
1954:
Hanoi
 
Today part ofHanoi, Vietnam
  1. ^ The Tổng đốc of Hà Ninh (Hanoi and Ninh Bình) was highest Nguyễn dynasty mandarin in Hanoi before the city was separated from the government of Đại Nam on 19 July 1888. However, Hanoi's Quartier indigène remained the capital city of the Hanoi province until 1896.
  2. ^ Classical Chinese was the main administrative language of the Nguyễn dynasty until it was gradually superseded by vernacular Vietnamese.
  3. ^ French: hanoien (masculine), hanoienne (feminine); Vietnamese Người Hà Nội (𠊛河內); Classical Chinese: Hà Nội nhân (河內人).
  4. ^ Initially Hanoi was ruled by a Resident de France (公使, Công sứ), from 8 January 1877 the official title was Maire (總理, Đốc-lý).
  1. ^ Địa giới Hà Nội thời Pháp xâm lược, tạm chiếm Archived 2017-03-10 at the Wayback Machine, VietnamPlus, truy cập ngày 3 tháng 6 năm 2017.
  2. ^ Nguyễn Ngọc Tiến, Tỉnh Hà Nội và thành phố Hà Nội Archived 2017-12-01 at the Wayback Machine, Hà Nội mới, truy cập ngày 3 tháng 6 năm 2017.
  3. ^ a b c BTV: Đông Tỉnh NCCông (2011–2022). "577 HANOI IN THE FRENCH COLONIAL PERIOD. - HÀ NỘI NHỮNG NĂM 1875–1945" (in Vietnamese). HA NOI 360°. Retrieved 27 April 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date format (link)

Draft 17 (Trying to fix the "Hà Nam Mistake")

edit
City of Hanoi
Ville de Hanoï
Thành-phố Hà-Nội
城庯河內
1883–1945
1946–1954
Motto: Dîs lecta fortitudine prospera (Latin)
"The Gods picked the strength to be successful"
Great seal of the Tổng đốc of Hà Ninh:[a]
Hà Nội Ninh Bình Tổng đốc quan phòng
河內寧平總督關防
 
(1883–1896)
 
Hanoi in 1936 (Bảo Đại 10).
StatusCapital of the French protectorate of Tonkin (1883–1945; 1946–1948)
Capital of French Indochina (1902–1945)
Capital of Bắc Việt, State of Vietnam (1949–1954)
Seat of governmentQuartier Européen
Official languagesFrench
Vietnamese
Classical Chinese[b]
Demonym(s)Hanoian[c]
GovernmentMunicipalité de première classe
Đốc lý Pháp[d] 
• 6 October 1885—5 September 1886
Léandre Salle Xavier (first)
• 1 October 1943—9 March 1945
Miguel Joaquim de Pereyra (last)
Thị trưởng 
• 1 January 1949—27 February 1949
Phan Xuân Đài (first)
• 8 August 1952—October 1954
Đỗ Quang Giai (last)
LegislatureNone (rule by decree)
Historical eraNew Imperialism,
Cold War
25 August 1883
6 June 1884
• Direct rule established by decree by French President Sadi Carnot[1][2]
19 July 1888
• The Đồng Khánh Emperor officially cedes the cities of Hanoi, Hải Phòng, and Tourane (Đà Nẵng) to direct French rule
1–3 October 1888
• Hanoi becomes the capital city of French Indochina
1902
September 1940
• The Bảo Đại Emperor cedes land from the Hà Đông province to Hanoi
11 July 1942;
1 January 1943
9 March 1945
• Proclamation of independence of the Empire of Vietnam
11 March 1945
19 December 1946 – 18 February 1947
21 July 1954
Area
1942130 km2 (50 sq mi)
Population
• 1918
70,000[3]
• 1928
130,000[3]
• 1942
300,000[3]
CurrencyVietnamese cash
(1883—1945)
French Indochinese piastre
(1885—1953)
Japanese military yen
(1940–1945)
South Vietnamese đồng
(1953—1954)
Preceded by
Succeeded by
  1883:
Hanoi province
  1888:
Thọ Xương district
  Vĩnh Thuận district
  1899–1903:
Cầu Đơ province
  1942—43:
Hà Đông province
  1946:
Hanoi
1915:
Hoàn Long district
 
1945:
Hanoi
 
1954:
Hanoi
 
Today part ofHanoi, Vietnam
  1. ^ The Tổng đốc of Hà Ninh (Hanoi and Ninh Bình) was highest Nguyễn dynasty mandarin in Hanoi before the city was separated from the government of Đại Nam on 19 July 1888. However, Hanoi's Quartier indigène remained the capital city of the Hanoi province until 1896.
  2. ^ Classical Chinese was the main administrative language of the Nguyễn dynasty until it was gradually superseded by vernacular Vietnamese.
  3. ^ French: hanoien (masculine), hanoienne (feminine); Vietnamese Người Hà Nội (𠊛河內); Classical Chinese: Hà Nội nhân (河內人).
  4. ^ Initially Hanoi was ruled by a Resident de France (公使, Công sứ), from 8 January 1877 the official title was Maire (Viên đốc lý).
  1. ^ Địa giới Hà Nội thời Pháp xâm lược, tạm chiếm Archived 2017-03-10 at the Wayback Machine, VietnamPlus, truy cập ngày 3 tháng 6 năm 2017.
  2. ^ Nguyễn Ngọc Tiến, Tỉnh Hà Nội và thành phố Hà Nội Archived 2017-12-01 at the Wayback Machine, Hà Nội mới, truy cập ngày 3 tháng 6 năm 2017.
  3. ^ a b c BTV: Đông Tỉnh NCCông (2011–2022). "577 HANOI IN THE FRENCH COLONIAL PERIOD. - HÀ NỘI NHỮNG NĂM 1875–1945" (in Vietnamese). HA NOI 360°. Retrieved 27 April 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date format (link)

Draft 16 (Phan Xuân Đài as first State of Vietnam mayor)

edit
City of Hanoi
Ville de Hanoï
Thành-phố Hà-Nội
城庯河內
1883–1945
1946–1954
Motto: Dîs lecta fortitudine prospera (Latin)
"The Gods picked the strength to be successful"
Great seal of the Tổng đốc of Hà Ninh:[a]
Hà Nội Ninh Bình Tổng đốc quan phòng
河內寧平總督關防
 
(1883–1896)
 
Hanoi in 1936 (Bảo Đại 10).
StatusCapital of the French protectorate of Tonkin (1883–1945; 1946–1948)
Capital of French Indochina (1902–1945)
Capital of Bắc Việt, State of Vietnam (1949–1954)
Seat of governmentQuartier Européen
Official languagesFrench
Vietnamese
Classical Chinese[b]
Demonym(s)Hanoian[c]
GovernmentMunicipalité de première classe
Đốc lý Pháp[d] 
• 6 October 1885—5 September 1886
Léandre Salle Xavier (first)
• 1 October 1943—9 March 1945
Miguel Joaquim de Pereyra (last)
Thị trưởng 
• 1 January 1949—27 February 1949
Phan Xuân Đài (first)
• 8 August 1952—October 1954
Đỗ Quang Giai (last)
LegislatureNone (rule by decree)
Historical eraNew Imperialism,
Cold War
25 August 1883
6 June 1884
• The Đồng Khánh Emperor cedes the cities of Hanoi, Hải Phòng, and Tourane (Đà Nẵng) to direct French rule
1–3 October 1888
• The Thành Thái Emperor cedes land from the Cầu Đơ and Hà Nam provinces to Hanoi
December 1899–1903
• Hanoi becomes the capital city of French Indochina
1902
September 1940
• The Bảo Đại Emperor cedes land from the Hà Đông province to Hanoi
11 July 1942;
1 January 1943
9 March 1945
• Proclamation of independence of the Empire of Vietnam
11 March 1945
19 December 1946 – 18 February 1947
21 July 1954
Area
1942130 km2 (50 sq mi)
Population
• 1918
70,000[1]
• 1928
130,000[1]
• 1942
300,000[1]
CurrencyVietnamese cash
(1883—1945)
French Indochinese piastre
(1885—1953)
Japanese military yen
(1940–1945)
South Vietnamese đồng
(1953—1954)
Preceded by
Succeeded by
  1883:
Hanoi province
  1899–1903:
Hà Nam province
  Cầu Đơ province
  1942—43:
Hà Đông province
  1946:
Hanoi
1945:
Hanoi
 
