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User:HLHJ/sandbox/Sugar industry funding and health information/RFC

< User:HLHJ | sandbox | Sugar industry funding and health information

Written as a section of the sugar article and the subject of dispute on Talk:Sugar

Sugar refiners and manufacturers of sugary foods and drinks have sought to influence medical research and public health recommendations,[1][2] with substantial spending documented from the 1960s to 2016.[3][4][5][6] The results of research on the health effects of sugary food and drink differ significantly, depending on whether the researcher has financial ties to the food and drink industry.[7][8][9] The authors of a 2016 review[7] of funding bias concluded that "This industry seems to be manipulating contemporary scientific processes to create controversy and advance their business interests at the expense of the public's health". A 2013 review concluded that "unhealthy commodity industries should have no role in the formation of national or international NCD [non-communicable disease] policy".[10]

The Sugar Research Foundation, a trade association for the sugar industry, conceived, funded, and participated in an influential 1967 medical review in response to other medical research. It was called "SRF Funds Project 226", and published as "Dietary Fats, Carbohydrates and Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease".[11][3] While this took place in 1965-1967, it was documented in a 2016 JAMA Internal Medicine publication[3] which reviewed industry documents. Taking into account "other recent analyses of sugar industry documents", the review concludes that such actions were part of a wider industry-sponsored research program in the 1960s and 1970s. It also concludes that "Policymaking committees should consider giving less weight to food industry–funded studies".[3]

The U.S. National Institute of Dental Research's 1971 National Caries Program was lobbied by the sugar industry, which substantially influenced the types of research the caries program called for. Research on food cariogenicity that could have harmed the sugar industry was omitted from funding priorities. The NIDR's public health task force on caries and an industry task force on caries had almost exactly the same members. The NIDR copied 78% of the industry groups' report into their own, with portions being copied verbatim.[4]

Industry groups criticised the evidence behind the World Health Organization 2003 recommended limit on free sugar consumption. When the WHO updated the recommendations, a decade later, it commissioned two reviews, and found support for both the earlier recommendation and a new, stricter one.[12]

In 2011, the competing Corn Refiners Association (which makes sugar syrups) and the Sugar Association became involved in a lawsuit against one another, which continued as of 2015.[13] In the course of this lawsuit, numerous internal documents were made public. These revealed funding of over $10 million to James Rippe for health research and media outreach, and a combined $4 million to Citizens for Health and Center for Consumer Freedom, which publicly opposed one another's views on the healthiness of the rival products without acknowledging their funding (such shilling is legal following the Citizens United ruling).[14][15][16]

In 2015, it was reported that Coca-cola was paying millions to promote public health messages. The money went to researchers, dietitians, health experts, research organizations, and professional associations, among others.[17][9]

Following this media attention, Coca-cola released information on almost $120 million U.S. dollars given out to medical, health and community organizations between 2010 and 2015. [18]These include $29 million for academic research; the largest donation was $7.5 million to Louisiana State University's Pennington Biomedical Research Center.[19] Coca-cola has now announced that it will "pull back" (reporter's phrasing) from funding health experts and obesity research, in order to improve its transparency.[19]

A 2016 investigation of PepsiCo and Coca-cola sponsorship and lobbying found funding going to "63 public health groups, 19 medical organizations, seven health foundations, five government groups and two food supply groups", including the National Institutes of Health, the American Diabetes Association, and professional associations of medical specialists.[20][6] They found evidence that PepsiCo had funded 14% of the organizations, and Coca-cola had funded 99%. However, the authors suspect this difference is overestimated; Coca-cola had recently released some funding data (see previous paragraph), while, they say, PepsiCo is “known for making its sponsorship data extremely difficult to track”.[20]


