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Propaganda in Spain has been extensive throughout Spain's history. The majority of propaganda that has happened in Spain relates to the Spanish Civil War.
Second Spanish Republic
[edit]Propaganda during the Second Spanish Republic was often used. This was beneficial for many artists as electoral cycles were being frequent, giving an incentive.[1]
The Republican side greatly censored and used photographs, films and posters.[2] Many of these films were increasingly promotional and of fiction.[3] Promotional documentaries were also in the rise, mainly of tourism and politics.[3]
Spanish Civil War
[edit]During the war, both sides of the conflict used widely propaganda. They both tackled the same issues, illiteracy, the security of the country and the future of it.[4]
Republican propaganda
[edit]
The style of their posters was always socialist realism, to convey a stronger message and so they could be seen clearly from a distance.[5]
The Republicans made extensive use of propaganda, printing aproximately 3500 posters in 986 days of war.[6] These posters often portrayed strong and athletic women helping out in the homeland while men went to war.[7]
Apart from this portrayal, there were also examples of workers stomping on svastikas or telling them to produce more product.[5] A common slogan for their posters was "¡No pasarán!".[7]
Francoist propaganda
[edit]At the start of the war, the Francoist side underestimated the reach of propaganda.[8] This propaganda tended to demonize the Republic portraying them as monsters.[4] They often used the slogan "¡Arriba España!"[7]
The propaganda of the Francoist side was always in Spanish, even in Galicia, Euskadi or Catalonia, the regions that have their own language (Galician, Basque, Català). This posed a problem in inclusion of these territories for Francisco Franco.[9][10]
Francoist Spain
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A common practice for films in Francoist Spain was to dubb foreign films and change the words they said or simply censor entire sections.[11] Another common propaganda channel were newspapers. In 1938, the "Law of the Press" was created, enabling the government to manipulate news sources for promotional content.[12][13][8]
No-Do
[edit]No-Do were a series of short films that were mandatory to be displayed before every film. They started operations in 1943 and their last episode was in 1983. No-Do stood for Noticiarios y Documentales.[14] They contained promotional content about Francisco Franco, the Falange Española and the Catholic Church.
Recent Propaganda
[edit]In recent years, there have been major propaganda controversies, as well as campaigns in Spain.[15][16]
Unknown propaganda controversy
[edit]In May 2023, an unknown propaganda advertisement appeared at Sol metro station in Madrid, claiming that Cercanías was collapsing while Pedro Sánchez was getting rich.[16]
Vox propaganda controversies
[edit]The far-right Spanish political party Vox has put out provocative propaganda targeting muslims and migration policies. Spanish newspaper El País compared it to nazi propaganda.[15]
In April of 2021, Vox claimed in a propaganda sign in the Madrid Metro that migrants were winning more refugee money than Spanish pensions.[15] RTVE claimed the statement was fake.[17]
In August of 2025, Vox put a sign in El Ejido asking "What Almería do you want?" showing an AI generated image associating a muslim woman with PP and PSOE and an european non-muslim woman with Vox.[18] The comparison was deemed islamophobic and xenophobic.[19]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ↑ "La colección de carteles de la Fundación Pablo Iglesias" (in Spanish). Google Arts & Culture. Retrieved 23 September 2025.
- ↑ Manrique, Jason (1 May 2019). "Art and War: Republican Propaganda of The Spanish Civil War". Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects. Retrieved 25 September 2025.
- 1 2 Paz Rebollo, María Antonia; Cabeza San Deogracias, José. "LA REALIDAD QUE VIERON LOS ESPAÑOLES. EL CINE DE NO-FICCIÓN DURANTE LA II REPÚBLICA ESPAÑOLA (1931-36)". King Juan Carlos University Complutense University of Madrid (in Spanish): 757, 754, 750, 743. Retrieved 25 September 2025.
- 1 2 Garganese, Robin (7 October 2022). "Propaganda posters in the Spanish Civil War". www.europeana.eu. Retrieved 21 September 2025.
- 1 2 "Spanish Civil War Poster Collection". www.brandeis.edu. Retrieved 22 September 2025.
- ↑ "La imagen de la mujer republicana" (in Spanish). Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía. Retrieved 22 September 2025.
- 1 2 3 "Historia del cartel publicitario en España". Botánico estudio - Diseño Gráfico & Packaging (in European Spanish). 27 April 2022. Retrieved 22 September 2025.
- 1 2 Boquera, Ester (21 December 2017). "Organització de la propaganda franquista durant la Guerra Civil". Comissariat de Propaganda (in Catalan). Retrieved 22 September 2025.
- ↑ Fernández, José Manuel Piñero (20 July 2022). "Carteles de la Guerra Civil Española: Ha llegado España (24/110)". Abogado Piñero Fern (in Spanish). Retrieved 22 September 2025.
- ↑ Éditions, Lelivrescolaire fr. "Arriba España". www.lelivrescolaire.fr (in French). Lelivrescolaire.fr. Retrieved 22 September 2025.
- ↑ Argelich, Jaume Claret; Rosich, Ricard (24 February 2024). "Fascist Propaganda on the Big Screen: The History of the NO-DO in Francoist Spain". barcelona-metropolitan.com. Retrieved 21 September 2025.
- ↑ Pizarroso Quintero, Alejandro (15 January 2005). "La Guerra Civil española, un hito en la historia de la propaganda". El Argonauta español. Revue bilingue, franco-espagnole, d’histoire moderne et contemporaine consacrée à l’étude de la presse espagnole de ses origines à nos jours (XVIIe-XXIe siècles) (in Spanish) (2): 46. doi:10.4000/argonauta.1195. ISSN 1765-2901. Retrieved 22 September 2025.
- ↑ "Ley de Prensa, 22 abril 1938". www.filosofia.org. Retrieved 22 September 2025.
- ↑ "NO-DO. El tiempo y la memoria". www.catedra.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 22 September 2025.
- 1 2 3 Blanco, Patricia R. (28 April 2021). "How Spain's far-right Vox party copies Nazi propaganda techniques". EL PAÍS English. Retrieved 21 September 2025.
- 1 2 Fernando, Heller (22 May 2023). "Controversial campaign posters create tension before Spanish elections". Euractiv. Retrieved 27 September 2025.
- ↑ "Los niños migrantes solos no disponen de 4.700 euros al mes en Madrid". RTVE.es (in Spanish). 20 April 2021. Retrieved 23 September 2025.
- ↑ Sánchez, Nacho (1 August 2025). "Vox desata una nueva polémica en El Ejido con dos vallas xenófobas: "¿Qué Almería quieres?"". El País (in Spanish). Retrieved 21 September 2025.
- ↑ ""¿Qué Almería quieres?": el polémico cartel de Vox en El Ejido (Almería) con tintes racistas". LaSexta (in Spanish). 31 July 2025. Retrieved 21 September 2025.