1954:
Hanoi
 
Today part ofHanoi, Vietnam
  1. ^ The Tổng đốc of Hà Ninh (Hanoi and Ninh Bình) was highest Nguyễn dynasty mandarin in Hanoi before the city was separated from the government of Đại Nam on 19 July 1888. However, Hanoi's Quartier indigène remained the capital city of the Hanoi province until 1896.
  2. ^ Classical Chinese was the main administrative language of the Nguyễn dynasty until it was gradually superseded by vernacular Vietnamese.
  3. ^ French: hanoien (masculine), hanoienne (feminine); Vietnamese Người Hà Nội (𠊛河內); Classical Chinese: Hà Nội nhân (河內人).
  4. ^ Initially Hanoi was ruled by a Resident de France (公使, Công sứ), from 8 January 1877 the official title was Maire (Viên đốc lý).
  1. ^ a b c BTV: Đông Tỉnh NCCông (2011–2022). "577 HANOI IN THE FRENCH COLONIAL PERIOD. - HÀ NỘI NHỮNG NĂM 1875–1945" (in Vietnamese). HA NOI 360°. Retrieved 27 April 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date format (link)

Draft 15 (Population and area figures)

edit
City of Hanoi
Ville de Hanoï
Thành-phố Hà-Nội
城庯河內
1883–1945
1946–1954
Motto: Dîs lecta fortitudine prospera (Latin)
"The Gods picked the strength to be successful"
Great seal of the Tổng đốc of Hà Ninh:[a]
Hà Nội Ninh Bình Tổng đốc quan phòng
河內寧平總督關防
 
(1883–1896)
 
Hanoi in 1936 (Bảo Đại 10).
StatusCapital of the French protectorate of Tonkin (1883–1945; 1946–1948)
Capital of French Indochina (1902–1945)
Capital of Bắc Việt, State of Vietnam (1949–1954)
Seat of governmentQuartier Européen
Official languagesFrench
Vietnamese
Classical Chinese[b]
Demonym(s)Hanoian[c]
GovernmentMunicipalité de première classe
Đốc lý Pháp[d] 
• 6 October 1885—5 September 1886
Léandre Salle Xavier (first)
• 1 October 1943—9 March 1945
Miguel Joaquim de Pereyra (last)
Thị trưởng 
• January 1949—27 February 1949 10 March 1948—December 1948
Bùi Văn Quý (first)
• 8 August 1952—October 1954
Đỗ Quang Giai (last)
LegislatureNone (rule by decree)
Historical eraNew Imperialism,
Cold War
25 August 1883
6 June 1884
• Direct rule established over Hanoi, Hải Phòng, and Tourane (Đà Nẵng)
3 October 1888
• The Đồng Khánh Emperor cedes land from the Cầu Đơ and Hà Nam provinces to Hanoi
July–August 1899
• Hanoi becomes the capital city of French Indochina
1902
September 1940
• The Bảo Đại Emperor cedes land from the Hà Đông province to Hanoi
11 July 1942;
1 January 1943
9 March 1945
• Proclamation of independence of the Empire of Vietnam
11 March 1945
19 December 1946 – 18 February 1947
21 July 1954
Area
1942130 km2 (50 sq mi)
Population
• 1918
70,000[1]
• 1928
130,000[1]
• 1942
300,000[1]
CurrencyVietnamese cash
(1883—1945)
French Indochinese piastre
(1885—1953)
Japanese military yen
(1940–1945)
South Vietnamese đồng
(1953—1954)
Preceded by
Succeeded by
  1883:
Hanoi province
  1888:
Hà Nam province
  Cầu Đơ province
  1942—43:
Hà Đông province
  1946:
Hanoi
1945:
Hanoi
 
1954:
Hanoi
 
Today part ofHanoi, Vietnam
  1. ^ The Tổng đốc of Hà Ninh (Hanoi and Ninh Bình) was highest Nguyễn dynasty mandarin in Hanoi before the city was separated from the government of Đại Nam on 19 July 1888. However, Hanoi's Quartier indigène remained the capital city of the Hanoi province until 1896.
  2. ^ Classical Chinese was the main administrative language of the Nguyễn dynasty until it was gradually superseded by vernacular Vietnamese.
  3. ^ French: hanoien (masculine), hanoienne (feminine); Vietnamese Người Hà Nội (𠊛河內); Classical Chinese: Hà Nội nhân (河內人).
  4. ^ Initially Hanoi was ruled by a Resident de France (公使, Công sứ), from 8 January 1877 the official title was Maire (Viên đốc lý).
  1. ^ a b c BTV: Đông Tỉnh NCCông (2011–2022). "577 HANOI IN THE FRENCH COLONIAL PERIOD. - HÀ NỘI NHỮNG NĂM 1875–1945" (in Vietnamese). HA NOI 360°. Retrieved 27 April 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date format (link)

Draft 14 (Legislature)

edit
City of Hanoi
Ville de Hanoï
Thành-phố Hà-Nội
城庯河內
1883–1945
1946–1954
Motto: Dîs lecta fortitudine prospera (Latin)
"The Gods picked the strength to be successful"
Great seal of the Tổng đốc of Hà Ninh:[a]
Hà Nội Ninh Bình Tổng đốc quan phòng
河內寧平總督關防
 
(1883–1896)
 
Hanoi in 1936 (Bảo Đại 10).
StatusCapital of the French protectorate of Tonkin (1883–1945; 1946–1948)
Capital of French Indochina (1902–1945)
Capital of Bắc Việt, State of Vietnam (1949–1954)
Official languagesFrench
Vietnamese
Classical Chinese[b]
Demonym(s)Hanoian[c]
GovernmentMunicipalité de première classe
Đốc lý Pháp[d] 
• 6 October 1885—5 September 1886
Léandre Salle Xavier (first)
• 1 October 1943—9 March 1945
Miguel Joaquim de Pereyra (last)
Thị trưởng 
• 10 March 1948—December 1948
Bùi Văn Quý (first)
• 8 August 1952—October 1954
Đỗ Quang Giai (last)
LegislatureNone (rule by decree)
Historical eraNew Imperialism,
Cold War
25 August 1883
6 June 1884
• Direct rule established over Hanoi, Hải Phòng, and Tourane (Đà Nẵng)
3 October 1888
• The Đồng Khánh Emperor cedes land from the Cầu Đơ and Hà Nam provinces to Hanoi
July–August 1899
• Hanoi becomes the capital city of French Indochina
1902
September 1940
• The Bảo Đại Emperor cedes land from the Hà Đông province to Hanoi
11 July 1942;
1 January 1943
9 March 1945
• Proclamation of independence of the Empire of Vietnam
11 March 1945
19 December 1946 – 18 February 1947
21 July 1954
CurrencyVietnamese cash
(1883—1945)
French Indochinese piastre
(1885—1953)
Japanese military yen
(1940–1945)
South Vietnamese đồng
(1953—1954)
Preceded by
Succeeded by
  1883:
Hanoi province
  1888:
Hà Nam province
  Cầu Đơ province
  1942—43:
Hà Đông province
  1946:
Hanoi
1945:
Hanoi
 
1954:
Hanoi
 
Today part ofHanoi, Vietnam
  1. ^ The Tổng đốc of Hà Ninh (Hanoi and Ninh Bình) was highest Nguyễn dynasty mandarin in Hanoi before the city was separated from the government of Đại Nam on 19 July 1888. However, Hanoi's Quartier indigène remained the capital city of the Hanoi province until 1896.
  2. ^ Classical Chinese was the main administrative language of the Nguyễn dynasty until it was gradually superseded by vernacular Vietnamese.
  3. ^ French: hanoien (masculine), hanoienne (feminine); Vietnamese Người Hà Nội (𠊛河內); Classical Chinese: Hà Nội nhân (河內人).
  4. ^ Initially Hanoi was ruled by a Resident de France (公使, Công sứ), from 8 January 1877 the official title was Maire (Viên đốc lý).