References

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  1. ^ Mozaffarian, Dariush (2017-05-02). "Conflict of Interest and the Role of the Food Industry in Nutrition Research". JAMA. 317 (17): 1755. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.3456. ISSN 0098-7484.
  2. ^ Anderson, P.; Miller, D. (2015-02-11). "Commentary: Sweet policies". BMJ. 350 (feb10 16): –780-h780. doi:10.1136/bmj.h780. ISSN 1756-1833. Retrieved 2018-03-23.
  3. ^ a b c d Kearns, C. E.; Schmidt, L. A; Glantz, S. A (2016). "Sugar Industry and Coronary Heart Disease Research: A Historical Analysis of Internal Industry Documents". JAMA Internal Medicine. 176 (11): 1680–85. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.5394. PMC 5099084. PMID 27617709.
  4. ^ a b Kearns, Cristin E.; Glantz, Stanton A.; Schmidt, Laura A. (2015-03-10). "Sugar Industry Influence on the Scientific Agenda of the National Institute of Dental Research's 1971 National Caries Program: A Historical Analysis of Internal Documents". PLOS Medicine. 12 (3). Simon Capewell (ed.): –1001798. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001798. ISSN 1549-1676. Retrieved 2018-03-21.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  5. ^ Flint, Stuart W. (2016-08-01). "Are we selling our souls? Novel aspects of the presence in academic conferences of brands linked to ill health". J Epidemiol Community Health. 70 (8): 739–740. doi:10.1136/jech-2015-206586. ISSN 0143-005X. PMID 27009056. Retrieved 2018-03-25.(second issn: 1470-2738)
  6. ^ a b Aaron, Daniel G.; Siegel, Michael B. (January 2017). "Sponsorship of National Health Organizations by Two Major Soda Companies". American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 52 (1): 20–30. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2016.08.010. ISSN 0749-3797. Retrieved 2018-03-23.
  7. ^ a b Schillinger, Dean; Tran, Jessica; Mangurian, Christina; Kearns, Cristin (2016-12-20). "Do Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Cause Obesity and Diabetes? Industry and the Manufacture of Scientific Controversy" (PDF). Annals of Internal Medicine. 165 (12): 895. doi:10.7326/L16-0534. ISSN 0003-4819. Retrieved 2018-03-21.(orignal url, paywalled: Author's conflict of interest disclosure forms)
  8. ^ Bes-Rastrollo, Maira; Schulze, Matthias B.; Ruiz-Canela, Miguel; Martinez-Gonzalez, Miguel A. (2013). "Financial conflicts of interest and reporting bias regarding the association between sugar-sweetened beverages and weight gain: a systematic review of systematic reviews". PLoS medicine. 10 (12): –1001578. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001578.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  9. ^ a b O’Connor, Anahad (2016-10-31). "Studies Linked to Soda Industry Mask Health Risks". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-03-23.
  10. ^ Moodie, Rob; Stuckler, David; Monteiro, Carlos; Sheron, Nick; Neal, Bruce; Thamarangsi, Thaksaphon; Lincoln, Paul; Casswell, Sally (2013-02-23). "Profits and pandemics: prevention of harmful effects of tobacco, alcohol, and ultra-processed food and drink industries". The Lancet. 381 (9867): 670–679. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)62089-3. ISSN 0140-6736. Retrieved 2018-03-24.
  11. ^ original publication referred to, not cited as an information source: McGandy, Robert B.; Hegsted, D.M.; Stare, F. J. (1967-07-27). "Dietary Fats, Carbohydrates and Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease". New England Journal of Medicine. 277 (4): 186–192. doi:10.1056/NEJM196707272770405. ISSN 1533-4406. Retrieved 2018-03-21.
  12. ^ "The science behind the sweetness in our diets" (PDF). Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 92 (11): 780–781. 2014-11-01. doi:10.2471/BLT.14.031114. ISSN 0042-9686. Retrieved 2018-03-23.
  13. ^ "Western Sugar Litigation Case History". 2015-11-09.
  14. ^ Lipton, Eric (2014-02-11). "Rival Industries Sweet-Talk the Public". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-03-23.
  15. ^ Hamburger, Tom (2014-02-12). "'Soft lobbying' war between sugar, corn syrup shows new tactics in Washington influence: Inside the secretive war between sugar and corn syrup". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2018-03-23.
  16. ^ "Stealth Lobbying Used to Tout Sugar Over Rival Corn Syrup". Bloomberg.com. 2012-09-18. Retrieved 2018-03-23.
  17. ^ O’Connor, Anahad (2015-08-09). "Coca-Cola Funds Scientists Who Shift Blame for Obesity Away From Bad Diets". Well. Retrieved 2018-03-24.
  18. ^ O’Connor, Anahad (2015-09-22). "Coke Discloses Millions in Grants for Health Research and Community Programs". Well. Retrieved 2018-05-11.
  19. ^ a b O'Connor, Anahad (2015-09-28). "Coke Spends Lavishly on Pediatricians and Dietitians". Well. Retrieved 2018-03-23.
  20. ^ a b Sifferlin, Alexandra (2016-10-10). "Soda Companies Fund 96 Health Groups In the U.S." Time. Retrieved 2018-03-24.
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