To do
editSmall Hellenistic/Parthian era kingdoms
editOther stuff
editExpand:
Poets, authors
editExpand:
- Farrukhi Sistani
- Shams Tabrizi
- Hamdallah Mustawfi
- Ubayd Zakani
- Ferdowsi
- Daqiqi
- Ibn al-Muqaffa'
- Abu Sahl 'Isa ibn Yahya al-Masihi
- Abu Bakr Rabee Ibn Ahmad Al-Akhawyni Bokhari
Viziers
editExpand:
- Mihr Narseh
- Sahib ibn Abbad
- Shaykh Ali Khan Zanganeh
- Khalifeh Sultan
- Nizam al-Mulk
- Al-Fadl ibn Sahl
- Abu'l-Fadl al-Bal'ami
- Sukhra
- Shams al-Din Juvayni
- Ata-Malik Juvayni
- Mirza Salman Jaberi
Create:
Achaemenid/Parthian/Sasanian monarchs 550 BC–651 CE
editLong-term goal: bring the majority of Parthian/Sasanian monarchs to GA. Not possible to bring all of them to GA due to lack of information.
Median
edit- Deioces (727-675 BC)
Achaemenid
edit- Cyrus the Great (559-530 BC) -> article is generally messy and needs a complete rewrite
- Cambyses II (530 BC–522 BC) - page 93
- Darius II (423 BC–403 BC)
- Artaxerxes II (403 BC–358 BC)
- Artaxerxes III (358 BC–338 BC)
- Arses of Persia (338 BC–336 BC)
- Darius III (336 BC–330 BC)
- Bessus (330 BC–329 BC)
Arsacid/Parthian
edit- Arsaces I of Parthia (247–217 BC)
- Priapatius (191–176 BC)
- Phraates I (170/168–165/64 BC)
- Mithridates I of Parthia (171-132 BC) -> name, early coin type
- Phraates II (132-127 BC) -> Shayegan, p. 128
- Artabanus I of Parthia (127-124/3 BC)
- Mithridates II of Parthia (124-88 BC)
- Gotarzes I (91–87/80 BC)
- Orodes I (85–80 BC)
- Phraates III (69–57 BC)
- Orodes II (57–37 BC)
- Pacorus I (39 BC)
- Phraates IV (37–2 BC)
- Musa (2 BC–4 AD)
- Phraates V (2 BC-2 CE)
- Vardanes I (40-46)
- Gotarzes II (40–51)
- Vologases I of Parthia (51–78)
- Pacorus II (78–110)
- Osroes I§ (109–129)
- Vologases III of Parthia (110–147)
- Vologases IV (147–191)
- Vologases V (191–208)
- Vologases VI (208–228)
- Artabanus IV of Parthia (213–224)
Sasanian
edit- Ardashir I (224–242)
- Shapur I (240–270)
- Hormizd I (270–271) ->
mention his mother, the daughter of Mihrak - Bahram I (271–274) -> perhaps more emphasis about what years he in reality reigned, as there is more than one timeline of years of rule ascribed to him. Perhaps more emphasis about his relation with Mani as well (though it may have in reality been Narseh who dealt with Mani during his term as governor of Sakastan; this is still obsecure though and will be further analysed in future sources)
- Bahram II (274–293)
- Bahram III (293)
- Narseh (293–302)
- Hormizd II (302–309)
- Shapur II (309–379)
- Ardashir II (379–383) -> needs expanding in relief section (?)
- Shapur III (383–388)
- Bahram IV (388–399)
- Yazdegerd I (399–420) -> his brief persecution at the end of his reign, how the Christians viewed him, his comparison to Constantine the Great, the Mithraitic legend of his death, "Even the native tradition ([3])"
- Bahram V (420–438) ->
add Mikalid claim, add Buyid claim, Haft Peykar fix, add Hasht Bihisht, expand Byzantine war, fix coin section, bit more on Armenia - Yazdegerd II (438–457) ->
the actual reason behind his war against the Romans needs to be mentioned,more detail regarding his war against the Hephthalites,and Fereydun and his three sons receving each part of the ancient world - Hormizd III (457–459)
- Peroz I (459–484) ->
Sasanian characteristics of the Bolnisi Sioni,Sindh mint, famine, relations with the Mihranids, Judaism,relations with Mihr Narseh, Zurvanism, crowns,mby assessment and legacy? - Balash (484–488)
- Kavad I (488–531) ->
more details on background/state of the Sasanian Empire,more details on the Mazdakite movement, his sons (Jamasp and Kawus),his date of birth,Justinians efforts to turn Yemen against Kavad,the Sasanians being accepted as legitimate monarchs of the Christians under Kavad,the loss of Khorasanand death of Kavad's brothers in 484,how his sister/wife helped him escape,unlikely for him to being captured after Peroz's loss, due to in reality not being born at that time, Historiography (?) - Khosrow I (531–579)
- Hormizd IV (579–590) -> overthrow and fall: vinduyih, imprisonment of nobles, need to mention his brief imprisonment, his policies (background of the Parthian-Sasanian partnership, his attempt to remove the Parthians, make the Sasanians an absolute monarchy,
and war against the Byzantines) - Khosrow II (590-628)
- Bahram Chobin§ (590–591)
- Vistahm§ (591–596)
- Kavad II (628) -> mention how many historians criticize the execution of his brothers, even considering to play a key-role in the downfall of the Sasanian Empire. mention how Pourshariati considered Kavad II to a be puppet of the grandees, such as Piruz Khosrow, and how the army had split up into three (Shahrbaraz, Adurbadagan, and Nemroz). mention Kavad II's relation with Shirin and how he is portrayed in Persian literature. expand Coinage and Religious Policy sections.
