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Metropolitan Transport Network of São Paulo ...
The Metropolitan Transport Network of São Paulo (Portuguese: Rede de Transporte Metropolitano de São Paulo) is an integrated system comprising metro, commuter rail, bus rapid transit - BRT and common bus service systems in the city of São Paulo and neighborhoods, serving an average 4.8 million trips daily[1]. It is a responsibility of the São Paulo Metropolitan Transports Department.
The transport network has 61 metro stations[2], 89 commuter rail stations[3], 9 BRT terminals and 110 BRT stops[4].
Metro
editThe São Paulo Metro has 5 lines, 4 of them operated by Companhia do Metropolitano de São Paulo, which is a state-owned company. The other one has been granted to a private company, ViaQuatro through a public-private partnership (PPP) arrangement.
The construction started in 1968 and the first line was opened to the public in 1974 with 7 stations connecting Jabaquara terminal and Vila Mariana station, both at South of the city of São Paulo. In 1975 13 new stations were opened and the operation was extended to Santana station, North of São Paulo. Therefore this line was named North-South line. Lately in 1979 another line was inaugurated linking the existing North-South line at Sé station (downtown São Paulo) to the new Brás station (East side). In 1988 its path was finished, linking Barra Funda terminal (West side) to Itaquera terminal, becoming the East-West line.
In 1991 the so-called Paulista branch was opened, connecting the North-South line to one of the most important avenues in the city of São Paulo, Paulista Avenue, the financial center of Brazil. Lately this branch was extended southeast and it is now the Line 2 - Green.
In 2002 the Line 5 - Lilac started its operations, from Capão Redondo neighborhood to Largo 13 station. Although this line still in construction, it currently has no connections with the other lines in the Metro system; but it reaches the CPTM commuter rail system.
The newest line, named Line 4 - Yellow, opened in 2010[5]. With state-of-art technologies employed, such as driverless trains, it demanded an exhaustive period of time to ensure their proper running, but is now fully operational linking commuter rail service, lines 2, 3 - Red (former East-West line) and 1 - Blue (former North-South line).
Currently São Paulo Metro has 74.3 kilometres (46.2 mi) rails. Its expansion is being done at Lines 4 and 5, as well as the studies for the new Line 6.
Stations and Services
editLine 1 - Blue
edit| Station name | Bus Terminal | Elevator for Disabled persons | Bicycles facilities | Connections | Points of Interest |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jabaquara | Metropolitan and Coach Bus | Yes | Parking | Corredor São Mateus-Jabaquara BRT system (paid), Ponte ORCA Zoo (paid) | Jabaquara Shopping Mall |
| Conceição | No | Yes | No | No | - |
| São Judas | No | Yes | No | No | São Judas Tadeu Church |
| Saúde | No | Yes | No | No | - |
| Praça da Árvore | No | Yes | No | No | - |
| Santa Cruz | Metropolitan Bus | Yes | No | No | Metrô Santa Cruz Shopping Mall, Integrated Parking Lot |
| Vila Mariana | City Bus | No | Parking & Rental | No | - |
| Ana Rosa | City Bus | Yes | No | Line 2 - Green (free) | Integrated Parking Lot |
| Paraíso | No | Yes | Parking & Rental | Line 2 - Green (free) | - |
| Vergueiro | No | Yes | No | No | Centro Cultural de São Paulo, Metrô Operational Control Center |
| São Joaquim | No | Yes | No | No | - |
| Liberdade | No | Yes | Parking & Rental | No | - |
| Sé | No | Yes | Parking & Rental | Line 3 - Red | Sé Cathedral |
| São Bento | No | Yes | No | No | São Bento Monastery, São Paulo Stock Exchange - BOVESPA, Altino Arantes Building |
