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Old Stub

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Valerianella radiata

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Valerianella radiata
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Dipsacales
Family: Caprifoliaceae
Genus: Valerianella
Species: V. radiata
Binomial name
Valerianella radiata

(L.) Dufr.

Valerianella radiata, synonyms Valerianella stenocarpa and Valerianella woodsiana, common name beaked cornsalad, is a plant native to the United States[1].

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It is listed as a special concern and believed extirpated in Connecticut, and listed as endangered in New Jersey[2]. It is listed as a weed in other parts of the United States[3].

References[edit]

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  1. ^ "Plants Profile for Valerianella radiata (beaked cornsalad)". plants.usda.gov. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
  2. ^ "Connecticut's Endangered, Threatened and Special Concern Species 2015". State of Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Bureau of Natural Resources. Retrieved 31 December 2017.(Note: This list is newer than the one used by plants.usda.gov and is more up-to-date.)
  3. ^ "Plants Profile for Valerianella radiata (beaked cornsalad)". plants.usda.gov. Retrieved 2 June 2018.

New Stub

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search

Valerianella radiata
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Dipsacales
Family: Caprifoliaceae
Genus: Valerianella
Species: V. radiata
Binomial name
Valerianella radiata

(L.) Dufr.

 
Valerianella radiata herbarium sheet.
 
Valerianella radiata in the wild.

Valerianella radiata, synonyms Valerianella stenocarpa and Valerianella woodsiana, common name beaked cornsalad, is a plant native to the United States[1]. It is a annual flowering plant that is self pollinating and besides being mildly edible there are no known uses[2]. Tends to flower in April- May[3].

Description:

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Valerianella radiata typically grows to a high of 0.6m (2ft)[2]. Flowers are perfect[3]. Has 5 white flower petals that are arranged bilaterally symmetrical with fused sepals[3]. Simple, entire, and toothed[3] leaves with opposite arrangement of two leaves per node on stem[4]. It has a stamen count of three that produces dry fruit 2 - 2.5 mm long[4]. It has a pistil count of one with three carpels, inferiors ovary with 3 locales and one ovule, slightly 3-lobed stigmas[3]. Valerianella radiata has a corolla length of less than 2 mm[5]. The fruit is usually yellowish and glabrous to finely pubescent and the fertile cells are slightly narrower than sterile cells[6]. A groove forms between the narrow and fertile sides of the fruit[6]. It is a self-fertile plant due to having both male and female organs[2]. Stems hollow and ascend to erect, dichotomously branching, angled, and glabrous and sparse pubescence on wing margins[3]. Basal leaves are sessile, short-petiolate, spatulate, obovate with bases fused around the stem, glabrous along margins and midvein of undersurface[3]. Inflorescence are clusters that are small, dense, and usually paired on branch tips that have lanceolate bracts to narrowly elliptic[3].

Distribution and Habitat:

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Valerianella radiata distribution is in the eastern deciduous forest regions most Southern two thirds[7]. This species is commonly found in creek beds, roadsides, ditches, clearings, hilltops, and pasturelands[7]. They can be found in areas ranging from moderate shade to full sunlight exposure[5].

Conservation Status:

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It is listed as a special concern and believed extirpated in Connecticut[8], and listed as endangered in New Jersey[1]. It is listed as a weed in other parts of the Southeastern United States[1].

Taxonomy:

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Valerianella radiata is an annual, meaning that it grows from a seed, produces seeds, and dies all within a growing season, leaving dormant seeds[9]. Out of the two types of reproductive systems that this genus follows V. radiata is funnelform-flowered which commonly leads to inbreeding[7]. This species has two varieties: var. radiata and var. fernaldii[7]. Valerianella radiata was originally described by Linnaeus [10]but was later renamed by Dufresne, Pierre[11].

Toxicity:

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This plant is not known to be toxic[2].

Edibility:

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Young raw leaves and the roots of the plant are edible[2]. Roots of plant are an unlikely food source due to minuscule size[2].

Weed Control:

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It is a common weed found in some gardens in the southeastern United States due to suitability in many types of soils and pH levels[2]. Applications of 0.11 kg glyphosate/ha was used to controlled Valerianella radiata in non-crop situations[12].

  1. ^ a b c "Plants Profile for Valerianella radiata (beaked cornsalad)". plants.usda.gov. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g "Valerianella radiata Beaked Cornsalad PFAF Plant Database". pfaf.org. Retrieved 2021-11-12.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h "Valerianella radiata page". www.missouriplants.com. Retrieved 2021-11-17.
  4. ^ a b "Valerianella radiata (beaked corn-salad): Go Botany". gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org. Retrieved 2021-11-17.
  5. ^ a b Wallis, C. S. "Valerianella in Cherokee County, Oklahoma." Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science. 1952.
  6. ^ a b Cemper, Amanda B. "Valerianella radiata (Native) 4." (2011).
  7. ^ a b c d Ware, Donna M. Eggers (1983-01). "Genetic Fruit Polymorphism in North American Valerianella (Valerianaceae) and Its Taxonomic Implications". Systematic Botany. 8 (1): 33. doi:10.2307/2418561. ISSN 0363-6445. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  8. ^ "Connecticut's Endangered, Threatened and Special Concern Species 2015". State of Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Bureau of Natural Resources. Retrieved 31 December 2017.(Note: This list is newer than the one used by plants.usda.gov and is more up-to-date.)
  9. ^ "What Is An Annual, Perennial, Biennial?". aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu. Retrieved 2021-11-17.
  10. ^ "Valerianella radiata | International Plant Names Index". www.ipni.org. Retrieved 2021-11-12.
  11. ^ "Dufresne, Pierre | International Plant Names Index". www.ipni.org. Retrieved 2021-11-12.
  12. ^ "Weed control in dormant turf grass with glyphosate". www.cabi.org. 1984. Retrieved 2021-11-12.
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