- Ardashir III (628–629)
- Shahrbaraz (630)
- Boran (629-632)
- Azarmidokht (630-631)
- Farrukh Hormizd§ (630–631)
- Yazdegerd III (632–651)
In the 5th-century, the mythological term of Turan came to denote the lands above the Oxus River, i.e. Transoxiana, which the Hunnic tribes ruled. In Iranian mythology, the Turanians were the ancient rivals of the Iranians and worshippers of the devil Ahriman.[1][2] -> Payne, Richard (2016). "The Making of Turan: The Fall and Transformation of the Iranian East in Late Antiquity". Journal of Late Antiquity. 9. Johns Hopkins University Press: 4–41. doi:10.1353/jla.2016.0011. S2CID 156673274.
Achaemenid/Seleucid/Parthian/Sasanian related articles
editExpand:
- "In any case, the presence of Iranians other than Persians around the king is not open to doubt" - From Cyrus to Alexander: A History of the Persian Empire, p. 352
- Derafsh Kaviani
- Atropates
- Datames
- Mazaeus
- Ariobarzanes of Persis
- Roxana
- Andragoras (Seleucid satrap)
- Wahbarz
- Hyspaosines
- Battle of Hormozdgan
- Battle of Avarayr
- Kartir
- Administrative divisions of the Sasanian Empire
- Rostam Farrokhzad
- Bahman Jaduya
- Piruz Khosrow
- Anahid fire-temple
- Muslim conquest of Persia
- Jalinus J¯ al¯ın¯us
Iranian intermezzo
editExpand:
Create:
Iranians in Asia Minor
editExpand:
Armenia
editExpand:
Safavid, Afsharid, Zand, and Qajar kings
editLong-term goal: bring the majority of Safavid, Afsharid, Zand, and Qajar kings to GA.
- Ismail I (1501–1524)
- Tahmasp I (1524–1576)
- Ismail II (1576–1577)
- Mohammad Khodabanda (1577–1587)
- Abbas I (1587–1629)
- Safi (1629–1642)
- Abbas II (1642–1666)
- Suleiman I (1666–1694)
- Sultan Husayn (1694-1722)
- Tahmasp II (1722–1732)
- Abbas III (1732–1736)
- Nader Shah (1736–1747)
- Karim Khan Zand (1751–1779)
- Sadeq Khan Zand (1779–1781)
- Lotf Ali Khan (1789–1794)
- Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar (1789–1797)
Medieval Iranian kings
editKings in Gilan/Daylam/Mazandaran
editExpand:
- Asfar ibn Shiruya
- Mardavij
- Vushmgir
- Farrukhzad
- Mazyar
- Farrukhan the Great
- Shah Ghazi Rustam
- Adhar Valash
Seljuq rulers and officials
editExpand:
Ghaznavid rulers and officials
editExpand:
Timurid era
editGhiyas al-Din Pir Ahmad Khvafi and his son Majd al-Din Muhammad Khvafi - Timurids in transition
M�rak - Timurids in transition
Regions/Provinces/Peoples
editExpand:
- Bactria
- Khwarazm
- Tabaristan
- Parthia
- Daylamites
- Spahan (province)
- Makuran
- Nodardashiragan
- Mazun
- Gurgan (Sasanian province)
- Khuzistan (Sasanian province)
Cities
editExpand:
Safavid Mazandaran
editVelāyat-i Māzandarān ولیتای مازندران | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Province of the Safavid dynasty | |||||||||||||
1504–1736 | |||||||||||||
Map of northern Iran. | |||||||||||||
Capital | Sari | ||||||||||||
History | |||||||||||||
• Established | 1504 | ||||||||||||
• Disestablished | 1736 | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
Today part of | Iran |
The Mazandaran province (Persian: ولیتای مازندران, romanized: Velāyat-e Māzandarān) was a province of the Safavid Empire, which almost corresponded to the present-day province of Mazandaran.
