Wikipedia

User:Hungrydog55/sandbox/military/1914 Timeline of World War I

< User:Hungrydog55/sandbox

This is a summary of the events of World War one in chronological order. It has been color coded by theatres/fronts to provide a clearer understanding of what events were happening in what places during World War One.

Theaters/Fronts
Western Eastern Italian
Caucasian Middle Eastern Balkan
African Naval Air
Politics Asian and Pacific Gallipoli

1914

edit
Dates Military Diplomatic / Domestic
Jun 28 Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, who was killed in Sarajevo along with his wife Duchess Sophie by Gavrilo Princip, a Bosnian Serb.[1] (Details)
Jul 5 Austria-Hungary seeks German support for a war against Serbia in case of Russian militarism. Germany gives assurances of support.[2]
Jul 23 Beginning of the "Black Week". Austria-Hungary sends an ultimatum to Serbia. Serbia responds that night, agreeing to most but not all terms of the ultimatum.

The Serbian response is seen as satisfactory by the Kaiser but German diplomats do not pressure Austria to make peace.[3] (Details)

Jul 24 Serbia mobilizes, expected Austria to declare war after the refusal of the ulitmatum.
Jul 25 Austria mobilizes. Russia enters the period preparatory to war (partial mobilization).
Jul 28 Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia.[4] (Details)
Jul 29 Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany and Czar Nicholas II of Russia communicate via telegram.[5]
Jul 30 Germany sends Russia an ultimatum.[5]
Aug 1 Germany declares war on Russia and mobilizes.[6][7][8]
France mobilizes.[6]
Italy declares its neutrality.[9]
Denmark, Sweden and Norway unitedly declare their neutrality.[10]
Germany and the Ottoman Empire sign a secret alliance treaty.[11] (Details)
Aug 2 Germany invades Luxembourg.[12] (Details)
Skirmish at Joncherey, first military action on the Western Front.[13] (Details)
Aug 2–26 Germany besieges and captures fortified Longwy, "the Iron Gate to Paris", near the Luxembourg border, opening France to mass German invasion.
Aug 3 Germany declares war on France.[14] Belgium denies permission for German forces to pass through to the French border.[15][16]
Switzerland declares its neutrality and mobilizes for purposes of defense.[17][18]
Aug 4 Germany invades Belgium[19] to outflank the French army. (Details)
Britain protests against the violation of Belgian neutrality, guaranteed by the Treaty of London, The German Chancellor replies that the treaty is just a chiffon de papier (a scrap of paper). The United Kingdom declares war on Germany.[20] (Details)
The United States declares neutrality.
Aug 4–16 Siege of Liège. The Germans besiege and then capture the fortresses of Liège, Belgium.
Aug 5 The first weapon fired in Melbourne, Australia it was shot from Australian Troops
German Steamer SS Pfalz surrenders after being fired on by Fort Nepean, south of Melbourne, Australia[21] (Details)
Montenegro declares war on Austria-Hungary.[22]
The Ottoman Empire closes the Dardanelles.
Aug 6 Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia.[23]
Serbia declares war on Germany.[23]
Aug 7
Spain declares "the strictest neutrality."[24][25] (Details)
Aug 7 – Sep 13 Battle of the Frontiers. The Germans obtain a victory against the British Expeditionary Force and France's Fifth Army. (Details)
Aug 7–10 Battle of Mulhouse, a phase of the Battle of the Frontiers. (Details)
Aug 8 Montenegro declares war on Germany.[23][26]
Aug 9 The Togoland Campaign begins. (Details)
Aug 11 France declares war on Austria-Hungary.
Aug 12 The United Kingdom declares war on Austria-Hungary.[23][27]