| Luz | No | Yes | No | Line 4 - Yellow, CPTM Commuter train Line 7 - Ruby and Line 11 - Coral (all free) | Luz train station itself is a historical landmark, as well Luz Park, Museum of the Portuguese Language and Pinacoteca do Estado de São Paulo (São Paulo State Art Gallery) |
| Tiradentes | No | Yes | No | No | - |
| Armênia | Metropolitan Bus | Yes | Parking & Rental | No | - |
| Portuguesa-Tietê | Metropolitan Bus, Interstate & International Coach | Yes | No | No | Anhembi Convention Center, Anhembi Sambadrome, Canindé Stadium |
| Carandiru | No | Yes | No | No | - |
| Santana | City Bus | Yes | Parking & Rental | No | - |
| Jardim São Paulo-Ayrton Senna | No | Yes | Attaching Post | No | - |
| Parada Inglesa | City Bus | Yes | Attaching Post | No | - |
| Tucuruvi | City Bus | Yes | No | No | - |
Line 2 - Green
edit| Station name | Bus Terminal | Elevator for Disabled persons | Bicycles facilities | Connections | Points of Interest |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vila Prudente | No | Yes | Attaching Post | No | - |
| Tamanduateí | No | Yes | Parking | CPTM commuter train Line 10 - Turquoise (free) | Central Plaza Shopping Mall |
| Sacomã | Metropolitan Bus | Yes | No | No | - |
| Alto do Ipiranga | No | Yes | No | No | - |
| Santos-Imigrantes | No | Yes | No | No | Integrated Parking Lot |
| Chácara Klabin | No | Yes | No | No | - |
| Ana Rosa | City Bus | Yes | No | Line 1 - Blue (free) | Integrated Parking Lot |
| Paraíso | No | Yes | Parking & Rental | No | - |
| Brigadeiro | No | Yes | No | No | Paulista Shopping Mall, Casa das Rosas, Fundação Cásper Líbero |
| Trianon-Masp | No | Yes | No | No | São Paulo Museum of Art - MASP, São Paulo State Industries Association - FIESP, Trianon Park |
| Consolação | No | Yes | No | Line 4 - Yellow thru Paulista station (free) | Conjunto Nacional |
| Clínicas | No | Yes | No | No | Hospital das Clínicas, Araçá Cemetery, Pacaembú Stadium |
| Santuário N. Sra. de Fátima-Sumaré | No | Yes | No | No | - |
| Vila Madalena | No | Yes | Parking & Rental | No | - |
Line 3 - Red
edit| Station name | Bus Terminal | Elevator for Disabled persons | Bicycles facilities | Connections | Points of Interest |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Palmeiras-Barra Funda | Metropolitan Bus & Interstate Coach | Yes | Parking & Rental | CPTM commuter train Line 7 - Ruby and Line 8 - Diamond (free) | Integrated Parking Lot |
| Marechal Deodoro | No | Yes | Parking & Rental | No | Integrated Parking Lot |
| Santa Cecília | No | Yes | Parking & Rental | No | - |
| República | No | Yes | No | Line 4 - Yellow (free) | República Square |
| Anhangabaú | No | Yes | Parking & Rental | No | Anhangabaú Square, Light Shopping Mall, Municipal Theatre of São Paulo |
| Sé | No | Yes | Parking & Rental | Line 1 - Blue | Sé Cathedral |
| Pedro II | Metropolitan Bus | Yes | No | No | D. Pedro Park, Municipal Market of São Paulo |
| Brás | No | Yes | Parking & Rental | CPTM commuter train lines 10 - Turquoise, 11 - Coral and 12 - Sapphire (free) | Integrated Parking Lot |
| Bresser-Mooca | No | Yes | No | No | Integrated Parking Lot |
| Belém | City Bus | Yes | Attaching Post | No | - |
| Tatuapé | City Bus | Yes | No | CPTM commuter train lines 11 - Coral and 12 - Sapphire (paid) | Metrô Tatuapé Shopping Mall |
| Carrão | City Bus | Yes | Parking & Rental | No | - |
| Penha | City Bus | Yes | Attaching Post | No | - |
| Vila Matilde | City Bus | Yes | Attaching Post | No | - |
| Guilhermina-Esperança | No | Yes | Parking & Rental | No | - |
| Patriarca | City Bus | Yes | No | No | - |
| Artur Alvim | City Bus | Yes | Attaching Post | No | - |
| Corinthians-Itaquera | City Bus | Yes | Parking & Rental | CPTM commuter train line 11 - Coral (paid) | Integrated Parking Lot |