Draft 13 (Without the long note)

edit
City of Hanoi
Ville de Hanoï
Thành-phố Hà-Nội
城庯河內
1883–1945
1946–1954
Motto: Dîs lecta fortitudine prospera (Latin)
"The Gods picked the strength to be successful"
Great seal of the Tổng đốc of Hà Ninh:[a]
Hà Nội Ninh Bình Tổng đốc quan phòng
河內寧平總督關防
 
(1883–1896)
 
Hanoi in 1936 (Bảo Đại 10).
StatusCapital of the French protectorate of Tonkin (1883–1945; 1946–1948)
Capital of French Indochina (1902–1945)
Capital of Bắc Việt, State of Vietnam (1949–1954)
Official languagesFrench
Vietnamese
Classical Chinese[b]
Demonym(s)Hanoian[c]
GovernmentMunicipalité de première classe
Đốc lý Pháp[d] 
• 6 October 1885—5 September 1886
Léandre Salle Xavier (first)
• 1 October 1943—9 March 1945
Miguel Joaquim de Pereyra (last)
Thị trưởng 
• 10 March 1948—December 1948
Bùi Văn Quý (first)
• 8 August 1952—October 1954
Đỗ Quang Giai (last)
Historical eraNew Imperialism,
Cold War
25 August 1883
6 June 1884
• Direct rule established over Hanoi, Hải Phòng, and Tourane (Đà Nẵng)
3 October 1888
• The Đồng Khánh Emperor cedes land from the Cầu Đơ and Hà Nam provinces to Hanoi
July–August 1899
• Hanoi becomes the capital city of French Indochina
1902
September 1940
• The Bảo Đại Emperor cedes land from the Hà Đông province to Hanoi
11 July 1942;
1 January 1943
9 March 1945
• Proclamation of independence of the Empire of Vietnam
11 March 1945
19 December 1946 – 18 February 1947
21 July 1954
CurrencyVietnamese cash
(1883—1945)
French Indochinese piastre
(1885—1953)
Japanese military yen
(1940–1945)
South Vietnamese đồng
(1953—1954)
Preceded by
Succeeded by
  1883:
Hanoi province
  1888:
Hà Nam province
  Cầu Đơ province
  1942—43:
Hà Đông province
  1946:
Hanoi
1945:
Hanoi
 
1954:
Hanoi
 
Today part ofHanoi, Vietnam
  1. ^ The Tổng đốc of Hà Ninh (Hanoi and Ninh Bình) was highest Nguyễn dynasty mandarin in Hanoi before the city was separated from the government of Đại Nam on 19 July 1888. However, Hanoi's Quartier indigène remained the capital city of the Hanoi province until 1896.
  2. ^ Classical Chinese was the main administrative language of the Nguyễn dynasty until it was gradually superseded by vernacular Vietnamese.
  3. ^ French: hanoien (masculine), hanoienne (feminine); Vietnamese Người Hà Nội (𠊛河內); Classical Chinese: Hà Nội nhân (河內人).
  4. ^ Initially Hanoi was ruled by a Resident de France (公使, Công sứ), from 8 January 1877 the official title was Maire (Viên đốc lý).

Draft 12 (Political history of directly ruled French Hanoi)

edit
City of Hanoi
Ville de Hanoï
Thành-phố Hà-Nội
城庯河內
1883–1945
1946–1954
Motto: Dîs lecta fortitudine prospera (Latin)
"The Gods picked the strength to be successful"
Great seal of the Tổng đốc of Hà Ninh:[a]
Hà Nội Ninh Bình Tổng đốc quan phòng
河內寧平總督關防
 
(1883–1896)
 
Hanoi in 1936 (Bảo Đại 10).
StatusCapital of the French protectorate of Tonkin (1883–1945; 1946–1948)
Capital of French Indochina (1902–1945)
Capital of Bắc Việt, State of Vietnam (1949–1954)
Official languagesFrench
Vietnamese
Classical Chinese[b]
Demonym(s)Hanoian[c]
GovernmentMunicipalité de première classe
Đốc lý Pháp[d] 
• 6 October 1885—5 September 1886
Léandre Salle Xavier (first)
• 1 October 1943—9 March 1945
Miguel Joaquim de Pereyra (last)
Thị trưởng 
• 10 March 1948—December 1948
Bùi Văn Quý (first)
• 8 August 1952—October 1954
Đỗ Quang Giai (last)
Historical eraNew Imperialism,
Cold War
25 August 1883
6 June 1884
• Direct rule established over Hanoi, Hải Phòng, and Tourane (Đà Nẵng)[e]
3 October 1888
• The Đồng Khánh Emperor cedes land from the Cầu Đơ and Hà Nam provinces to Hanoi
July–August 1899
• Hanoi becomes the capital city of French Indochina
1902
September 1940
• The Bảo Đại Emperor cedes land from the Hà Đông province to Hanoi
11 July 1942;
1 January 1943
9 March 1945
• Proclamation of independence of the Empire of Vietnam
11 March 1945
19 December 1946 – 18 February 1947
21 July 1954
CurrencyVietnamese cash
(1883—1945)
French Indochinese piastre
(1885—1953)
Japanese military yen
(1940–1945)
South Vietnamese đồng
(1953—1954)
Preceded by
Succeeded by
  1883:
Hanoi province
  1888:
Hà Nam province
  Cầu Đơ province
  1942—43:
Hà Đông province
  1946:
Hanoi
1945:
Hanoi
 
1954:
Hanoi
 
Today part ofHanoi, Vietnam
  1. ^ The Tổng đốc of Hà Ninh (Hanoi and Ninh Bình) was highest Nguyễn dynasty mandarin in Hanoi before the city was separated from the government of Đại Nam on 19 July 1888. However, Hanoi's Quartier indigène remained the capital city of the Hanoi province until 1896.
  2. ^ Classical Chinese was the main administrative language of the Nguyễn dynasty until it was gradually superseded by vernacular Vietnamese.
  3. ^ French: hanoien (masculine), hanoienne (feminine); Vietnamese Người Hà Nội (𠊛河內); Classical Chinese: Hà Nội nhân (河內人).
  4. ^ Initially Hanoi was ruled by a Resident de France (公使, Công sứ), from 8 January 1877 the official title was Maire (Viên đốc lý).
  5. ^ Established with Dụ số 567 ngày thứ 26 tháng thứ tám năm Đồng Khánh thứ ba 3 signed on 1 October 1888, effective 3 October 1888.

