User:Ham105/sandbox/p32

Ranges

Note: A change from a preference for two digits, to a preference for four digits, on the right side of year–year ranges was implemented in July 2016 per this RFC.

• Use a dash, or a word such as from or between, but not both: from 1881 to 1886 (not from 1881–1886);  between June 1 and July 3 (not between June 1 – July 3)

Simple ranges: year–year, day–day, month–month

• A simple year–year range is written using an en dash (– or {{ndash}}) not an em dash, hyphen or slash; this dash is usually unspaced (that is, with no space on either side); and the range's end year is usually given in full:
  • 1881–1886;  1881–1992 (not 1881–86;  1881 – 1992)
  • Markup: 1881{{ndash}}1886 or 1881–1886
  • Two-digit ending years (1881–82, but never 1881–882 or 1881–2) may be used in any of the following cases: (1) two consecutive years; (2) infoboxes and tables where space is limited (using a single format consistently in any given table column); and (3) in certain topic areas if there is a very good reason, such as matching the established convention of reliable sources.
  • The slash notation (2005/2006) may be used to signify a fiscal year or other special period, if that convention is used in reliable sources.
• Other "simple" ranges use an unspaced en dash as well:
  • day–day: 5–7 January 1979;  January 5–7, 1979;  elections were held March 5–8
  • month–month: the 1940 peak period was May–July;  the peak period was May–July 1940;  (but the peak period was May 1940 – July 1940 uses a spaced en dash; see below)

• An overnight period may be expressed using a slash between two contiguous dates: the night raids of 30/31 May 1942 or raids of 31 May / 1 June 1942.

  Or use an en dash: (unspaced) raids of 30–31 May 1942;  (spaced) raids of 31 May – 1 June 1942.

Ranges where items are spaced

• If at least one of the items on either side of the en dash contains a space, then a spaced en dash ({{snd}}) is used:
  • between specific dates in different months: They travelled June 3 – August 18, 1952;  They travelled 3 June – 18 August 1952
  • between dates in different years:
    • Charles Robert Darwin (12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist ...
    • Markup: 12{{nbsp}}February 1809{{snd}}19{{nbsp}}April 1882 or 12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882
    • Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was the 16th President of ...
  • between months in different years: The exception was in force August 1892 – January 1903;  The Ghent Incursion (March 1822 – January 1, 1823) was ended by the New Year's Treaty
    • Markup: March 1822{{snd}}January{{nbsp}}1, 1823 or March 1822 – January 1, 1823
  • Where circa or other modifiers are used: reigned c. 1393 – 1414 (see Uncertain, incomplete, or approximate dates)

Date range to the present

• Constructions such as 1982–present (with unspaced ndash), January 1, 2011 – present (spaced ndash), or January 2011 – present (spaced ndash) may be used where appropriate, but other constructions may be more appropriate in prose (see § Statements likely to become outdated). In tables and infoboxes where space is limited, pres. may be used (1982–pres.).

  Do not use incomplete-looking constructions such as 1982– and 1982–... .

Biographical dates

• For a person still living: Serena Williams (born September 26, 1981) is a ..., not (September 26, 1981 – ) or (born on September 26, 1981).

  Do not use * to indicate born; use b. only where space is limited e.g. tables and infoboxes; use either born or b. consistently in any given table column.

• Where birthdate is unknown: John Smith (died May 1, 1622) or John Smith (died 1622)

  Do not use † to indicate died; use d. only where space is limited, with consistency within any given table column.

• The {{Age}} template can keep ages current in infoboxes and so on:
  • {{age|1989|7|23}} returns: 35
  • {{age|1989|7|23}}-year-old returns: 35-year-old
  • {{age|1989|7|23}} years old returns: 35 years old
• Date mathematics templates are available for other age calculations.