| Test | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Egyptian hieroglyphs | Proto-Sinaitic scripts[A] | Phoenician alphabet | Name[2] | Meaning | Corresponding letter in | ||||||||||||||
| unsourced 1[B] | unsourced 2[C] | unsourced 3[D] | svg set 1[E] | Image | Text | Variant | Samaritan | Hebrew | |||||||||||
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𓃾 | 
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𐤀 | 
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ʾālep | head of cattle (אלף) | ࠀ | א | |||||||||
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𓉐 | 
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𐤁 | 
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bēt | house (בית) | ࠁ | ב | |||||||||
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𓌙 | 
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𐤂 | 
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gīml | throwing stick (?) | ࠂ | ג | |||||||||
|
 
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𓇯 |   [F]
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𐤃 | 
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dālet | door (דלת) | ࠃ | ד | |||||||||
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𓀠? | 
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𐤄 | 
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hē | jubilation/window[5] | ࠄ | ה | |||||||||
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𓏲 | 
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𐤅 | 
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wāw | hook (וו) | ࠅ | ו | |||||||||
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𓏭 |  [G]
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𐤆 | 
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zayin | weapon (זין) | ࠆ | ז | |||||||||
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𓉗 𓈈? |
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𐤇 | 
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ḥēt(?) | courtyard/thread[5] | ࠇ | ח | |||||||||
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 [H]
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𓄤? | 
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𐤈 | 
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ṭēt | wheel (?)[6] | ࠈ | ט | |||||||||
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𓂝 |  
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𐤉 | 
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yōd | arm, hand (יד) | ࠉ | י | |||||||||
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𓂧 | 
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𐤊 | 
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kāp | palm of a hand (כף) | ࠊ | כ ך
| |||||||||
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𓌅 | 
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𐤋 | 
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lāmed | goad (למד)[7] | ࠋ | ל | |||||||||
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𓈖 | 
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𐤌 | 
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mēm | water (מים) | ࠌ | מ ם | |||||||||
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𓆓 | 
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𐤍 | 
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nūn | fish (נון)[8] | ࠍ | נן | |||||||||
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𓊽 |    [I]
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𐤎 | 
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sāmek | pillar, support (סמך[9]) | ࠎ | ס | |||||||||
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𓁹 | 
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𐤏 | 
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ʿayin | eye (עין) | ࠏ | ע | |||||||||
| [J]
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| ||||||||||||||||||
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𓂋 | 
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𐤐 | 
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pē | mouth (פה) | ࠐ | פ ף | |||||||||
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𓇑?[10] |   
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𐤑 | 
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ṣādē | ?[11] | ࠑ | צ ץ | |||||||||
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𓃻? | 
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𐤒 | 
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qōp | ?[12] | ࠒ | ק | |||||||||
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𓁶 | 
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𐤓 | 
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rēš | head (ריש) | ࠓ | ר | |||||||||
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𐤔 | 
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šīn | tooth (שין) | ࠔ | שׁ ש | |||||||||||
|
  
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𓌓[K] | 
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śin | שׂ | ||||||||||||||
 [L]
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thāw | mark, sign (תו) | ࠕ | ת | |||||||||||||||
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𓏴 | 
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𐤕 | 
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tāw | תּ | |||||||||||
References
editNotes
edit- ^ The earliest date of this script may be around 1850 BC or around 1550 BC. Two discoveries on Wadi el-Hol added support for the earliest date (1850 BC).[1]
- ^ on History of the Hebrew alphabet
- ^ on article Proto-Sinaitic script
- ^ on article Phoenician alphabet
- ^ on article Proto-Sinaitic script. Phonetic in IPA and catalogue code,[3] and names and meanings.[4]
- ^ fish on Albright's table,[4] but not on Proto-Sinaitic script
- ^ Albright only knew the phonetic.[4]. Simons knew additional phonetic «z».[3]
- ^ not in Proto-Sinaitic script. From Simon's table.[3]
- ^ not in Proto-Sinaitic script. Appearing in Hungarian Wikipedia.
- ^ needs source.
- ^ See Shin (letter): The Encyclopaedia Judaica, 1972, records that the Phoenician letter šin (𐤔) originally represented a composite bow. TEJ 2007, records that Proto-Canaanite shin was drawn as a pictograph of a composite bow.
- ^ not appearing in History of the Hebrew alphabet. Seen in Bangla, French, Italian and Russian Wikipedia. See Shin (letter): The Phoenician šin (𐤔) may have been based on a pictogram of a tooth.[13]
Citations
edit- ^ Simons 2011, pp. 24.
- ^ after Fischer, Steven R. (2001). A History of Writing. London: Reaction Books. p. 126.
- ^ a b c Simons 2011, pp. 38.
- ^ a b c Albright 1966, pp. 10.
- ^ a b The letters he and ḥēt continue three Proto-Sinaitic letters, ḥasir "courtyard", hillul "jubilation" and ḫayt "thread". The shape of ḥēt continues ḥasir "courtyard", but the name continues ḫayt "thread". The shape of he continues hillul "jubilation" but the name means "window".[citation needed] see: He (letter)#Origins.
- ^ The glyph was taken to represent a wheel, but it possibly derives from the hieroglyph nefer hieroglyph 𓄤 and would originally have been called tab טוב "good".
- ^ The root l-m-d mainly means "to teach", from an original meaning "to goad". H3925 in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979.
- ^ the letter name nūn is a word for "fish", but the glyph is presumably from the depiction of a snake, which would point to an original name נחש "snake".
- ^ H5564 in Strong's Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979.
- ^ the letter name may be from צד "to hunt".
- ^ the letter name may be from צד "to hunt".
- ^ "The old explanation, which has again been revived by Halévy, is that it denotes an 'ape,' the character Q being taken to represent an ape with its tail hanging down. It may also be referred to a Talmudic root which would signify an 'aperture' of some kind, as the 'eye of a needle,' [...] Lenormant adopts the more usual explanation that the word means a 'knot'." Isaac Taylor, History of the Alphabet: Semitic Alphabets, Part 1, 2003.
- ^ Albright 1948, pp. 15.
Sources
edit- Simons, Frank (2011). "Proto-Sinaitic – Progenitor of the Alphabet" (PDF). Rosetta. 9.
- Albright, William Foxwell (1966). The Proto-Sinaitic Inscriptions and Their Decipherment. Harvard University Press.
- Albright, William Foxwell (1948). "The Early Alphabetic Inscriptions from Sinai and their Decipherment". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research. 110 (110): 6–22. doi:10.2307/3218767. JSTOR 3218767. S2CID 163924917.