Battle of Halen, a phase of the Battle of the Frontiers. (Details)
Aug 14–25 Battle of Lorraine, a phase of the Battle of the Frontiers. (Details)
Aug 15 German troops cross into British East Africa and occupy Taveta. (Details)
Aug 16–20 The Serbs defeat the Austro-Hungarians at the Battle of Cer.[28] (Details)
Aug 17 The Russian army enters East Prussia. (Details)
Aug 20 The Germans attack the Russians in East Prussia at the Battle of Gumbinnen. The attack is a failure in addition to being a deviation from the Schlieffen Plan.[29] (Details)
The Germans occupy Brussels.
Battle of Morhange, a phase of the Battle of Lorraine. (Details)
Battle of Sarrebourg, a phase of the Battle of Lorraine. (Details)
Aug 21 Battle of Charleroi, a phase of the Battle of the Frontiers. (Details)
Aug 21–23 Battle of the Ardennes, a phase of the Battle of the Frontiers. (Details)
Aug 23 Japan declares war on Germany.[23] (Details)
Battle of Mons, a phase of the Battle of the Frontiers. (Details)
Aug 23–30 Battle of Tannenberg: the Russian army undergoes a heavy defeat by the Germans.[30]
Aug 23 – Sep 11 Battle of Lemberg. The Russians capture Lviv. (Details)
Aug 23–25 Battle of Kraśnik, a phase of the Battle of Lemberg. The Austro-Hungarian First Army defeats the Russian Fourth Army.[31] (Details)
Aug 24 Action of Elouges
Battle of the Mortagne, a phase of the Battle of Lorraine.
Aug 24 – Sep 7 The Germans besiege and capture the Maubeuge Fortress. (Details)
Aug 24 – Sep 28 The Allied Great Retreat to the River Marne.
Aug 25 Japan declares war on Austria-Hungary.[23]
Battle of Tepe: The Kamerun Campaign begins.
Aug 26 British and French forces conquer Togoland, a German protectorate in West Africa.[32] (Details)
Battle of Le Grand Fayt
Aug 26–27 Battle of Le Cateau results in an Allied retreat.
Aug 26–30 Battle of Gnila Lipa, a phase of the Battle of Lemberg.
Aug 26 – Sep 2 Battle of Komarow, part of the Battle of Lemberg. (Details)
Aug 26 – Feb 18, 1916 Siege of Mora
Aug 27 Battle of Étreux
Aug 27 – Nov 7 Battle of Tsingtao: British and Japanese forces capture the German-controlled port of Tsingtao in China.
Aug 28 The Royal Navy wins the First Battle of Heligoland Bight, North Sea. (Details)
Austria-Hungary declares war on Belgium.[23][33]
Aug 29–30 Battle of Saint Quentin, also known as Battle of Guise. Orderly Allied retreat.
Aug 29–31 First Battle of Garua
Aug 30 New Zealand occupies German Samoa (later Western Samoa). (Details)
Sep 1 Action at Néry
Saint Petersburg renamed Petrograd, removing German words "Burg" and "Sankt".[34]
Sep 2–11 Austro-Hungarian defeat at the Battle of Rava Russka, a phase of the Battle of Lemberg.
Sep 5 British scout cruiser HMS Pathfinder is sunk by U-boat SM U-21
Sep 5–12 First Battle of the Marne. The German advance on Paris is halted, marking the failure of the Schlieffen Plan.[35]
Battle of the Ourcq, a phase of the First Battle of the Marne.
Battle of the Two Morins
Sep 6 Battle of Nsanakong
Sep 6–12 Battle of the Marshes of Saint-Gond, a phase of the First Battle of the Marne.
Battle of Vitry, a phase of the First Battle of the Marne.
Battle of Revigny, a phase of the First Battle of the Marne.
Sep 6 – Oct 4 Battle of Drina
Sep 7 Fanning Raid
Sep 7–14 First Battle of the Masurian Lakes: The Russian Army of the Neman withdraws from East Prussia with heavy casualties.
Sep 9 Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg lays out Germany's war aims. (Details)
Sep 11 Battle of Bita Paka
Sep 13 Troops from South Africa begin invading German South-West Africa. (Details)
Sep 13–28 The First Battle of the Aisne ends in a substantial draw. The Race to the Sea begins.