Line 4 - Yellow
edit| Station name | Bus Terminal | Elevator for Disabled persons | Bicycles facilities | Connections | Points of Interest |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Luz | No | Yes | No | Line 1 - Blue, CPTM commuter train Line 7 - Ruby and Line 11 - Coral (all free) | Luz station, Luz Park, Pinacoteca do Estado de São Paulo |
| República | No | Yes | No | Line 3 - Red (free) | República Square |
| Paulista | No | Yes | No | Line 2 - Green thru Consolação station (free) | Conjunto Nacional |
| Faria Lima | No | Yes | No | No | - |
| Pinheiros | No | Yes | Parking | CPTM commuter train line 9 - Emerald (free) | - |
| Butantã | No | Yes | Parking & Rental | No | - |
Line 5 - Lilac
edit| Station name | Bus Terminal | Elevator for Disabled persons | Bicycles facilities | Connections | Points of Interest |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capão Redondo | City Bus | Yes | Attaching Post | No | - |
| Campo Limpo | City Bus | Yes | Attaching Post | No | - |
| Vila das Belezas | No | Yes | Attaching Post | No | - |
| Giovanni Gronchi | City Bus | Yes | No | No | - |
| Santo Amaro | City Bus | Yes | No | CPTM commuter train line 9 - Emerald (free) | - |
| Largo 13 | City Bus | Yes | No | No | - |
==Commuter Rail==RFFSARFFSA
Commuter Rail service is provided by CPTM - Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos, a state-owned company established in 1992 to absorb the commuter operations from the former Ferrovia Paulista S/A - FEPASA and the São Paulo branch of Companhia Brasileira de Trens Urbanos - CBTU. At that time, such service was well-known as unreliable, obsolete, and unsafe.
CBTU trains were the commuter train division from the Federal Railroad Network, which was formed after merging many railroads along the country, such as São Paulo Railway - SPR, later Estrada de Ferro Santos a Jundiaí and Estrada de Ferro Central do Brasil. Both of them were built in the 19th Century.[6]
As the name implies, the Estrada de Ferro Santos a Jundiaí (Santos to Jundiaí Rail Road) linked both cities, along with many other cities bewteen them, such as Santo André, Rio Grande da Serra, Ribeirão Pires, Mauá, São Caetano do Sul, São Paulo, Caieiras, Franco da Rocha, Francisco Morato, Campo Limpo Paulista and Várzea Paulista. Its main station is Luz station, established 1867 downtown São Paulo.
The Estrada de Ferro Central do Brasil linked São Paulo to Rio de Janeiro, and the commuter rail served São Paulo up to the city of Mogi das Cruzes, passing thru Ferraz de Vasconcelos, Poá, Itaquaquecetuba and Suzano. It started using the former Roosevelt station (now Brás station) as its main one, later using Luz station as well.
FEPASA was the São Paulo state railroad company, also formed by merging several railroads spreaded over the state. Its main station was Júlio Prestes station, located very close to Luz station. It had two branches, the South one connecting the city of Osasco to the South of São Paulo, and the West branch connecting Júlio Prestes station up to Amador Bueno stop at Itapevi, crossing Osasco, Carapicuíba, Barueri and Jandira.
Both railroads share commuter and freight trains, as well as long-distance passenger trains. After CPTM's creation and further selling of the freight train services to private companies, the long-distance passenger trains were discontinued.
As CPTM took over, many investments were made to the system, making it more reliable and safe. An extensive car replacement effort has been done, including the application of air-conditioned trains and stations' improvement. Those efforts leaded to triple the daily attendance, from 800,000 passengers a day in 1992 to 2,6 million passengers nowadays[7].
Currently CPTM operates 260 kilometres (160 mi) rails in 6 lines.