History
editIn 1596, Farhad Khan was appointed as the governor of Mazandaran. However, the province was still ruled by various vassal rulers, whom Farhad Khan took action against; before the upcoming year, Farhad Khan had seized Hezarjarib and after a two-month siege, captured the capital of the province, Amol, killing its local ruler Sayyid Muzaffar. After having successfully subjugated Mazandaran, Farhad Khan left the province under the control of one of his other brothers, Alvand Sultan.[3] However, the Paduspanid ruler Bahman of Larijan shortly rebelled against the latter, but was defeated by Farhad Khan, who seized Larijan, Nur and Kojur. Farhad Khan then advanced to Savadkuh, which he had by 1597 captured, thus subduing all of Mazandaran.[3]
List of governors
editDate | Governor |
---|---|
1510-? | Mir Sayyed Sharif |
1511-? | Agha Rostam Ruzafzun |
1512-1521 | Agha Mohammad Ruzafzun |
1512-1521 | Abdol-Karim |
? | Sayyed Qavam al-Din |
1564 | Mir Abdollah Khan |
1564 | Mir Morad Khan |
? | Mir Abdol-Karim |
?-1576 | Soltan Hoseyn Mirza |
1576 | Soltan Mohammad Khan |
1576-1577 | Mir Ali Khan |
1578 (?) | Sayyed Mozaffar Morteza'i |
?-1580 | Mir Morad |
1595-1596 | Rule by several chieftains |
1596-1598 | Farhad Khan Qaramanlu |
1594-1607 | Mirzay Alameyn |
?-1600 | Mir Abol-Qasem |
1600-? | Agha Mohammad Abhari |
1607–1609 | Kvajeh Mohammad Shafi |
1609-? | Mirza Abu'l-Qasem Torshizi |
1611-1634 | Saru Taqi |
1634-1642 | Mohammad Saleh Beg |
1642-1653 | Mirza Qasem |
1653-? | Mirza Sadeq |
1675 | Mirza Hashem |
1699-? | Ma'sum Beg |
References
edit- ^ Payne 2015b, p. 284.
- ^ Payne 2016, pp. 5, 27–28.
- ^ a b Matthee 1999.
Sources
edit- Floor, Willem M. (2008). Titles and Emoluments in Safavid Iran: A Third Manual of Safavid Administration, by Mirza Naqi Nasiri. Washington, DC: Mage Publishers. pp. 1–337. ISBN 978-1933823232.
- Matthee, Rudi (1999). "FARHĀD KHAN QARAMĀNLŪ, ROKN-AL-SALṬANA". Encyclopaedia Iranica.
Marashis
editList of rulers
editThe rulers in italics were not from the Marashi family.
Sari
edit- Qavam al-Din I 1357-1362
- Kamal al-Din I 1362-1393
- Jamshid Karin Ghawri 1393-1404
- Shams al-Din Karin Ghawri 1404-1406
- Ali Sari (abans d'Amor) 1406-1410
- Yahya (associat) 1406-1410
- Sharaf al-Din (associat) 1406-1410
- Murtada I 1410-1411
- Ali Sari (2a vegada) 1411-1417
- Murtada I (2a vegada) 1417-1433
- Shams al-Din Mohammad 1433-1452
- Abdollah I 1452
- Abdol-Karim I 1452-1459
- Abu Said ibn Muhammad de Transoxiana 1459-1460
- Abdol-Karim I 1460 (second reign)
- Abu Said ibn Muhammad de Transoxiana 1460 (second reign)
- Mahmud ibn Abu Saïd 1460-1461
- Abdol-Karim I 1461 (tercera vegada)
- Abdollah I 1461-1462 (second reign)
- Kamal al-Din II 1462-1463
- Abdollah 1463-1465 (tercera vegada)