Sep 14 Erich von Falkenhayn replaces Helmuth von Moltke the Younger as German Chief of Staff.
Sep 14–17 Siege of Toma. Most German forces in New Guinea surrender to the Australians then or over the following year.
Sep 15 Boer leader Manie Maritz revolts in South Africa. (Details)
Sep 19 – Oct 11 Battle of Flirey
Sep 20 Battle of Zanzibar, German naval victory.
Sep 22 Bombardment of Papeete
German light cruiser Emden attacks Madras. (Details)
Sep 22–26 First Battle of Picardy
Sep 24 The Siege of Przemyśl begins.
Sep 26 Battle of Sandfontein
Sep 25–29 First Battle of Albert
Sep 28 – Oct 10 The Germans besiege and capture Antwerp, Belgium. (Details)
Sep 29–30 Japan occupies the Marshall Islands.
Sep 29 – Oct 31 Battle of the Vistula River, also known as Battle of Warsaw.
Oct–Jul 11, 1915 Battle of Rufiji Delta, German cruiser Königsberg destroyed.
Oct 1–4 First Battle of Arras
Oct 9 – Nov 1 Central powers control Belgrade. (Details)
Oct 10 – Nov 2 Battle of La Bassee
Oct 12 – Nov 2 First Battle of Messines
Oct 13 – Nov 2 Battle of Armentieres
Oct 16–31 Battle of the Yser. French and Belgian forces secure the coastline of Belgium.[36]
Oct 19 – Nov 22 The First Battle of Ypres ends the Race to the Sea. The Germans are prevented from reaching Calais and Dunkirk.
Oct 19 – Jul 7, 1915 Clashes between German and Portuguese forces in the Angola-Namibia border, without declaration of war. (Details)
Oct 28 Battle of Penang
Oct 29 Black Sea Raid. Ottoman warships bombard the Russian ports of Odessa and Sevastopol.
Nov 1 Russia declares war on the Ottoman Empire.
Battle of Coronel. Von Spee's German cruiser squadron defeats a Royal Navy squadron under Christopher Cradock.[37]
Nov 2 The United Kingdom begins the naval blockade of Germany. (Details)
Serbia declares war on the Ottoman Empire.[23]
Nov 2–16 Bergmann Offensive, first military engagement in the Caucasus of the First World War.
Nov 3 Montenegro declares war on the Ottoman Empire.
Battle of Kilimanjaro
Nov 3–5 Von Lettow-Vorbeck's German colonial forces defeat the British at the Battle of Tanga, German East Africa.
Nov 5 France and the United Kingdom[38] declare war on the Ottoman Empire.[23]
Nov6 Fao Landing, British and Indians besiege the fortress at Fao.
Nov 7 Japanese Forces capture the Naval Base at Tsingtao. (Details)
Nov 11 Sultan Mehmed V declares Jihad on the Allies.[39][40] (Details)
Nov 11–21 Battle of Basra
Nov 11 – Dec 6 Battle of Łódź (also known as Silesian Offensive).
Nov 13 Battle of El Herri: Worst French defeat in Morocco at the hands of the Zayanes.
Nov 16 – Dec 15 Battle of Kolubara, Austro-Hungarians leave Serbia.
Nov 19 Bolshevik representatives at the State Duma arrested and exiled to Siberia.
Nov 23 Basra is occupied by the British.
Dec 1–13 Battle of Limanowa
Dec3–9 Battle of Qurna
Dec 8 Battle of the Falkland Islands. Von Spee's German cruiser squadron is defeated by the Royal Navy.[41]
Dec 10 Hill 60 captured by the Germans.
Dec 14 Ottomans occupy the Persian border town of Qotur as a bridgehead to the Caucasus, but withdraw after their defeat at Sarikamish. (Details)
Dec 16 The German fleet shells Scarborough, Hartlepool, and Whitby England.[42] (Details)
Dec 18–22 Battle of Givenchy
Dec 17 – January 13, 1915 First Battle of Artois
Dec 20 Fighting begins at Perthes.
Dec 20 – 17 Mar 1915 First Battle of Champagne
Dec 22 Fighting begins at Noyon. (Details)
Dec 22 – Jan 2, 1915 The Russians win the Battle of Sarikamish, Caucasia.[43]
Dec 24–25 In some sectors of the Western Front, an unofficial Christmas truce is observed between German and British forces.[44]
Dec 25 – Jan 18, 1915 Battle of Ardahan