Stations and Services
editLine 7 - Ruby
edit| Station name | City | Bus Terminal | Disabled persons facilities | Bicycles facilities | Connections | Points of Interest |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Luz | São Paulo | No | Elevator | No | Line 11 - Coral and Metro Lines 1 - Blue and 4 - Yellow (all free) | Luz Station, Luz Park, Museum of Portuguese Language, Pinacoteca do Estado de São Paulo |
| Barra Funda | São Paulo | Metropolitan Bus and Interstate Coach | Elevator | Parking & Rental | Line 8 - Diamond and Metro Line 3 - Red (free) | - |
| Água Branca | São Paulo | No | Ramp | No | No | - |
| Lapa | São Paulo | No | No | No | No | - |
| Piqueri | São Paulo | No | No | No | No | - |
| Pirituba | São Paulo | No | No | No | No | - |
| Vila Clarice | São Paulo | No | No | No | No | - |
| Jaraguá | São Paulo | No | Ramp | No | No | - |
| Perus | São Paulo | No | No | No | No | - |
| Caieiras | Caieiras | City Bus | Ramp | Parking | No | - |
| Franco da Rocha | Franco da Rocha | No | Ramp | No | No | - |
| Baltazar Fidelis | Franco da Rocha | No | No | No | No | - |
| Francisco Morato | Francisco Morato | No | No | No | No | - |
| Botujuru | Campo Limpo Paulista | No | Ramp | No | No | - |
| Campo Limpo Paulista | Campo Limpo Paulista | Metropolitan Bus | Ramp | No | No | - |
| Várzea Paulista | Várzea Paulista | No | Ramp | No | No | - |
| Jundiaí | Jundiaí | City Bus | Ramp | No | No | - |
Line 8 - Diamond
edit| Station name | City | Bus Terminal | Disabled persons facilities | Bicycles facilities | Connections | Points of Interest |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Júlio Prestes | São Paulo | No | Ramp | No | No | Sala São Paulo Concert Hall |
| Barra Funda | São Paulo | Metropolitan Bus and Interstate Coach | Elevator | Parking & Rental | Line 7 - Ruby and Metro Line 3 - Red (free) | - |
| Lapa | São Paulo | City Bus | Ramp | No | No | - |
| Domingos de Moraes | São Paulo | No | No | No | No | - |
| Imperatriz Leopoldina | São Paulo | No | No | No | No | - |
| Presidente Altino | Osasco | No | Elevator | No | Line 9 - Emerald (free) | - |
| Osasco | Osasco | Metropolitan Bus | Elevator | No | Line 9 - Emerald (free) | - |
| Comandante Sampaio | Osasco | No | No | No | No | - |
| Quitaúna | Osasco | No | No | No | No | - |
| General Miguel Costa | Osasco | City Bus | No | No | No | - |
| Carapicuíba | Carapicuíba | City Bus | Elevator | No | No | - |
| Santa Terezinha | Carapicuíba | No | No | No | No | - |
| Antônio João | Barueri | No | Ramp | No | No | - |
| Barueri | Barueri | City Bus | Ramp | No | No | - |
| Jardim Belval | Barueri | No | No | No | No | - |
| Jardim Silveira | Barueri | City Bus | No | Attaching Post | No | - |
| Jandira | Jandira | City Bus | Elevator | Parking | No | - |
| Sagrado Coração | Jandira | No | No | Attaching Post | No | - |
| Eng. Cardoso | Itapevi | No | Elevator | Parking | No | - |
| Itapevi | Itaapevi | City Bus | Elevator | Parking | No | - |
Line 9 - Emerald
edit| Station name | City | Bus Terminal | Disabled persons facilities | Bicycles facilities | Connections | Points of Interest |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Osasco | Osasco | Metropolitan Bus | Elevator | No | Line 8 - Diamond (free) | - |
| Presidente Altino | Osasco | No | Elevator | No | Line 8 - Diamond (free) | - |
| Ceasa | São Paulo | No | Elevator | Parking | No | - |
| Villa Lobos-Jaguaré | São Paulo | No | Elevator | Parking | No | Villa-Lobos State Park, Villa-Lobos Shopping Mall |
| Cidade Universitária | São Paulo | No | Elevator | Parking | No | University of São Paulo |
| Pinheiros | São Paulo | No | Elevator | Parking | Metro Line 4 - Yellow (free) | - |
| Hebraica-Rebouças | São Paulo | No | Elevator | No | No | Eldorado Shopping Mall |
| Cidade Jardim | São Paulo | No | Elevator | No | No | São Paulo Jockey Club |
