User:Florin Talasman/Military ranks in Romania

Military ranks are the steps in the military hierarchy through which a person in the armed forces can be promoted from private to the rank of general or admiral.

In Romania, the military rank is a right of the holder and represents social recognition of the quality of a military personnel [1]. Professional soldiers constitute a distinct body of military personnel, recruited on the basis of a fixed-term contract and located at the base of the military hierarchy, their activity being regulated by other normative acts [2].

Advancement in rank is not similar to the awarding of military ranks in the armies of other states in view of the fact that, in some cases, the criterion for awarding these ranks is the completion of the minimum period of service in the rank [3] or the age of the soldier at the time of enlistment, and not the attributions that may derive from the responsibilities of the function which is equivalent to the degree. Carrying out the minimum internship in the rank implies the passing of a minimum period of time to be advanced to the next rank without actively fulfilling other conditions but only passively not to violate provisions regarding the conduct of the military. Advancement in rank does not automatically lead to promotion, just as promotion in the chain of command does not automatically imply advancement in rank.

Paradoxically, sometimes a higher grade occupies a lower position than a lower grade [4] (ex: a unit commander may be lower in rank than his deputy [4] ). In this case, the meaning of the term military hierarchy is no longer respected.

Officers and non-commissioned officers (NCO) can hold the same positions regardless of their rank. These positions therefore have generic names such as "specialist officer", "principal technical NCO" or "principal operational NCO" [5] to cover a wide range of military ranks.

Military personnel in Romania are not only the prerogative of the Ministry of National Defense. The staff of the General Inspectorate for Emergency Situations (military firefighters), the Gendarmerie, the staff of the Protection and Guard Service and the Romanian Intelligence Service are made up of soldiers. Within the Ministry of Justice, at the level of the Prosecutor's Office attached to the High Court of Cassation and Justice, the Section of Military Prosecutor’s Offices operates, which also includes military personnel.

Although they are similar in terms of hierarchical organization and mode of representation, the insignia of civil servants with special status in the national public order system do not represent military ranks.

Hierarchy

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In Romania, the names of the degrees in recent years have been changed as follows (see the bibliography):* În 1972 prin Legea nr. 14/1972;

  • In 1972 by Law no. 14/1972;
  • In 1995 by Law no. 80/1995;
  • In 2004 by GEO no. 4/2004;
  • In 2006 by Law no. 384/2006 regarding the status of professional soldiers and non-commissioned officers.

Land Forces

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Commissioned Officers

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NATO Code OF-1 OF-2 OF-3 OF-4 OF-5 OF-6 OF-7 OF-8 OF-9 OF-10
Military insignia                      
Military insignia for paratroopers             No equivalent
Title Sublocotenent Locotenent Căpitan Maior Locotenent colonel Colonel General de brigadă General maior General locotenent General Mareșal
Abbreviation Slt. Lt. Cpt. Mr. Lt. col. Col. Gl. bg. Gl. mr. Gl. lt. Gl. -

Enlisted ranks / Non-commissioned Officers / Warrant officers

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NATO Code OR-1 / OR-2 OR-3 OR-4 OR-5 OR-6 OR-7 OR-8 OR-9
Corp Enlisted ranks NCOs
Military insignia                      
Title Soldat Fruntaș Caporal

clasa a III-a

Caporal

clasa a II-a

Caporal

Clasa a I-a

Sergent Sergent

major

Plutonier Plutonier

major

Plutonier

adjutant

Plutonier adjutant

principal

Abbreviation Sold. Frt. Cap. III Cap. II Cap. I Sg. Sg. maj. Plt. Plt. maj. Plt. adj. Plt. adj. pr.
Warrant officers
Military insignia            
Title Maistru militar

clasa a V-a

Maistru militar

clasa a IV-a

Maistru militar

clasa a III-a

Maistru militar

clasa a II-a

Maistru militar

clasa a I-a

Maistru militar

principal

Abbreviation M. m. V M. m. IV M. m. III M. m. II M. m. I M. m. p.

Air Forces

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Commissioned Officers

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NATO Code OF-1 OF-2 OF-3 OF-4 OF-5 OF-6 OF-7 OF-8 OF-9 OF-10
Military insignia                      
Title Sublocotenent Locotenent Căpitan Locotenent comandor Căpitan comandor Comandor General de flotilă aeriană General maior General locotenent General Mareșal
Abbreviation Slt. Lt. Cpt. Lt. cdor. Cpt. cdor. Cdor. Gl. fl. aer. Gl. mr. Gl. lt. Gl. -

Enlisted ranks / Non-commissioned Officers / Warrant officers

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NATO Code OR-1 / OR-2 OR-3 OR-4 OR-5 OR-6 OR-7 OR-8 OR-9
Corp Enlisted ranks NCOs
Military insignia                      
Title Soldat Fruntaș Caporal

clasa a III-a

Caporal

clasa a II-a

Caporal

Clasa a I-a

Sergent Sergent

major

Plutonier Plutonier

major

Plutonier

adjutant

Plutonier adjutant

principal

Abbreviation Sold. Frt. Cap. III Cap. II Cap. I Sg. Sg. maj. Plt. Plt. maj. Plt. adj. Plt. adj. pr.
Warrant officers
Military insignia            
Title Maistru militar

clasa a V-a

Maistru militar

clasa a IV-a

Maistru militar

clasa a III-a

Maistru militar

clasa a II-a

Maistru militar

clasa a I-a

Maistru militar

principal

Abbreviation M. m. V M. m. IV M. m. III M. m. II M. m. I M. m. p.
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Commissioned Officers