1915

edit
Dates Military Diplomatic / Domestic
Jan 2 The Russian offensive in the Carpathians begins. It will continue until April 12.
Jan 4–11 Ottomans occupy Urmia and Tabriz by surprise. (Details)
Jan 8 Japan attempts to impose its Twenty-One Demands on neutral China.
Jan 18–19 Battle of Jassin
Jan 19 First Zeppelin raid on Great Britain. (Details)
Jan 19 – Dec 22 Battle of Hartmannswillerkopf, series of battles fought to control the peak.
Jan 24 Battle of Dogger Bank between squadrons of the British Grand Fleet and the German Hochseeflotte.
Jan 24–26 Chilembwe uprising led by John Chilembwe in Nyasaland.
Jan 28 – Feb 3 The Ottomans fail to capture the Suez Canal. (Details)
Jan 30 The Russians take Tabriz. (Details)
Jan 31 Battle of Bolimov. First German use of chemical weapons.[45] (Details)
Feb 4 Germany begins unrestricted submarine warfare against merchant vessels.
Jan Kemp surrenders. End of the Maritz Rebellion.
Battle of Kakamas: German invasion of South Africa repelled.
Feb 7–22 Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes. The Russian X Army is defeated.
Feb 15 Troops in Singapore mutiny against the British.
Feb 19 British and French naval attack on the Dardanelles. The Gallipoli Campaign begins.[46] (Details)
Mar 5 Great Britain and France promise Russia Constantinople.
Mar 7 Ottomans retreat to Qotur, pushed by a Russian counteroffensive. (Details)
Mar 10 – Mar 13 Battle of Neuve Chapelle. After an initial success, a British offensive is halted.
Mar 14 Battle of Más a Tierra. The last remnant of the German East Asia Squadron is sunk and its crew interned in neutral Chile.
Mar 18 Battle of 18 March. The British and French unsuccessfully try to force the Dardanelles, losing 3 Pre-Dreadnought battleships
Mar 22 The Siege of Przemyśl ends. The Russians capture the fortress.
Apr 5 – May 5 First Battle of Woevre
Apr 12–14 Battle of Shaiba
Apr 15 Battle of Dilman
Apr 19 – May 17 The Ottomans besiege the Armenian city of Van. (Details)
Apr 22 – May 25 The Second Battle of Ypres, which ends in a stalemate. Germany first uses poison gas.
Apr 22–23 Battle of Gravenstafel, first stage of the Second Battle of Ypres.
Apr 24 Deportation of Armenian intellectuals to Ankara, first act of the Armenian Genocide.
Apr 24 – May 5 Battle of St Julien, part of the Second Battle of Ypres.
Apr 25 Allied forces land on Gallipoli, landing at Ari Burnu, soon renamed Anzac Cove, and Cape Helles.[47] (Details)
Apr 26 Treaty of London between the Entente and Italy.[48] (Details)
Battle of Trekkopjes
Apr 28 First Battle of Krithia. The Allied advance is repelled.[49]
Apr 29 Battle of Gurin
May 1 The Gorlice-Tarnów Offensive begins: the German troops under General Mackensen break through the Russian lines in Galicia.
Battle of Eski Hissarlik
May 3 Troops withdraw from Anzac Cove. (Details)
Italy revokes its commitment to a defensive alliance with Germany and Austria-Hungary.
May 6–8 Second Battle of Krithia. The Allied attempts at advancing are thwarted again.[50]
May 7 The British liner RMS Lusitania is sunk by U-boat SM U-20.[51]
May 8–13 Battle of Frezenberg Ridge, part of the Second Battle of Ypres.
May 9 – Jun 18 Second Battle of Artois
May 9 Battle of Aubers Ridge, a phase of the Second Battle of Artois.
May 10 Troops from Hungary rout the Russians at Jarosław. Lviv is again in Austrian hands.
May 11 Armistice called at Gallipoli to bury the dead. {Details)
May 12 Windhoek, capital of German South-West Africa, is occupied by South African troops.[52] (Details)
May 15–25 Battle of Festubert
May 16 – June 23 Battle of Konary
May 23 Italy declares war on Austria-Hungary.[23] (Details)
May 24–25 Battle of Bellewaarde, final phase of the Second Battle of Ypres.
May 31 – Jun 10 Second Battle of Garua
Jun–Sep The Russian Great Retreat from Poland and Galicia.
Jun 4 Third Battle of Krithia. Yet another Allied failure.[50]
The Russians leave Przemyśl. (Details)
Jun 21–23 Battle of Bukoba
Jun 22 Mackensen breaks again through the Russian lines in the Lviv area. (Details)
Jun 23 – Jul 7 First Battle of the Isonzo
Jun 27 The Austro-Hungarians re-enter Lviv. (Details)
Jun 28 – Jul 5 The British win the Battle of Gully Ravine.
Jun 29 Battle of Ngaundere
Jul 1 First aerial victory by a synchronized gun-armed fighter aircraft. (Details)
Battle of Otavi
Jul 9 The German forces in South-West Africa surrender. (Details)
Jul 10–26 Battle of Manzikert
Jul 18 – Aug 3 Second Battle of the Isonzo
Jul 25 Italians capture Cappuccio Wood. (Details)