| Vila Olímpia | São Paulo | No | Elevator | Parking | No | - |
| Berrini | São Paulo | City Bus | Elevator | No | No | Engenheiro Luís Carlos Berrini Avenue |
| Morumbi | São Paulo | No | Elevator | No | No | Morumbi Shopping Mall, SP Market Plaace Shopping Mall |
| Granja Julieta | São Paulo | No | Elevator | No | No | - |
| Santo Amaro | São Paulo | No | Elevator | No | Metro Line 5 - Lilac (free) | - |
| Socorro | São Paulo | No | Elevator | No | No | - |
| Jurubatuba | São Paulo | City Bus | Elevator | Parking | No | - |
| Autódromo | São Paulo | No | Elevator | Parking | No | Autódromo José Carlos Pace |
| Primavera-Interlagos | São Paulo | No | Elevator | Parking | No | - |
| Grajaú | São Paulo | City Bus | Elevator | Parking | No | - |
Line 10 - Turquoise
edit| Station name | City | Bus Terminal | Disabled persons facilities | Bicycles facilities | Connections | Points of Interest |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brás | São Paulo | No | Elevator | Parking & Rental | Lines 11 - Coral and 12 - Sapphire and Metro Line 3 - Red (free) | Integrated Parking Lot |
| Mooca | São Paulo | No | Ramp | No | No | - |
| Ipiranga | São Paulo | No | Ramp | No | No | - |
| Tamanduateí | São Paulo | No | Elevator | Parking | Metro Line 2 - Green (free) | Central Plaza Shopping Mall |
| São Caetano | São Caetano do Sul | Metropolitan Bus | Ramp | No | No | São Caetano do Sul University - USCS |
| Utinga | Santo André | No | Ramp | No | No | - |
| Prefeito Saladino | Santo André | Metropolitan Bus | Ramp | No | No | - |
| Prefeito Celso Daniel-Santo André | Santo André | Metropolitan Bus | Ramp | Parking | Corredor São Mateus-Jabaquara BRT system (paid) | ABC Plaza Shopping Mall |
| Capuava | Mauá | No | Ramp | No | No | - |
| Mauá | Mauá | City Bus | Ramp | Parking | No | - |
| Guapituba | Mauá | No | No | No | No | Guapituba Park |
| Ribeirão Pires | Ribeirão Pires | Metropolitan Bus | No | No | No | - |
| Rio Grande da Serra | Rio Grande da Serra | No | No | No | No | - |
Line 11 - Coral
edit| Station name | City | Bus Terminal | Disabled persons facilities | Bicycles facilities | Connections | Points of Interest |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Luz | São Paulo | No | Elevator | No | Line 7 - Ruby and Metro Lines 1 - Blue and 4 - Yellow (all free) | Luz Station, Luz Park, Museum of Portuguese Language, Pinacoteca do Estado de São Paulo |
| Brás | São Paulo | No | Elevator | Parking & Rental | Lines 10 - Turquoise and 12 - Sapphire and Metro Line 3 - Red (free) | Integrated Parking Lot |
| Tatuapé | São Paulo | City Bus | Elevator | No | Line 12 - Sapphire (free) and Metro Line 3 - Red (paid) | - |
| Itaquera | São Paulo | City Bus | Elevator | No | Line 3 - Red (paid) | - |
| Dom Bosco | São Paulo | No | Elevator | No | No | - |
| José Bonifácio | São Paulo | No | Elevator | No | No | - |
| Guaianazes | São Paulo | City Bus | Ramp | No | No | - |
| Antonio Gianetti Neto | Ferraz de Vasconcelos | No | Elevator | No | No | - |
| Ferraz de Vasconcelos | Ferraz de Vasconcelos | City Bus | Ramp | No | No | - |
| Poá | Poá | City Bus | No | No | No | - |
| Calmon Viana | Poá | No | Elevator | Parking | Line 12 - Sapphire | - |
| Suzano | Suzano | City Bus | Ramp | No | No | - |
| Jundiapeba | Mogi das Cruzes | No | Ramp | No | No | - |
| Brás Cubas | Mogi das Cruzes | No | Ramp | No | No | - |
| Mogi das Cruzes | Mogi das Cruzes | No | Ramp | No | No | - |
| Estudantes | Mogi das Cruzes | Metropolitan Bus | Ramp | No | No | Braz Cubas University, Mogi das Cruzes University |
Line 12 - Sapphire
edit| Station name | City | Bus Terminal | Disabled persons facilities | Bicycles facilities | Connections | Points of Interest |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brás | São Paulo | No | Elevator | Parking & Rental | Lines 10 - Turquoise and 11 - Coral and Metro Line 3 - Red (free) | Integrated Parking Lot |