Draft 11 (Vectorised great seal of the Tổng đốc of Hà Ninh)

edit
City of Hanoi
Ville de Hanoï
Thành-phố Hà-Nội
城庯河內
1883–1945
1946–1954
Motto: Dîs lecta fortitudine prospera (Latin)
"The Gods picked the strength to be successful"
Great seal of the Tổng đốc of Hà Ninh:[a]
Hà Nội Ninh Bình Tổng đốc quan phòng
河內寧平總督關防
 
(1883–1896)
 
Hanoi in 1936 (Bảo Đại 10).
StatusCapital of the French protectorate of Tonkin (1883–1945; 1946–1948)
Capital of French Indochina (1902–1945)
Capital of Bắc Việt, State of Vietnam (1949–1954)
Official languagesFrench
Vietnamese
Classical Chinese[b]
Demonym(s)Hanoian[c]
GovernmentMunicipalité de première classe
Đốc lý Pháp[d] 
• 6 October 1885—5 September 1886
Léandre Salle Xavier (first)
• 1 October 1943—9 March 1945
Miguel Joaquim de Pereyra (last)
Thị trưởng 
• 10 March 1948—December 1948
Bùi Văn Quý (first)
• 8 August 1952—October 1954
Đỗ Quang Giai (last)
Historical eraNew Imperialism,
Cold War
25 August 1883
6 June 1884
• The Đồng Khánh Emperor cedes land from the Cầu Đơ and Hà Nam provinces to Hanoi
July–August 1899
• Hanoi becomes the capital city of French Indochina
1902
September 1940
• The Bảo Đại Emperor cedes land from the Hà Đông province to Hanoi
11 July 1942;
1 January 1943
9 March 1945
• Proclamation of independence of the Empire of Vietnam
11 March 1945
19 December 1946 – 18 February 1947
21 July 1954
CurrencyVietnamese cash
(1883—1945)
French Indochinese piastre
(1885—1953)
Japanese military yen
(1940–1945)
South Vietnamese đồng
(1953—1954)
Preceded by
Succeeded by
  1883:
Hanoi province
  1888:
Hà Nam province
  Cầu Đơ province
  1942—43:
Hà Đông province
  1946:
Hanoi
1945:
Hanoi
 
1954:
Hanoi
 
Today part ofHanoi, Vietnam
  1. ^ The Tổng đốc of Hà Ninh (Hanoi and Ninh Bình) was highest Nguyễn dynasty mandarin in Hanoi before the city was separated from the government of Đại Nam on 19 July 1888. However, Hanoi's Quartier indigène remained the capital city of the Hanoi province until 1896.
  2. ^ Classical Chinese was the main administrative language of the Nguyễn dynasty until it was gradually superseded by vernacular Vietnamese.
  3. ^ French: hanoien (masculine), hanoienne (feminine); Vietnamese Người Hà Nội (𠊛河內); Classical Chinese: Hà Nội nhân (河內人).
  4. ^ Initially Hanoi was ruled by a Resident de France (公使, Công sứ), from 8 January 1877 the official title was Maire (Viên đốc lý).

Draft 10 (With the flag of France)

edit

Inspired by: "Tokyo City".

City of Hanoi
Ville de Hanoï
Thành-phố Hà-Nội
城庯河內
1883–1945
1946–1954
Motto: Dîs lecta fortitudine prospera (Latin)
"The Gods picked the strength to be successful"
Great seal of the Tổng đốc of Hà Ninh:[a]
Hà Nội Ninh Bình Tổng đốc quan phòng
河內寧平總督關防
 
(1883–1896)
 
Hanoi in 1936 (Bảo Đại 10).
StatusCapital of the French protectorate of Tonkin (1883–1945; 1946–1948)
Capital of French Indochina (1902–1945)
Capital of Bắc Việt, State of Vietnam (1949–1954)
Official languagesFrench
Vietnamese
Classical Chinese[b]
Demonym(s)Hanoian[c]
GovernmentMunicipalité de première classe
Đốc lý Pháp[d] 
• 6 October 1885—5 September 1886
Léandre Salle Xavier (first)
• 1 October 1943—9 March 1945
Miguel Joaquim de Pereyra (last)
Thị trưởng 
• 10 March 1948—December 1948
Bùi Văn Quý (first)
• 8 August 1952—October 1954
Đỗ Quang Giai (last)
Historical eraNew Imperialism,
Cold War
25 August 1883
6 June 1884
• The Đồng Khánh Emperor cedes land from the Cầu Đơ and Hà Nam provinces to Hanoi
July–August 1899
• Hanoi becomes the capital city of French Indochina
1902
September 1940
• The Bảo Đại Emperor cedes land from the Hà Đông province to Hanoi
11 July 1942;
1 January 1943
9 March 1945
• Proclamation of independence of the Empire of Vietnam
11 March 1945
19 December 1946 – 18 February 1947
21 July 1954
CurrencyVietnamese cash
(1883—1945)
French Indochinese piastre
(1885—1953)
Japanese military yen
(1940–1945)
South Vietnamese đồng
(1953—1954)
Preceded by
Succeeded by
  1883:
Hanoi province
  1888:
Hà Nam province
  Cầu Đơ province
  1942—43:
Hà Đông province
  1946:
Hanoi
1945:
Hanoi
 
1954:
Hanoi
 
Today part ofHanoi, Vietnam
  1. ^ The Tổng đốc of Hà Ninh (Hanoi and Ninh Bình) was highest Nguyễn dynasty mandarin in Hanoi before the city was separated from the government of Đại Nam on 19 July 1888. However, Hanoi's Quartier indigène remained the capital city of the Hanoi province until 1896.
  2. ^ Classical Chinese was the main administrative language of the Nguyễn dynasty until it was gradually superseded by vernacular Vietnamese.
  3. ^ French: hanoien (masculine), hanoienne (feminine); Vietnamese Người Hà Nội (𠊛河內); Classical Chinese: Hà Nội nhân (河內人).
  4. ^ Initially Hanoi was ruled by a Resident de France (公使, Công sứ), from 8 January 1877 the official title was Maire (Viên đốc lý).

Draft 9 (Continued capital of the Hanoi province)

edit
City of Hanoi
Ville de Hanoï
Thành-phố Hà-Nội
城庯河內
1883–1945
1946–1954
Motto: Dis lecta fortitudine prospera (Latin)
"The Gods picked the strength to be successful"
Great seal of the Tổng đốc of Hà Ninh:[a]
Hà Nội Ninh Bình Tổng đốc quan phòng
河內寧平總督關防
 
(1883–1896)
 
Hanoi in 1936 (Bảo Đại 10).
StatusCapital of the French protectorate of Tonkin (1883–1945; 1946–1948)
Capital of French Indochina (1902–1945)
Capital of Bắc Việt, State of Vietnam (1949–1954)
Official languagesFrench
Vietnamese
Classical Chinese[b]
Demonym(s)Hanoian[c]
GovernmentMunicipalité de première classe
Đốc lý Pháp[d] 
• 6 October 1885—5 September 1886
Léandre Salle Xavier (first)
• 1 October 1943—9 March 1945
Miguel Joaquim de Pereyra (last)
Thị trưởng 
• 10 March 1948—December 1948
Bùi Văn Quý (first)
• 8 August 1952—October 1954
Đỗ Quang Giai (last)
Historical eraNew Imperialism,
Cold War
25 August 1883
6 June 1884
• The Đồng Khánh Emperor cedes land from the Cầu Đơ and Hà Nam provinces to Hanoi
July–August 1899
• Hanoi becomes the capital city of French Indochina
1902
September 1940
• The Bảo Đại Emperor cedes land from the Hà Đông province to Hanoi
11 July 1942;
1 January 1943
9 March 1945
• Proclamation of independence of the Empire of Vietnam
11 March 1945
19 December 1946 – 18 February 1947
21 July 1954
CurrencyVietnamese cash
(1883—1945)
French Indochinese piastre
(1885—1953)
Japanese military yen
(1940–1945)
South Vietnamese đồng
(1953—1954)
Preceded by
Succeeded by
  1883:
Hanoi province
  1888:
Hà Nam province
  Cầu Đơ province
  1942—43:
Hà Đông province
  1946:
Hanoi
1945:
Hanoi
 