- Mir Qavan 1465
- Abdollah 1465-1467 (quarta vegada)
- Zeyn al-Abedin 1467-1470
- Abdol-Karim II 1470-1471
- Zeyn al Abedin 1471-1476 (second reign)
- Abdol-Karim II 1476-1477 (second reign) també a Amol governant tot Mazanderan
Amol
edit- Qavam al-Din I 1357-1362
- Rida al-Din 1362-1393
- Iskandar-i Shaykhi 1393-1403
- Ali (Ali Sari) 1403-1406
- Ghiyath al-Din (associat) 1403-1406
- Qavam al-Din II 1406-1407
- Ali Amoli 1407-1412
- Qavam al-Din II 1412-1415 (second reign)
- Ali Amoli 1415-1420 (second reign)
- Qavam al-Din 1420-1435 (third reign)
- Kamal al-Din 1435-1440
- Abdol-Karim 1440-1441
- Kamal al-Din 1441 (second reign)
- Murtada 1441
- Kamal al-Din 1441-1442 (third reign)
- Murtada 1442-1443 (second reign)
- Kamal al-Din 1443-1445 (quarta vegada)
- Murtada 1445-1453 (third reign)
- Shams al-Din 1453-1460
- Asad Allah 1460-1472
- Ibrahim 1472-1473
- Asad Allah 1473-1474 (second reign)
- Hasan 1474-1475
- Asad Allah 1475-1476 (third reign)
- Abd al-Karim (II de Sari i d'Amol, III sayyid marashi) 1476-1477 (governa Sari i Amol, o sigui tot el Mazanderan)
Mazandaran
edit- Zeyn al-Abedin (third reign in Sari and Amol) 1477-1480
- Abdol-Karim II (third reign in Sari and Amol) 1480-1481
- Zeyn al-Abedin (fourth reign in Sari and Amol) 1481-1486
- Shams al-Din (I de Sari i II d'Amol) 1486-1487
- Abdol-Karim II (fourth reign a Sari i tercera a Amol) 1487-1488
- Annexió a l'emirat dels qara qoyunlu 1488-1490
- Abdol-Karim II (fifth reign in Sari and Amol) 1490-1491
- Annexió a l'emirat dels qara qoyunlu 1491-1492
- Shams al-Din (I de Sari i II d'Amol, second reign) 1492-1500
- Kamal al-Din III de Sari (II d'Amol) 1500-1503
- Abdol-Karim II (sixth reign a Sari-Barfurushdih i cinquena a Amol-1/2) 1503-1510
- Agha Rostam Ruzafzun, regent 1503-1510
- Abdol-Karim II (seventh reign in Sari and Amol) 1510-1526
- Mohammad ibn Rostam Ruzafzun, regent vers 1412-1415
- Mohammad ibn Rostam Ruzafzun 1526-1546
- Sultan Mahmud (in Barfurusdih) 1526-1527
- Amir Shahi (in Barfurushdih) 1527-1531
- Agha Rostam ibn Mohammad Ruzafzun 1546-1550
- Suhrab 1550
- Mir Abdollah Khan II 1550-1561
- Sultan Morad I 1561-1576
- Mir Khan Mahmud 1576-1577 (part)
- Hasan Mirza 1576-1577 (part)
- Mir Khan Mahmud 1577-1578 (sol)
- Mir Ali Khan 1578-1579
- Khayr al-Nisa Begum 1579-1580
- Sultan Morad II 1580-1596
index
editList of cities founded by the Sasanians
editCoronation of the Sasanian monarch
editThe Coronation of the Sasanian monarch was a ceremony in which the King of Kings (shahanshah) was formally invested with a crown.
Al-Nasawi
editAl-Nasawi was born in the fortress of Khurandiz, which was close to the town of Zaydar and formed a part of the outposts of Nasa. Al-Nasawi reports that his family had inhabited the area since the spread of Islam there.