| Tatuapé | São Paulo | City Bus | Elevator | No | Line 11 - Coral (free) and Metro Line 3 - Red (paid) | - |
| Eng. Goulart | São Paulo | No | Ramp | No | No | - |
| USP Leste | São Paulo | No | Elevator | Parking | No | University of São Paulo - East campus |
| Comendador Ermelino | São Paulo | No | Elevator | Parking | No | - |
| São Miguel Paulista | São Paulo | No | Ramp | Parking | No | - |
| Jardim Helena-Vila Mara | São Paulo | No | Elevator | Parking | No | - |
| Itaim Paulista | São Paulo | No | Elevator | Parking | No | - |
| Jardim Romano | São Paulo | No | Elevator | Parking | No | - |
| Eng. Manoel Feio | Itaquaquecetuba | City Bus | Ramp | No | No | - |
| Itaquaquecetuba | Itaquaquecetuba | No | Elevator | No | No | - |
| Aracaré | Itaquaquecetuba | No | No | No | No | - |
| Calmon Viana | Poá | No | Elevator | Parking | Line 11 - Coral | - |
Bus Rapid Transit
editBRT service is provided at the Corredor São Mateus-Jabaquara busway, owned by EMTU - Empresa Metropolitana de Transportes Urbanos. Its path connects the cities of São Paulo, Mauá, Santo André, São Bernardo do Campo and Diadema.
It started to operate in 1998, connecting Ferrazópolis Bus Terminal and São Mateus Bus Terminal, in São Bernardo do Campo and eastbound São Paulo, respectively. In 1990 the second branch has been finished, thus connecting the system to São Paulo Metro thru Jabaquara station[8]. As most of the busway is served by electric buses, it is often referred as the trolleybus network.
Operated by EMTU itself at first, its operations have been granted to Metra - Sistema Metropolitano de Transportes in 1997.
Currently Metra operates 33 kilometres (21 mi) busways along 9 bus terminals.
Shuttle Services
editShuttle services, known as Ponte ORCA, where ORCA stands for Operador Regional Coletivo Autônomo (Independent Collective Regional Operator), were employed between some metro and commuter train stations to make faster connections employing microbuses. With the new expansions added to the system, all ORCA services in São Paulo have been shut down, except for ORCA Zoo, which is a shuttle connecting Jabaquara terminal to the São Paulo Zoo. It is a paid service.
Airport Express Buses
editThe Airport Express lines (not shown in the network map) connect the Gov. André Franco Montoro International Airport to some destinations in São Paulo, such as Congonhas Airport, República Square, Barra Funda Bus Terminal, and the neighbourhoods of Itaim Bibi and Paulista Avenue. The service is offered with express coach buses and regular buses as well.[9]
Touristic Express
editThe Touristic Express lines are operated by CPTM and are intended to preserve the history of the railroads in São Paulo. Employing original restored passenger cars from the 1950's, services are provided from Luz station to Jundiaí, Mogi das Cruzes and Paranapiacaba. Trips are offered at the weekends and tickets shall be bought in advance.
Regular Intercity Service
editIntercity buses are operated by private companies and managed by EMTU. The lines link all cities in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo.
Companies and Attended Cities
editReferences
edit- ^ São Paulo Metropolitan Transports Department 2007-2010 Demand Report
- ^ São Paulo Metro Company website
- ^ [1] Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos General Data webpage
- ^ [2] Metra website
- ^ O Estado de S. Paulo May 24, 2010
- ^ Associação Brasileira de Preservação Ferroviária website
- ^ Brief history of CPTM
- ^ Corredor São Mateus-Jabaquara History at EMTU website
- ^ Airport Service webpage at EMTU website
- ^ Intercity Line search at EMTU website as of February 23, 2012
External links
edit- São Paulo Metropolitan Transports Department
- São Paulo Metro
- CPTM in Portuguese
- ViaQuatro in Portuguese
- EMTU in Portuguese
- Metra in Portuguese