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NATO Code OF-1 OF-2 OF-3 OF-4 OF-5 OF-6 OF-7 OF-8 OF-9 OF-10
Military insignia                      
Title Aspirant Locotenent Căpitan Locotenent comandor Căpitan comandor Comandor Contraamiral de flotilă Contraamiral Viceamiral Amiral Mareșal
Abbreviation Asp. Lt. Cpt. Lt. cdor. Cpt. cdor. Cdor. Cam. fl. Cam. Vam. Am. -

Enlisted ranks / Non-commissioned Officers / Warrant officers

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NATO Code OR-1 / OR-2 OR-3 OR-4 OR-5 OR-6 OR-7 OR-8 OR-9
Corp Enlisted ranks NCOs
Military insignia - - - - - - - - - - -
Title Soldat Fruntaș Caporal

clasa a III-a

Caporal

clasa a II-a

Caporal

Clasa a I-a

Sergent Sergent

major

Plutonier Plutonier

major

Plutonier

adjutant

Plutonier adjutant

principal

Abbreviation Sold. Frt. Cap. III Cap. II Cap. I Sg. Sg. maj. Plt. Plt. maj. Plt. adj. Plt. adj. pr.
Warrant officers
Military insignia            
Title Maistru militar

clasa a V-a

Maistru militar

clasa a IV-a

Maistru militar

clasa a III-a

Maistru militar

clasa a II-a

Maistru militar

clasa a I-a

Maistru militar

principal

Abbreviation M. m. V M. m. IV M. m. III M. m. II M. m. I M. m. p.

Military ranks in the Romanian army (previous names in parentheses: 1995, 1972)

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Corp Land Forces Air Forces Naval forces Military insignia
Generali și amirali General
(General de armată)
(General de armată)
General
(General inspector)
Amiral
(Amiral)
(-)
Patru stele
General-locotenent
(General de corp de armată)
(General-colonel)
General-locotenent
(General-comandor)
Viceamiral
(Viceamiral-comandor)
(Amiral)
Trei stele
General-maior
(General de divizie)
(General-locotenent)
General-maior
(General de divizie aeriană)
Contraamiral
(Viceamiral)
(Viceamiral)
Două stele
General de brigadă
(General de brigadă)
(General-maior)
General de flotilă aeriană
(General de flotilă aeriană)
Contraamiral de flotilă
(Contraamiral)
(Contraamiral)
O stea
Ofițeri Colonel Comandor Comandor
(Căpitan de rangul I)
Trei trese și un galon
Locotenent-colonel Căpitan-comandor Căpitan-comandor
(Căpitan de rangul II)
Două trese și un galon
Maior Locotenent-comandor Locotenent-comandor
(Căpitan de rangul III)
O tresă și un galon
Căpitan Căpitan Căpitan
(Căpitan locotenent)
Trei trese
(Locotenent major) (Locotenent major) (Locotenent major)
Locotenent Locotenent Locotenent Două trese
Sublocotenent Sublocotenent Aspirant O tresă
Maiștri militari Maistru militar principal Un galon plus cinci galoane drepte
Maistru militar cl. I Un galon plus patru galoane drepte
Maistru militar cl. II Un galon plus trei galoane drepte
Maistru militar cl. III Un galon plus două galoane drepte
Maistru militar cl. IV Un galon plus un galon drept
Maistru militar cl. V Un galon
Subofițeri Plutonier-adjutant principal Trei galoane de 16 mm și unul de 10 mm
Plutonier-adjutant Trei galoane de 16 mm
Plutonier-major Două galoane de 16 mm și unul de 10 mm
Plutonier Două galoane de 16 mm
Sergent-major Un galon de 16 mm și unul de 10
Sergent[6] Un galon de 20 mm
Gradați Caporal armata clasa I Trei V-uri[R 1], o coroană[R 2]
Caporal armata clasa a II-a Trei V-uri
Caporal armata clasa a III-a Două V-uri
Fruntaș Un V
Soldați Soldat No military insignia

References regarding military ranks

  1. ^ The Vs are arched, arranged transversely at a distance of 2 mm between them, with the tips pointing towards the shoulder, forming an angle of 90 degrees on the inside.
  2. ^ The ends of the last V are joined by a circular crown segment
Remarks
  • For paratroopers, the ranks are the same as for the land forces.
  • Warrant officers are assimilated to non-commissioned officers.

Notes

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  1. ^ Art. 3 of Law 80/1995 on the status of military personnel Archived 2008-07-08 at the Wayback Machine
  2. ^ Law no. 384 of October 10, 2006 regarding the status of professional soldiers Archived 2014-08-12 at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ Art. 94 of Law 80/1995 on the status of military personnel Archived 2008-07-08 at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ a b "Example of reverse hierarchy". Archived from the original on 2022-03-08. Retrieved 2017-05-18.
  5. ^ "Titles of functions not associated with military ranks" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-08-12. Retrieved 2014-08-10.
  6. ^ The military rank of sergeant is not provided for in the legislation in force

Bibliography

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