Kings of Armenia 12–428
editKing | Reign | Comments |
---|---|---|
Vonones I | 12–18 | Former king of the Parthian Empire |
Artaxias III | 19–34 | Vassal of Rome |
Arsaces I | 34–35 | Vassal of the Parthian Empire |
Mithridates | 35–37 | Vassal of Rome |
Orodes | 37–42 | Vassal of Rome |
Mithridates | 42–51 | Vassal of Rome |
Rhadamistus | 51–53 | Vassal of Rome |
Tiridates I | 52–58 | Vassal of the Parthian Empire |
Tigranes VI of Armenia | 68–53 BC | |
Interregnum | 53–52 BC | |
Ma'nu II | 52–34 BC | |
Paqor | 34–29 BC | |
Abgar III | 29–26 BC | |
Abgar IV Sumaqa | 26–23 BC | |
Ma'nu III Saflul | 23–4 BC | |
Abgar V Ukkama, son of Ma'nu | 4 BC–7 AD | 1st tenure |
Ma'nu IV, son of Ma'nu | 7–13 AD | |
Abgar V Ukkama | 13–50 AD | 2nd tenure |
Ma'nu V, son of Abgar | 50–57 AD | |
Ma'nu VI, son of Abgar | 57–71 AD | |
Abgar VI, son of Ma'nu | 71–91 AD | |
Interregnum | 91–109 AD | |
Abgar VII, son of Ezad | 109–116 AD | |
Interregnum | 116–118 AD | |
Yalur (Yalud) and Parthamaspates | 118–122 AD | Ruled together |
Parthamaspates | 122–123 AD | Ruled alone |
Ma'nu VII, son of Ezad | 123–139 AD | |
Ma'nu VIII, son of Ma'nu | 139–163 AD | First tenure |
Wa'el, son of Sahru | 163–165 AD | Installed by the Parthians |
Ma'nu VIII, son of Ma'nu | 165–177 AD | Second tenure |
Abgar VIII the Great, son of Ma'nu | 177–212 AD | |
Abgar IX Severus, son of Abgar | 212–214 AD | Deposed by the Romans; Osroene incorporated as a Roman province (colonia)[1][2] |
Ma'nu IX, son of Ma'nu | 214–240 AD | Ruled only in name |
Abgar X Frahad, son of Ma'nu | 240–242 AD | Ruled only in name |
Amastris
editCallinicus
editMithridates I Callinicus (Greek: Μιθριδάτης ὀ Кαλλίνικος) was the Orontid king of Commagene from 100 BC to 70 BC.[3] Contrary to the previous Commagenean kings, more details are known regarding the reign of Mithridates and his son and successor Antiochus I Theos (r. 70–31 BC).[4]
https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/commagene-a-portion-of-southwestern-asia-minor-modern-turkey-
- ^ Sartre 2005, p. 508.
- ^ Segal 1982, pp. 210–213.
- ^ Canepa 2018, p. 241.
- ^ Weiskopf 1992, pp. 54–57.
Administrative divisions of Safavid Iran
editThe administrative divisions of Safavid Iran were administrative divisions of the state organisation of Safavid Iran.
In terms of financial management, the Safavids used the ancient Sasanian design of dividing the country into four regions (North, West, South, East).[1]
List of types
editAdministrative division | Administrative official |
---|---|
Region encompassing several provinces | zarrbed waspuhragan-framadar amargar |
province (shahr) | shahrab ostandar mowbed driyoshan-jadaggow ud dadwar gund-i-kadag-khwadaygan framadar framadar darigbed amargar andarzbad |
district (rostag/tasug) | maguh, dadwar |
village (deh) | dehgan, darig |
References
edit- ^ Floor 2021, p. 218.
Sources
edit- Floor, Willem (2021). "The Safavid court and government". In Matthee, Rudi (ed.). The Safavid World. Routledge. pp. 203–224.
- Matthee, Rudi (2011). Persia in Crisis: Safavid Decline and the Fall of Isfahan. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-0857731814.
Timurids
editThe Timurids were an extension of Mongol rule, given their admiration of Mongol practices and prestige.[1] - Bashir, Shahzad, A Perso-Islamic Universal Chronicle in Its Historical Context: Ghiyas al-Din Khwandamir's Habib al-siyar. In Historiography and Religion, edited by Jörg Rüpke, Susanne Rau, and Bernd-Christian Otto. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2015
- ^ Bashir 2015, p. 219.
Layzan
editLayzan was a district which corresponded to the present-day Lahıc
Under the Sasanian Empire, Layzan served as one of its vassal principalities,[1] and supposedly a district of Shirvan.[2]
References
edit- ^ Minorsky 1958, p. 76.
- ^ Barthold & Bosworth 1997, p. 487.
Sources
edit- Barthold, W. & Bosworth, C.E. (1997). "S̲h̲īrwān". In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P. & Lecomte, G. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume IX: San–Sze. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 487–488. ISBN 978-90-04-10422-8.
- Bosworth, C. E. (2011a). "Šervānšāhs". Encyclopaedia Iranica.
- Bosworth, C. E. (2011b). "Šervān". Encyclopaedia Iranica.
- Minorsky, Vladimir (1958). A History of Sharvān and Darband in the 10th-11th Centuries. Cambridge: W. Heffer & Sons, Ltd.