1954:
Hanoi
 
Today part ofHanoi, Vietnam
  1. ^ The Tổng đốc of Hà Ninh (Hanoi and Ninh Bình) was highest Nguyễn dynasty mandarin in Hanoi before the city was separated from the government of Đại Nam on 19 July 1888. However, Hanoi's Quartier indigène remained the capital city of the Hanoi province until 1896.
  2. ^ Classical Chinese was the main administrative language of the Nguyễn dynasty until it was gradually superseded by vernacular Vietnamese.
  3. ^ French: hanoien (masculine), hanoienne (feminine); Vietnamese Người Hà Nội (𠊛河內); Classical Chinese: Hà Nội nhân (河內人).
  4. ^ Initially Hanoi was ruled by a Resident de France (公使, Công sứ), from 8 January 1877 the official title was Maire (Viên đốc lý).

Draft 8.5 (Great Seal of the Tổng đốc of Hà Ninh)

edit
City of Hanoi
Ville de Hanoï
Thành-phố Hà-Nội
城庯河內
1883–1945
1946–1954
Motto: Dis lecta fortitudine prospera (Latin)
"The Gods picked the strength to be successful"
Great seal of the Tổng đốc of Hà Ninh:[a]
Ha Nội Ninh Bình Tổng X đốc quan phòng
河內寧平總X督關防
 
(1883–1888)
 
Hanoi in 1936 (Bảo Đại 10).
StatusCapital of the French protectorate of Tonkin (1883–1945; 1946–1948)
Capital of French Indochina (1902–1945)
Capital of Bắc Việt, State of Vietnam (1949–1954)
Official languagesFrench
Vietnamese
Classical Chinese[b]
Demonym(s)Hanoian[c]
GovernmentMunicipalité de première classe
Đốc lý Pháp[d] 
• 6 October 1885—5 September 1886
Léandre Salle Xavier (first)
• 1 October 1943—9 March 1945
Miguel Joaquim de Pereyra (last)
Thị trưởng 
• 10 March 1948—December 1948
Bùi Văn Quý (first)
• 8 August 1952—October 1954
Đỗ Quang Giai (last)
Historical eraNew Imperialism,
Cold War
25 August 1883
6 June 1884
• The Đồng Khánh Emperor cedes land from the Cầu Đơ and Hà Nam provinces to Hanoi
July–August 1899
• Hanoi becomes the capital city of French Indochina
1902
September 1940
• The Bảo Đại Emperor cedes land from the Hà Đông province to Hanoi
11 July 1942;
1 January 1943
9 March 1945
• Proclamation of independence of the Empire of Vietnam
11 March 1945
19 December 1946 – 18 February 1947
21 July 1954
CurrencyVietnamese cash
(1883—1945)
French Indochinese piastre
(1885—1953)
Japanese military yen
(1940–1945)
South Vietnamese đồng
(1953—1954)
Preceded by
Succeeded by
  1883:
Hanoi province
  1888:
Hà Nam province
  Cầu Đơ province
  1942—43:
Hà Đông province
  1946:
Hanoi
1945:
Hanoi
 
1954:
Hanoi
 
Today part ofHanoi, Vietnam
  1. ^ The Tổng đốc of Hà Ninh (Hanoi and Ninh Bình) was highest Nguyễn dynasty mandarin in Hanoi before the city was separated from the government of Đại Nam on 19 July 1888.
  2. ^ Classical Chinese was the main administrative language of the Nguyễn dynasty until it was gradually superseded by vernacular Vietnamese.
  3. ^ French: hanoien (masculine), hanoienne (feminine); Vietnamese Người Hà Nội (𠊛河內); Classical Chinese: Hà Nội nhân (河內人).
  4. ^ Initially Hanoi was ruled by a Resident de France (公使, Công sứ), from 8 January 1877 the official title was Maire (Viên đốc lý).

Draft 8 (Seal of the Tổng đốc of Hà Ninh)

edit
City of Hanoi
Ville de Hanoï
Thành-phố Hà-Nội
城庯河內
1883–1945
1946–1954
Motto: Dis lecta fortitudine prospera (Latin)
"The Gods picked the strength to be successful"
Seal of the Tổng đốc of Hà Ninh:[a]
河寧總督
 
(1883–1888)
 
Hanoi in 1936 (Bảo Đại 10).
StatusCapital of the French protectorate of Tonkin (1883–1945; 1946–1948)
Capital of French Indochina (1902–1945)
Capital of Bắc Việt, State of Vietnam (1949–1954)
Official languagesFrench
Vietnamese
Classical Chinese[b]
Demonym(s)Hanoian[c]
GovernmentMunicipalité de première classe
Đốc lý Pháp[d] 
• 6 October 1885—5 September 1886
Léandre Salle Xavier (first)
• 1 October 1943—9 March 1945
Miguel Joaquim de Pereyra (last)
Thị trưởng 
• 10 March 1948—December 1948
Bùi Văn Quý (first)
• 8 August 1952—October 1954
Đỗ Quang Giai (last)
Historical eraNew Imperialism,
Cold War
25 August 1883
6 June 1884
• The Đồng Khánh Emperor cedes land from the Cầu Đơ and Hà Nam provinces to Hanoi
July–August 1899
• Hanoi becomes the capital city of French Indochina
1902
September 1940
• The Bảo Đại Emperor cedes land from the Hà Đông province to Hanoi
11 July 1942;
1 January 1943
9 March 1945
• Proclamation of independence of the Empire of Vietnam
11 March 1945
19 December 1946 – 18 February 1947
21 July 1954
CurrencyVietnamese cash
(1883—1945)
French Indochinese piastre
(1885—1953)
Japanese military yen
(1940–1945)
South Vietnamese đồng
(1953—1954)
Preceded by
Succeeded by
  1883:
Hanoi province
  1888:
Hà Nam province
  Cầu Đơ province
  1942—43:
Hà Đông province
  1946:
Hanoi
1945:
Hanoi
 
1954:
Hanoi
 
Today part ofHanoi, Vietnam
  1. ^ The Tổng đốc of Hà Ninh (Hanoi and Ninh Bình) was highest Nguyễn dynasty mandarin in Hanoi before the city was separated from the government of Đại Nam on 19 July 1888.
  2. ^ Classical Chinese was the main administrative language of the Nguyễn dynasty until it was gradually superseded by vernacular Vietnamese.
  3. ^ French: hanoien (masculine), hanoienne (feminine); Vietnamese Người Hà Nội (𠊛河內); Classical Chinese: Hà Nội nhân (河內人).
  4. ^ Initially Hanoi was ruled by a Resident de France (公使, Công sứ), from 8 January 1877 the official title was Maire (Viên đốc lý).

