Cladogram
edit
|
Table
edit| Item | Taxon name | Article | Synonyms |
|---|---|---|---|
| Q15083 | Giraffa camelopardalis | Northern giraffe | |
| Q862089 | Giraffa | Giraffe | |
| Q110252274 | Giraffa camelopardalis | Northern giraffe | |
| Q2044659 | Giraffa camelopardalis antiquorum | Kordofan giraffe | |
| Q1093821 | Giraffa camelopardalis camelopardalis | Nubian giraffe | |
| Q781652 | Giraffa camelopardalis peralta | West African giraffe | |
| Q27497311 | Giraffa reticulata | Reticulated giraffe | Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata |
| Q27497247 | Giraffa tippelskirchi | Masai giraffe | Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi |
| Q110233047 | Giraffa tippelskirchi tippelskirchi | ||
| Q110256441 | Giraffa tippelskirchi thornicrofti | Thornicroft's giraffe | Giraffa camelopardalis thornicrofti |
| Q26840221 | Giraffa giraffa | Southern giraffe | |
| Q1093830 | Giraffa giraffa angolensis | Angolan giraffe | |
| Q28024462 | Giraffa giraffa giraffa | South African giraffe | |
| Q3755477 | Giraffa jumae | Giraffa jumae | |
| Q10289919 | Giraffa gracilis | ||
| Q17633034 | Giraffa pygmaea | Giraffa pygmaea | |
| Q30693479 | Giraffa priscilla | Giraffa priscilla | |
| Q30715965 | Giraffa sivalensis | Giraffa sivalensis | |
| Q30715967 | Giraffa stillei | Giraffa stillei | |
| Q104425991 | Giraffa pomeli | ||
| Q104426158 | Giraffa punjabiensis | ||
| Q53818198 | Giraffa camelopardalis angolensis | ||
| Q40501009 | Giraffa camelopardalis cottoni | ||
| Q2522576 | Giraffa camelopardalis giraffa | ||
| Q656059 | Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata | ||
| Q2222461 | Giraffa camelopardalis rothschildi | Rothschild's giraffe | |
| Q110253184 | Giraffa camelopardalis senegalensis | Senegalese giraffe | |
| Q1094164 | Giraffa camelopardalis thornicrofti | ||
| Q923524 | Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi | ||
| Q40501095 | Giraffa camelopardalis wardi | ||
| Q110262152 | Giraffa giraffa wardi | ||
| Q40501176 | Giraffa reticulata nigrescens | ||
| Q110263622 | Giraffa schillingsi |
References
edit- Brisson, Mathurin-Jacques; Richmond, Charles Wallace (1762). Regnum animale in classes IX. Distributum, sive, Synopsis methodica : Sistens generalem animalium distributionem in classes IX, & duarum primarum classium, quadrupedum scilicet & cetaceorum, particularem divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera & species : Cum brevi cuj A. [sic] D. Brisson. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.40361.
- Brünnich, M. Thr.; Stejneger, Leonhard (1772). M. Th. Brünnichii Zoologiae fundamenta praelectionibus academicis accommodata = Grunde i dyrelaeren. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.42672.
- Matschie, P. (1898-07-19). "Einige anscheinend noch nicht beschriebene Säugethiere aus Afrika". Sitzungs-Berichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin. 1898: 75–81. ISSN 0037-5942.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - De Winton, W.E. (1899). "XIX.—On the giraffe of Somaliland". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 4 (21): 211–212. doi:10.1080/00222939908678186.
- Lydekker, R. (1904). "On the Subspecies of Giraffa camelopardalis". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 74: 202–229. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1904.tb08288.x.
- Dagg, Anne Innis (1971). "Giraffa camelopardalis". Mammalian Species (5): 1–8. doi:10.2307/3503830. JSTOR 3503830.