Images
edit- A BATTLE BETWEEN TIMUR AND MUZAFFARADINS, FOLIO FROM A MANUSCRIPT OF NIGARISTAN
- ATTACK OF THE SONS OF MUBARIZ AL-DIN ON THEIR FATHER, FOLIO FROM A MANUSCRIPT OF NIGARISTAN
- THE RULER OF KHWARAZM TELLING ABOUT HIS DREAM TO SULTAN SANJAR, FOLIO FROM A MANUSCRIPT OF NIGARISTAN
- THE MURDER OF DARA BY HIS VIZIERS
- HOROSCOPE OF THE TYRANT ARDAVAN
- YOUNG MEN CARRIED OFF BY A SIMURGH
- STRUGGLE OF A LION AND A DRAGON
- [4]
- [5]
- [6]
- THE PAVILION AND THE COURT OF ULJAITUS PALACE, FOLIO FROM A MANUSCRIPT OF NIGARISTAN
- AVICENNA OBSERVES A HEALER, FOLIO FROM A MANUSCRIPT OF NIGARISTAN
https://agakhanmuseum.org/collection?page=38 page 38
- ARDASHIR RECOGNIZES HIS SON SHAPUR AT A POLO GAME
- Rustam and the Khaqan of Chin in combat: an episode from Firdausi's Shahnama
- BAHRAM-E CHUBINEH ATTACKS KHUSRAW PARVIZ’S ARMY AT NIGHT, SIGNED BY MU'IN MUSSAVIR, PERSIA, SAFAVID, 17TH CENTURY
- the Indian envoy at the court of Anushirvan offers a tribute if anyone can discover how to play the Indian game chess, by Mu’in Musavvir, Persia, Safavid, 1077 AH/1666-67 AD
- Bahram Gur sits on the ivory throne after having slain the lions, Persia, Safavid, mid-17th century
- Khosrow fighting Bahram’s army, Persia, Safavid, 16th century
- Ardashir stabs Ardavan, the last Parthian King, Persia, Shiraz, Safavid, 16th century
- Ardeshir asks for the hand of Ardavan's daughter, attributed to Mu'in Musavvir, Persia, Safavid, circa 1660
- capturing Ardavan, Persia, Safavid, 16th century
- A Princess Holding a Flower, Persia, Safavid, dated 935 AH/1528 AD
- A Seated Princess, Persia, Safavid, probably Herat, first half 16th century
- Alexander comforts the dying Dara, Persia, Safavid, Shiraz, circa 1560
- Bahram at the court of the Indian king Shangol, Persia, Safavid, Shiraz, 16th Century
- A Waqfnama written for Shah Sultan Husayn, signed by Ahmad Al-Nayrizi, Persia, Safavid, dated 1123 and 1129 AH/1711 and 1716 AD
- Nizami's Kheradnameh: Alexander on his voyage to India, Persia, Shiraz, Timurid, 15th century - inscribed in gold script with the name of the Safavid ruler Shah Sultan Husayn and bearing his seal impression dated 1125 AH/1713-14 AD
- Abutorab Esfahani (Toraba), Iran, art safavide, datée 1051H./1640-1
- 'Portrait of a noblewoman with a Rose', Iran, Isfahan, Safavid, circa 1680-1720
- Ardashir capturing Ardavan, Persia, Safavid, 16th century
Hafiz at the court of the Muzaffarid ruler Shah Shuja'
Zand
editGA
edit- Mahsati
- Shirvanshah
- Valeh Daghestani
- Kayumarth I
- Aziz Khan Mokri
- Qasim-i Anvar
- Shahid Balkhi, needs images, need to be mentioned that Balkh was in Khurasan, needs to be mentioned that Shahid worked in the Chaghaniyan court, more on his legacy/status as a poet needs to be mentioned
Poets
editZand titles
edit"In fact, they were twice removed from royalty, since they nominally supported one or other of Karim's sons as titular head of state--the title being presumably vakil but not explicitly so stated. None of the Zand rulers from Zaki Khan to Lotf 'Ali claimed any title loftier than that of khan" - p. 217 Perry, John R. (1979). Karim Khan Zand: A History of Iran, 1747–1779.
A common reference for consecutive rulers was Nader's mention of Iran's established borders during the Safavid dynasty. The same justification was employed by Karim Khan Zand and Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar to resolve similar land dispute resolutions. Iran facing o thers
Mohammad Khiabani
editMohammad Khiabani | |
---|---|
Photo of Mohammad Khiabani | |
Member of the Iranian Parliament | |
In office 6 December 1914 – 13 November 1915 | |
Constituency | Tabriz |
Personal details | |
Born | 1879 Khameneh, Qajar Iran |
Died | 1920 (aged 40–41) Tabriz, Qajar Iran |
Political party | Democrat Party |
Sheikh Mohammad Khiabani (also spelled Khiyabani; Persian: شیخ محمد خیابانی, 1880–1920), was an Iranian religious scholar and political leader who founded the short-lived state Azadistan.