Draft 7 (With the Japanese Military Yen)

edit
City of Hanoi
Ville de Hanoï
Thành-phố Hà-Nội
城庯河內
1883–1945
1946–1954
Motto: Dis lecta fortitudine prospera (Latin)
"The Gods picked the strength to be successful"
 
Hanoi in 1936 (Bảo Đại 10).
StatusCapital of the French protectorate of Tonkin (1883–1945; 1946–1948)
Capital of French Indochina (1902–1945)
Capital of Bắc Việt, State of Vietnam (1949–1954)
Official languagesFrench
Vietnamese
Classical Chinese[a]
Demonym(s)Hanoian[b]
GovernmentMunicipalité de première classe
Đốc lý Pháp[c] 
• 6 October 1885—5 September 1886
Léandre Salle Xavier (first)
• 1 October 1943—9 March 1945
Miguel Joaquim de Pereyra (last)
Thị trưởng 
• 10 March 1948—December 1948
Bùi Văn Quý (first)
• 8 August 1952—October 1954
Đỗ Quang Giai (last)
Historical eraNew Imperialism,
Cold War
25 August 1883
6 June 1884
• The Đồng Khánh Emperor cedes land from the Cầu Đơ and Hà Nam provinces to Hanoi
July–August 1899
• Hanoi becomes the capital city of French Indochina
1902
September 1940
• The Bảo Đại Emperor cedes land from the Hà Đông province to Hanoi
11 July 1942;
1 January 1943
9 March 1945
• Proclamation of independence of the Empire of Vietnam
11 March 1945
19 December 1946 – 18 February 1947
21 July 1954
CurrencyVietnamese cash
(1883—1945)
French Indochinese piastre
(1885—1953)
Japanese military yen
(1940–1945)
South Vietnamese đồng
(1953—1954)
Preceded by
Succeeded by
  1883:
Hanoi province
  1888:
Hà Nam province
  Cầu Đơ province
  1942—43:
Hà Đông province
  1946:
Hanoi
1945:
Hanoi
 
1954:
Hanoi
 
Today part ofHanoi, Vietnam
  1. ^ Classical Chinese was the main administrative language of the Nguyễn dynasty until it was gradually superseded by vernacular Vietnamese.
  2. ^ French: hanoien (masculine), hanoienne (feminine); Vietnamese Người Hà Nội (𠊛河內); Classical Chinese: Hà Nội nhân (河內人).
  3. ^ Initially Hanoi was ruled by a Resident de France (公使, Công sứ), from 8 January 1877 the official title was Maire (Viên đốc lý).

Draft 6 (More chronological)

edit
City of Hanoi
Ville de Hanoï
Thành-phố Hà-Nội
城庯河內
1883–1945
1946–1954
Motto: Dis lecta fortitudine prospera (Latin)
"The Gods picked the strength to be successful"
 
Hanoi in 1936 (Bảo Đại 10).
StatusCapital of the French protectorate of Tonkin (1883–1945; 1946–1948)
Capital of French Indochina (1902–1945)
Capital of Bắc Việt, State of Vietnam (1949–1954)
Official languagesFrench
Vietnamese
Classical Chinese[a]
Demonym(s)Hanoian[b]
GovernmentMunicipalité de première classe
Đốc lý Pháp[c] 
• 6 October 1885—5 September 1886
Léandre Salle Xavier (first)
• 1 October 1943—9 March 1945
Miguel Joaquim de Pereyra (last)
Thị trưởng 
• 10 March 1948—December 1948
Bùi Văn Quý (first)
• 8 August 1952—October 1954
Đỗ Quang Giai (last)
Historical eraNew Imperialism,
Cold War
25 August 1883
6 June 1884
• The Đồng Khánh Emperor cedes land from the Cầu Đơ and Hà Nam provinces to Hanoi
July–August 1899
• Hanoi becomes the capital city of French Indochina
1902
September 1940
• The Bảo Đại Emperor cedes land from the Hà Đông province to Hanoi
11 July 1942;
1 January 1943
9 March 1945
• Proclamation of independence of the Empire of Vietnam
11 March 1945
19 December 1946 – 18 February 1947
21 July 1954
CurrencyVietnamese cash
(1883—1945)
French Indochinese piastre
(1885—1953)
South Vietnamese đồng
(1953—1954)
Preceded by
Succeeded by
  1883:
Hanoi province
  1888:
Hà Nam province
  Cầu Đơ province
  1942—43:
Hà Đông province
  1946:
Hanoi
1945:
Hanoi
 
1954:
Hanoi
 
Today part ofHanoi, Vietnam
  1. ^ Classical Chinese was the main administrative language of the Nguyễn dynasty until it was gradually superseded by vernacular Vietnamese.
  2. ^ French: hanoien (masculine), hanoienne (feminine); Vietnamese Người Hà Nội (𠊛河內); Classical Chinese: Hà Nội nhân (河內人).
  3. ^ Initially Hanoi was ruled by a Resident de France (公使, Công sứ), from 8 January 1877 the official title was Maire (Viên đốc lý).

Draft 5 (No seals)

edit
City of Hanoi
Ville de Hanoï
Thành-phố Hà-Nội
城庯河內
1883–1945
1946–1954
Motto: Dis lecta fortitudine prospera (Latin)
"The Gods picked the strength to be successful"
 
Hanoi in 1936 (Bảo Đại 10).
StatusCapital of the French protectorate of Tonkin (1883–1945; 1946–1948)
Capital of French Indochina (1902–1945)
Capital of Bắc Việt, State of Vietnam (1949–1954)
Official languagesFrench
Vietnamese
Classical Chinese[a]
Demonym(s)Hanoian
GovernmentMunicipalité de première classe
Đốc lý Pháp 
• 6 October 1885—5 September 1886
Léandre Salle Xavier (first)
• 1 October 1943—9 March 1945
Miguel Joaquim de Pereyra (last)
Thị trưởng 
• 10 March 1948—December 1948
Bùi Văn Quý (first)
• 8 August 1952—October 1954
Đỗ Quang Giai (last)
Historical eraNew Imperialism,
Cold War
25 August 1883 1883
6 June 1884
• The Đồng Khánh Emperor cedes land from the Cầu Đơ and Hà Nam provinces to Hanoi
July–August 1899
• Hanoi becomes the capital city of French Indochina
1902
• The Bảo Đại Emperor cedes land from the Hà Đông province to Hanoi
11 July 1942;
1 January 1943
September 1940
9 March 1945
• Proclamation of independence of the Empire of Vietnam
11 March 1945
19 December 1946 – 18 February 1947
21 July 1954
CurrencyVietnamese cash,
French Indochinese piastre
Preceded by
Succeeded by
  1883:
Hanoi province
  1888:
Hà Nam province
  Cầu Đơ province
  1942—43:
Hà Đông province
  1946:
Hanoi
1945:
Hanoi
 
1954:
Hanoi
 
Today part ofHanoi, Vietnam
  1. ^ Classical Chinese was the main administrative language of the Nguyễn dynasty until it was gradually superseded by vernacular Vietnamese.

Draft 4 (Different map)

edit
City of Hanoi
Ville de Hanoï
Thành-phố Hà-Nội
城庯河內
1883–1945
1946–1954
Motto: Dis lecta fortitudine prospera (Latin)
"The Gods picked the strength to be successful"
Seal of the French Resident:
 
 
Hanoi in 1936 (Bảo Đại 10).
StatusCapital of the French protectorate of Tonkin (1883–1945; 1946–1948)
Capital of French Indochina (1902–1945)
Capital of Bắc Việt, State of Vietnam (1949–1954)
Official languagesFrench
Vietnamese
Classical Chinese[a]
Demonym(s)Hanoian
GovernmentMunicipalité de première classe
Historical eraNew Imperialism,
Cold War
25 August 1883 1883
6 June 1884
• The Đồng Khánh Emperor cedes land from the Cầu Đơ and Hà Nam provinces to Hanoi
July–August 1899
• Hanoi becomes the capital city of French Indochina
1902
• The Bảo Đại Emperor cedes land from the Hà Đông province to Hanoi
11 July 1942;
1 January 1943
September 1940
9 March 1945
• Proclamation of independence of the Empire of Vietnam
11 March 1945
19 December 1946 – 18 February 1947
21 July 1954
CurrencyVietnamese cash (until 1945),
French Indochinese piastre
Preceded by
Succeeded by
  1883:
Hanoi province
  1888:
Hà Nam province
  Cầu Đơ province
  1941—42:
Hà Đông province
  1946:
Hanoi
1945:
Hanoi
 
1954:
Hanoi
 
Today part ofHanoi, Vietnam
  1. ^ Classical Chinese was the main administrative language of the Nguyễn dynasty until it was gradually superseded by vernacular Vietnamese.