- Wilson, Don E.; Reeder, Deeann M. (2005). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
- Hassanin, Alexandre; Ropiquet, Anne; Gourmand, Anne-Laure; Chardonnet, Bertrand; Rigoulet, Jacques (2007). "Mitochondrial DNA variability in Giraffa camelopardalis: Consequences for taxonomy, phylogeography and conservation of giraffes in West and central Africa". Comptes Rendus Biologies. 330 (3): 265–274. doi:10.1016/j.crvi.2007.02.008. PMID 17434121.
- Fennessy, Julian; Bidon, Tobias; Reuss, Friederike; Kumar, Vikas; Elkan, Paul; Nilsson, Maria A.; Vamberger, Melita; Fritz, Uwe; Janke, Axel (2016). "Multi-locus Analyses Reveal Four Giraffe Species Instead of One". Current Biology. 26 (18): 2543–2549. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2016.07.036. PMID 27618261. S2CID 3991170.
- Bercovitch, Fred B.; Berry, Philip S.M.; Dagg, Anne; Deacon, Francois; Doherty, John B.; Lee, Derek E.; Mineur, Frédéric; Muller, Zoe; Ogden, Rob; Seymour, Russell; Shorrocks, Bryan; Tutchings, Andy (2017). "How many species of giraffe are there?". Current Biology. 27 (4): R136–R137. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2016.12.039. PMID 28222287. S2CID 3356310.
- Winter, Sven; Fennessy, Julian; Janke, Axel (2018). "Limited introgression supports division of giraffe into four species". Ecology and Evolution. 8 (20): 10156–10165. doi:10.1002/ece3.4490. PMC 6206193. PMID 30397455.
- O'Connor, David; Stacy‐Dawes, Jenna; Muneza, Arthur; Fennessy, Julian; Gobush, Kathleen; Chase, Michael J.; Brown, Michael B.; Bracis, Chloe; Elkan, Paul; Zaberirou, Abdoul Razazk Moussa; Rabeil, Thomas; Rubenstein, Dan; Becker, Matthew S.; Phillips, Samantha; Stabach, Jared A.; Leimgruber, Peter; Glikman, Jenny A.; Ruppert, Kirstie; Masiaine, Symon; Mueller, Thomas (2019). "Updated geographic range maps for giraffe, Giraffa SPP., throughout sub‐Saharan Africa, and implications of changing distributions for conservation". Mammal Review. 49 (4): 285–299. doi:10.1111/mam.12165. S2CID 201196866.
- Petzold, Alice; Hassanin, Alexandre (2020). "A comparative approach for species delimitation based on multiple methods of multi-locus DNA sequence analysis: A case study of the genus Giraffa (Mammalia, Cetartiodactyla)". PLOS ONE. 15 (2): e0217956. Bibcode:2020PLoSO..1517956P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0217956. PMC 7018015. PMID 32053589.
- Petzold, Alice; Magnant, Anne-Sophie; Edderai, David; Chardonnet, Bertrand; Rigoulet, Jacques; Saint-Jalme, Michel; Hassanin, Alexandre (2020). "First insights into past biodiversity of giraffes based on mitochondrial sequences from museum specimens". European Journal of Taxonomy (703). doi:10.5852/ejt.2020.703. S2CID 225378200.
- Coimbra, Raphael T.F.; Winter, Sven; Kumar, Vikas; Koepfli, Klaus-Peter; Gooley, Rebecca M.; Dobrynin, Pavel; Fennessy, Julian; Janke, Axel (2021). "Whole-genome analysis of giraffe supports four distinct species". Current Biology. 31 (13): 2929–2938.e5. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2021.04.033. PMID 33957077. S2CID 233983230.
- Gippoliti, Spartaco; Robovský, Jan; Angelici, Francesco M. (2021). "Taxonomy and Translocations of African Mammals: A Plea for a Cautionary Approach". Conservation. 1 (2): 121–138. doi:10.3390/conservation1020011.
- How Giraffes Work. Oxford University Press. 2 July 2021. ISBN 978-0-19-757121-7.