Born in the village of Khameneh in the Azerbaijan province, he was the son of Haji Abdol Hamid, a merchant. After completing his primary education in Khameneh, Mohammed moved to Petrovsk in Dagestan to work for his father's company.[1][2] After a while, he went back to Iran to study religious studies in Tabriz, where he was taught jurisprudence by Haji Mirza Abol Hasan Agha Angji.[2]
The two communist parties Tudeh party and later Azerbaijani Democratic Party created a narrative a Khiabani and his party were pro-Bolshevik revolutionaries who might have planned to break away from Iranian rule and even proclaim a Soviet socialist government. The nature and intent of Khiabani's revolt, however, are largely refuted by recent data, which also sheds significant insight on his character as an admired political figure, the movement he headed, and the emergence and downfall of his uprising.[3]
References
edit- ^ Hairi.
- ^ a b Encyclopaedia of the World of Islam.
- ^ Atabaki 2006, p. 97.
Sources
edit- Atabaki, Touraj (2006). Iran and the First World War: Battleground of the Great Powers. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-1860649646.
- Zamani, Mohammad (2017). "Sheikh Mohammad Khiabani". Encyclopaedia of the World of Islam (in Persian). Tehran. OCLC 1049714918.
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: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
In his complaint, HoI claims that he repeatedly told me that my comments on a WP:RS was WP:OR and also WP:SYNTH[2]. On my page, he stated that I was posting WP:OR (or personal analysis) on a Wikipedia article'[3], but at the same time provided reference the talk page [4] [5] where I actually posted my comments.
The problem is that according to WP:OR, this rule does not apply to a Talk Page[6]. That's why I asked him directly whether a Wikipedia article is equal to a Wikipedia talk page[7]. He dodged the question, and then came up with other rules, accusing me of continuing to do the same thing. That time, he didn't put WP:OR, perhaps realizing his mistake.Sadly, the next day, that is today, he again accused me of violating WP:OR just because I wrote my comments on the Talk Page[8]. HoI also misleads another user telling him/her not to use WP:OR on a talk page.[9]
I've linked you countless policies, but the one thing you got out of this was a brief line in WP:OR? Absolutely ridiculous cherrypicking. Care to name and explain the various other policies I named? Wikipedia is ultimately based on the words of WP:RS, not you - this is a fact you need to accept - you are not a scholar. Why don't you mention why and when the warning was made? It was made in relation to the just one minute previous reply in regards to your afromentioned misuse of the Bournoutian source [14]
First, I want to remark that I provided a link to the book, and indicated the PDF pages[10]. In addition, I also specified what was written by the author, and what was written by me.
In his complaint, HoI writes that he posted the old diff supposedly for convenient reading[11]. I wonder why he didn't do it in other cases. The thing is, two minutes after his first accusation of me distorting the source, he left a comment on my page, mentioned above, in which he also accused me of "omitting" parts of the source[12]. And I responded to all of them. HoI, by his own admission, did not read the entire text, marking it as TL;DR[13]. And that was the first time he falsely used the WP:OR rule in relation to my comments on the Talk page[14]. There was no discussion of false interpretation, yet.
Later, he posted the copied text from the WP:RS book, the link of which I provided myself, claiming several times that I had allegedly 'misrepresented' the source because I had removed something from it. Later, he falsely claimed that I had “distorted the text” by removing the mention of WP:RS’s criticism of Azerbaijani scientists[15]. At that point, I realized that HoI had either not read my text, as he himself admitted, or was deliberately lying about the alleged falsification. In fact, not only did I correctly quote and interpret the text, but I also added a remark from the author of WP:RS[16], to which HoI himself did not completely refer in his misrepresenting remark[17], although it could have been to the advantage of his theses.The worst part is that I pointed this out to him several times [18][19][20] and he not only didn't admit his mistake but also wrote about in his complaint.
Barely understood anything here. Perhaps you should not be Google Translating Russian into English [15]. Matter of the fact is you created a new section named "According to the George Bournoutian's book, the toponym of Azerbaijan was used in reference to the territory of the contemporary Republic of Azerbaijan long before 1918.", but in fact, the page was opposed against that, which you omitted (in other words, distorting the page of the source) by only including and supporting the claims by Azeris historians, which Bournoutian considers to be part of their historical falsification, but you omitted the latter.