Draft 3 (Only French seal)

edit
City of Hanoi
Ville de Hanoï
Thành-phố Hà-Nội
城庯河內
1883–1945
1946–1954
Motto: Dis lecta fortitudine prospera (Latin)
"The Gods picked the strength to be successful"
Seal of the French Resident:
 
 
Hanoi in 1937 (Bảo Đại 11).
StatusCapital of the French protectorate of Tonkin (1883–1945; 1946–1948)
Capital of French Indochina (1902–1945)
Capital of Bắc Việt, State of Vietnam (1949–1954)
Official languagesFrench
Vietnamese
Classical Chinese[a]
Demonym(s)Hanoian
GovernmentMunicipality
Historical eraNew Imperialism,
Cold War
25 August 1883 1883
6 June 1884
• The Đồng Khánh Emperor cedes land from the Cầu Đơ and Hà Nam provinces to Hanoi
July–August 1899
• Hanoi becomes the capital city of French Indochina
1902
• The Bảo Đại Emperor cedes land from the Hà Đông province to Hanoi
11 July 1942;
1 January 1943
September 1940
9 March 1945
• Proclamation of independence of the Empire of Vietnam
11 March 1945
19 December 1946 – 18 February 1947
21 July 1954
CurrencyVietnamese cash (until 1945),
French Indochinese piastre
Preceded by
Succeeded by
  1883:
Hanoi province
  1888:
Hà Nam province
  Cầu Đơ province
  1941—42:
Hà Đông province
  1946:
Hanoi
1945:
Hanoi
 
1954:
Hanoi
 
Today part ofHanoi, Vietnam
  1. ^ Classical Chinese was the main administrative language of the Nguyễn dynasty until it was gradually superseded by vernacular Vietnamese.

Draft 2

edit
City of Hanoi
Ville de Hanoï
Thành-phố Hà-Nội
城庯河內
1883–1945
1946–1954
Motto: Dis lecta fortitudine prospera
"The wealth having been chosen by prosperous strength"
Seals:

Seal of the - Seal of the
Tổng đốc of Hà Ninh - French resident of Hanoi
 
Hanoi in 1937 (Bảo Đại 11).
StatusCapital of the French protectorate of Tonkin (1883–1945; 1946–1948)
Capital of French Indochina (1902–1945)
Capital of Bắc Việt / Bắc Phần, State of Vietnam (1949–1954)
Official languagesFrench
Vietnamese
Classical Chinese[a]
Demonym(s)Hanoian, Hanoïen
GovernmentMunicipality
Historical eraNew Imperialism,
Cold War
25 August 1883 1883
6 June 1884
• The Đồng Khánh Emperor cedes land from the Cầu Đơ and Hà Nam provinces to Hanoi
July–August 1899
• Hanoi becomes the capital city of French Indochina
1902
• The Bảo Đại Emperor cedes land from the Hà Đông province to Hanoi
11 July 1942;
1 January 1943
September 1940
9 March 1945
• Proclamation of independence of the Empire of Vietnam
11 March 1945
19 December 1946 – 18 February 1947
21 July 1954
CurrencyVietnamese cash (until 1945),
French Indochinese piastre
Preceded by
Succeeded by
  1883:
Hanoi province
  1888:
Hà Nam province
  Cầu Đơ province
  1941—42:
Hà Đông province
  1946:
Hanoi
1945:
Hanoi
 
1954:
Hanoi
 
Today part ofHanoi, Vietnam
  1. ^ Classical Chinese was the main administrative language of the Nguyễn dynasty until it was gradually superseded by vernacular Vietnamese.

Draft 1

edit
City of Hanoi
Ville de Hanoï
Thành phố Hà Nội
城庯河內
1883–1945
1946–1954
Motto: Dis lecta fortitudine prospera
"The wealth having been chosen by prosperous strength"
Seals:

Seal of the - Seal of the
Tổng đốc of Hà Ninh - French resident of Hanoi
StatusCapital of the French protectorate of Tonkin (1883–1945; 1946–1948)
Capital of French Indochina (1902–1945)
Official languagesFrench
Vietnamese
Classical Chinese[a]
Historical eraNew Imperialism, Cold War
25 August 1883 1883
6 June 1884
• The Đồng Khánh Emperor cedes land from the Cầu Đơ and Hà Nam provinces to Hanoi
July–August 1899
• The Bảo Đại Emperor cedes land from the Hà Đông province to Hanoi
11 July 1942;
1 January 1943
September 1940
9 March 1945
• Proclamation of independence of the Empire of Vietnam
11 March 1945
19 December 1946 – 18 February 1947
21 July 1954
• Disestablished
1954
CurrencyVietnamese cash (until 1945),
French Indochinese piastre
Preceded by
Succeeded by
  1883:
Hanoi province
  1888:
Hà Nam province
  Cầu Đơ province
  1941—42:
Hà Đông province
  1946:
Hanoi
1945:
Hanoi
 
1954:
Hanoi
 
Today part ofHanoi, Vietnam
  1. ^ Classical Chinese was the main administrative language of the Nguyễn dynasty until it was gradually superseded by vernacular Vietnamese.

Native Government of Hanoi, QGVN

edit
Government of the City of Hanoi
Tòa thị-chính Hà-Nội
 
Overview
EstablishedJanuary 1949
DissolvedOctober 1954
StateState of Vietnam
LeaderThị trưởng
Appointed byPrime Minister of the State of Vietnam
HeadquartersHanoi City Hall

Governments of French Hanoi (8)

edit
Residency of Hanoi
La résidence de Hanoï
Hà-Nội Công-sứ
河內公使
 
Seal of the French Resident of Hanoi
Overview
Established1883
Dissolved19 July 1888
StateFrench protectorate of Annam and Tonkin
(Empire of Đại Nam)
LeaderLe Resident de France en Hanoï
Appointed byResident-General of Annam and Tonkin
Government of the City of Hanoi
Gouvernement de la Ville de Hanoï
Chính-phủ Thành-phố Hà-Nội
政府城庯河內
     
Seals of the Mayor of Hanoi
The Hanoi City Hall.[a]
Overview
Established19 July 1888
Dissolved21 July 1954
StateFrench Indochina
LeaderMaire
(Viên đốc lý)
Appointed byResident-Superior of Tonkin (nominator),
Governor-General of French Indochina (appointer)
Main organConseil Municipal
(Hội đồng thành phố)
HeadquartersHanoi City Hall

Governments of French Hanoi (7)

edit
Residency of Hanoi
La résidence de Hanoï
Hà-Nội Công-sứ
河內公使
 
Seal of the French Resident of Hanoi
Overview
Established1883
Dissolved19 July 1888
StateFrench protectorate of Annam and Tonkin
(Empire of Đại Nam)
LeaderLe Resident de France en Hanoï
Appointed byResident-General of Annam and Tonkin
Government of the City of Hanoi
Gouvernement de la Ville de Hanoï
Chính-phủ Thành-phố Hà-Nội
政府城庯河內
   