I would like to remind you that the entire conversation took place on the Talk Page. Not on the article page. In his complaint, HoI claims that my comments were WP:Tendentious. [21]. This is not true, since I used various arguements. Basically, this complaint concerns the discussion of another topic - the reliability of Azerbaijani sources proper. According to HoI's claim[22], which he repeated in his complaint but with lesser sources[23], Azerbaijani sources cannot be considered reliable, by definition. I may be mistaken but I think that it is a form WP:Nationalist editing, specifically, this part[24].
My arguements were diverse.
From the very beginning [25] I pointed out to him that there is not a single rule in Wikipedia that would prohibit the use of any Azerbaijani source as such. In order to strengthen my position, I put forward the opinion of one historian who recommended adding Azerbaijani and Turkish sources[26]. HoI initially left it unanswered, manipulating the WP:OR rules, which I did not violate on a Talk page. HoI also mistakenly or falsely called the expert a philosopher[27], to which I responded[28].
The problem is that most of his sources are targeting individual cases, proper, as a whole, which is what I also told him about[29]. I also believe that using such sources on a wikipedia page and interpreting them in the way HoI does is WP:SYNTH. But that is another topic.
He continued to make the same argument, although with the clarification that the Azerbaijani sources are unreliable due to the government interference[30].
In response, I told him that some sources from his list are related to Iran-governed institutions, despite the lack of academic freedom in the country[31]. I also pointed out that a number of his sources were written by dubious experts who have no connection to historical science[32]. Remarkably, he refers to them as 'leading experts'.[33].
In response to my comments, I got rudeness[34] and accusations of 'hypocrisy'[35] and other violations of WP:NO personal attacks. However, it is another story.
Your "diverse arguments" mean absolutely zero, as you have been told countless times. If you want to prove that x source is unreliable, do it with WP:RS that says so (which you can't, but I can and have). In fact, the WP:RS is also against you here - you do realize the prominent Encyclopaedia Islamica is translated from Persian-language articles? And that prominent Encyclopaedia Iranica is full of Iranian authors? These are among the most prominent academic sources for Middle Eastern history. In other words, you need some serious WP:RS that actually supports what you're saying in regards to "Iranian sources" (WP:EXTRAORDINARY). Moreover, you do realize that the Caucasian Centre for Iranian Studies published source (your so called "list related to Iran-governed institutions") which you tried to dismiss through WP:SYNTH has been reviewed by both the Brill-published Iran and the Caucasus journal [16] and Cambridge University Press Iranian Studies (journal) journal [17] (actual experts in the topic) and gotten favorable reviews from those? Not to mention the expert Victoria Arakelova was also involved in its creation, even supported it and also mentions the historical falsification in Azerbaijan (page ii of the book). This is what I meant when I said I could dismantle your claims if I wanted; you can't find a single WP:RS for your claims, while I can find more than plenty for mine.
And this James Tallon you are recommending is still not an expert in the subject - you know, someone who actually has expertise in the topic, as you've been told. Yet, in a hypocritical fashion, you're trying to dismiss someone (Eldar Mamedov) with actual expertise in the field, who was for that reason chosen to be an author in the book edited by Shireen Hunter, another expert. You are also still cherrypicking here, there are maaaany authors in that list, many of which whom you have been blatantly ignoring. Moreover, saying that Azerbaijani sources engage in historical falsification is not exactly a controversial statement - as seen in the countless numbers of WP:RS I've posted [18], it's pretty casual to say - we can "thank" the Soviets and their nationbuilding policies for that. Heck, we got even got an article about this historical falsfication pushed by Azerbaijan (Falsification of history in Azerbaijan), another here (Campaign on granting Nizami the status of the national poet of Azerbaijan) as well as a huge section with even more WP:RS (Historical negationism#Azerbaijan). Not to mention the very related and also state-supported anti-Armenian sentiment in Azerbaijan and anti-Iranian sentiment in Azerbaijan.
This previous edit of yours [19] is also more proof of WP:TENDENTIOUS conduct. Despite this WP:GS/AA article being a GA article with everything sourced, you tampered with the period of which the khanate was under Iranian suzerainty from "1748-1813" to "1789-1813". And you tried to justify editing this WP:GS/AA article by saying "The Qajar Iran is related neither to the Republic of Azerbaijan nor to the Republic of Armenia. hence, i edited it." The article is named "Karabakh Khanate" for crying out loud, you know what Karabakh is. Moreover, it has tons of info about the Armenians, including the lede. It has also info on the Turks and Azerbaijani revisionist histography. There's no way you didn't notice any of this. Or another example, where you ask Is there any reliable source suggesting that the word 'khanate' is an anglicized form of the Armenian 'khanut'iun' word?, despite the very statement literally being sourced by WP:RS in the article, which makes your comment seem like WP:JDLI.