Seal of the Mayor of Hanoi
The Hanoi City Hall.[b]
Overview
Established19 July 1888
Dissolved21 July 1954
StateFrench Indochina
LeaderMaire
(Viên đốc lý)
Appointed byResident-Superior of Tonkin (nominator),
Governor-General of French Indochina (appointer)
Main organConseil Municipal
(Hội đồng thành phố)
HeadquartersHanoi City Hall

Governments of French Hanoi (6)

edit
Residency of Hanoi
La résidence de Hanoï
 
Seal of the French Resident of Hanoi
Hà Nội Công sứ
(河內公使)
Overview
Established1883
Dissolved19 July 1888
StateFrench protectorate of Annam and Tonkin
(Empire of Đại Nam)
LeaderLe Resident de France en Hanoï
Appointed byResident-General of Annam and Tonkin
Government of the City of Hanoi
Gouvernement de la Ville de Hanoï
Chính-phủ Thành-phố Hà-Nội
政府城庯河內
   
Seal of the Mayor of Hanoi
The Hanoi City Hall.[c]
Overview
Established19 July 1888
Dissolved21 July 1954
StateFrench Indochina
LeaderMaire
(Viên đốc lý)
Appointed byResident-Superior of Tonkin (nominator),
Governor-General of French Indochina (appointer)
Main organConseil Municipal
(Hội đồng thành phố)
HeadquartersHanoi City Hall

Government of French Hanoi (5)

edit
Government of the City of Hanoi
Gouvernement de la Ville de Hanoï
Chính-phủ Thành-phố Hà-Nội
政府城庯河內
   
Seal of the French Resident of Hanoi
Hà Nội Công sứ
(河內公使)
The Hanoi City Hall.
Overview
Established19 July 1888
Dissolved21 July 1954
StateFrench Indochina
LeaderMaire
(Viên đốc lý)
Appointed byResident-Superior of Tonkin (nominator),
Governor-General of French Indochina (appointer)
Main organConseil Municipal
(Hội đồng thành phố)
HeadquartersHanoi City Hall

Government of French Hanoi (4)

edit
Government of the City of Hanoi
Gouvernement de la Ville de Hanoï
Chính-phủ Thành-phố Hà-Nội
政府城庯河內
   
Seal of the French Resident of Hanoi
Hà Nội Công sứ
(河內公使)
The Hanoi City Hall.
Overview
Established19 July 1888
Dissolved21 July 1954
StateFrench Indochina
LeaderMaire
(Viên đốc lý)
Appointed byResident-Superior of Tonkin (nominator),
Governor-General of French Indochina (appointer)
Main organConseil Municipal
(Hội đồng thành phố)
HeadquartersHanoi City Hall

Government of French Hanoi (3)

edit
Government of the City of Hanoi
Gouvernement de la Ville de Hanoï
Chính-phủ Thành-phố Hà-Nội
政府城庯河內
 
Seal of the French Resident of Hanoi
Hà Nội Công sứ
(河內公使)
Overview
Established19 July 1888
Dissolved21 July 1954
StateFrench Indochina
LeaderMaire
(Viên đốc lý)
Appointed byResident-Superior of Tonkin (nominator),
Governor-General of French Indochina (appointer)
Main organConseil Municipal
(Hội đồng thành phố)
HeadquartersHanoi City Hall

Government of French Hanoi (2)

edit
Draft 2.


Government of the City of Hanoi
Gouvernement de la Ville de Hanoï
Chính-phủ Thành-phố Hà-Nội
政府城庯河內
 
Seal of the French Resident of Hanoi
Hà Nội Công sứ
(河內公使)
Overview
Established19 July 1888
Dissolved21 July 1954
StateFrench Indochina
LeaderMaire
(Viên đốc lý)
Appointed byResident-Superior of Tonkin (nominator),
Governor-General of French Indochina (appointer)
Main organConseil Municipal
(Hội đồng thành phố)
HeadquartersHanoi City Hall

Government of French Hanoi (1)

edit
Draft 1.


Government of the City of Hanoi
Gouvernement de la Ville de Hanoï
Chính-phủ Thành-phố Hà-Nội
政府城庯河內
   
Seal of the - Seal of the
Tổng đốc of Hanoi - French Resident
Hà Ninh Tổng đốc - Hà Nội Công sứ
河寧總督 - 河內公使
Overview
Established19 July 1888
Dissolved21 July 1954
StateFrench Indochina
LeaderMaire
(Viên đốc lý)
Appointed byResident-Superior of Tonkin (nominator),
Governor-General of French Indochina (appointer)
Main organConseil Municipal
(Hội đồng thành phố)
HeadquartersHanoi City Hall

Seal of the Tong-Doc de Hanoï

edit
Draft 6.
Donald Trung/Hanoi under French rule/Infobox
Seal of the - Seal of the
Tổng đốc of Hanoi:[d] - French Resident:

Hà Nội Tổng đốc - Hà Nội Công sứ
河內總督 - 河內公使
  1. ^ This photograph of the Hanoi City Hall appears on a postcard published by Pierre Dieulefils.
  2. ^ This photograph of the Hanoi City Hall appears on a postcard published by Pierre Dieulefils.
  3. ^ This photograph of the Hanoi City Hall appears on a postcard published by Pierre Dieulefils.
  4. ^ The Nguyễn dynasty administrator of Hanoi.
Draft 5.
Donald Trung/Hanoi under French rule/Infobox
Seal of the - Seal of the
Tổng đốc of Hanoi:[a] - French Resident:

Hà Nội Tổng đốc - Hà Nội Công sứ
河內總督 - 河內公使
  1. ^ The Nguyễn dynasty administrator of Hanoi.
Draft 4C.
Donald Trung/Hanoi under French rule/Infobox
Seal of the - Seal of the
Tổng đốc of Hà Ninh:[a] - French Resident:

Hà Ninh Tổng đốc - Hà Nội Công sứ
河寧總督 - 河內公使
  1. ^ The Nguyễn dynasty administrator of Hanoi.
Draft 4B.
Donald Trung/Hanoi under French rule/Infobox
Seal of the - Seal of the
Tổng đốc of Hanoi:[a] - French Resident:

Hà Ninh Tổng đốc - Hà Nội Công sứ
河寧總督 - 河內公使
  1. ^ The Nguyễn dynasty administrator of Hanoi.
Draft 4A.
Donald Trung/Hanoi under French rule/Infobox
Seal of the - Seal of the
Tổng đốc of Hanoi:[a] - French Resident:

Hà Ninh Tổng đốc - Hà Nội Công sứ
河寧總督 - 河內公使
  1. ^ The Nguyễn dynasty administrator of Hanoi.
Draft 3B.
Donald Trung/Hanoi under French rule/Infobox
Seal of the - Seal of the
Tổng đốc of Hanoi:[a] - French Resident:
  1. ^ The Nguyễn dynasty administrator of Hanoi.
Draft 3A.
Donald Trung/Hanoi under French rule/Infobox
Seal of the - Seal of the
Tổng đốc of Hanoi:[a] - French Resident:
  1. ^ The Nguyễn dynasty administrator of Hanoi.
Draft 2.
Donald Trung/Hanoi under French rule/Infobox
Seal of the Tổng đốc of Hanoi:[a] - Seal of the French Resident:
  1. ^ The Nguyễn dynasty administrator of Hanoi.
Draft 1.


Donald Trung/Hanoi under French rule/Infobox
Seals:

Seal of the - Seal of the
Tổng đốc of Hà Ninh - French resident of Hanoi

See also

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