First Victoria Cross awarded to British combat pilot Lanoe Hawker.
Jul 27–31 Battle of Kara Killisse
Aug 5 The Germans occupy Warsaw. (Details)
Aug 6–10 Battle of Lone Pine, part of the August Offensive.
Aug 6–13 Battle of Krithia Vineyard, part of the August Offensive.
Aug 6–15 Allied landing at Suvla Bay, a phase of the August Offensive.
Aug 6–21 Battle of Sari Bair, part of the August Offensive. Last and unsuccessful attempt by the British to seize the Gallipoli peninsula.[53]
Aug 7 Battle of the Nek, a phase of the August Offensive.
Aug 7–19 Battle of Chunuk Bair, a phase of the August Offensive.
Aug 19 British liner SS Arabic is sunk by U-boat SM U-24, leaving 44 died including 3 Americans.
Aug 21 Scimitar Hill, a phase of the August Offensive.
Italy declares war on the Ottoman Empire.[23]
Aug 21–29 Battle of Hill 60, part of the August Offensive. Details
Aug 26 – Sep 19 Sventiany Offensive, a phase of the Gorlice-Tarnow Offensive.
Sep 1 Germany suspends unrestricted submarine warfare. (Details)
Sep 5–8 The Zimmerwald Conference of anti-militarist European socialist parties is held in Zimmerwald, Switzerland.
Sep 5 Nicholas II removes Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolayevich as Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army, personally taking that position.
Sep 15 – Nov 4 Third Battle of Artois
Sep 19 The Germans occupy Vilnius. The Gorlice-Tarnów Offensive ends.
Sep 25–28 Battle of Loos, a major British offensive, fails.
Sep 25 – Oct 15 Battle of the Hohenzollern Redoubt, a phase of the Battle of Loos.
Sep 25 – Nov 6 Second Battle of Champagne
Sep 28 Battle of Es Sinn
Oct 3 Allies land troops at Salonika in Greece to aid Serbia. (Details)
Oct 7 – Dec 4 Serbia is invaded by Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Bulgaria. (Details)
Oct 12 Edith Cavell executed in Brussels by German firing squad.
Oct 14 Bulgaria declares war on Serbia[23] (Details)
Oct 14 – Nov 9 Morava Offensive, a phase of the Central Powers Invasion of Serbia, Bulgarians break through Serbian lines.
Oct 14 – Nov 15 Ovche Pole Offensive, a phase of the Central Powers invasion of Serbia, Bulgarians break through Serbian lines.
Oct 15 The United Kingdom declares war on Bulgaria.[23][54]
Montenegro declares war on Bulgaria.[23]
Oct 16 France declares war on Bulgaria.[23]
Oct 17 – Nov 21 Battle of Krivolak, first of the Salonika Front.
Oct 18 – Nov 4 Third Battle of the Isonzo
Oct 19 Italy and Russia declare war on Bulgaria.[23]
Oct 27 Andrew Fisher resigns as Prime Minister of Australia; he is replaced by Billy Hughes.
Oct 29 René Viviani resigns as Prime Minister of France; he is replaced by Aristide Briand.
Nov 4–6 Battle of Banjo
Nov 10 Pro-Central Powers Iranians seize Shiraz from pro-Entente forces and arrest all British citizens in the city. (Details)
Nov 10 – Dec 2 Fourth Battle of the Isonzo
Nov 10 – Dec 4 The Kosovo Offensive, a phase of the Central Powers invasion of Serbia, Serbians pushed into Albania.
Nov 14–30 Russian forces from the Caucasus occupy Tehran. (Details)
Nov 17 Armed by Ottomans and Germans, the Libyan Senussi cross the border and attack Egypt from the west. (Details)
Nov 22–25 Battle of Ctesiphon, in present-day Iraq.[55]
Nov 27 The Serbian army collapses. It will retreat to the Adriatic Sea and be evacuated by the Italian and French Navies. (Details)
Dec – Jul 1916 Battle of Lake Tanganyika
Dec 6–12 Battle of Kosturino
Dec 7 The First Siege of Kut, Mesopotamia, by the Ottomans begins.[56]
Dec 15 Russians occupy Hamadan. (Details)
Dec 18 Gallipoli evacuations, a major Ottoman victory and a "disaster for the Allies."
Dec 19 Douglas Haig replaces John French as commander of the British Expeditionary Force.
Dec 23 Carl Zimmermann orders the retreat of all German forces and civilians in Kamerun to the Spanish colony of Río Muni.

1916

edit
Dates Military Diplomatic / Domestic
Jan 5–17 Austro-Hungarian offensive against Montenegro, which capitulates. (Details)
Jan 6–7 Battle of Mojkovac
Jan 6–8 Battle of Sheikh Sa'ad, a phase of the First Siege of Kut.
Jan 9 The Gallipoli Campaign ends in an Allied defeat and an Ottoman victory.[57] (Details)
Jan 10 – Feb 16 Battle of Erzurum
Jan 11 Corfu occupied by the Allies.
Jan 13 Battle of Wadi, a phase of the First Siege of Kut.
Jan 21 Battle of Hanna, a phase of the First Siege of Kut.
Jan 24 Reinhard Scheer is appointed commander of Germany's Hochseeflotte.[58]
Jan 27 Conscription introduced in the United Kingdom by the Military Service Act 1916.[59] (Details)
Feb 5 – Apr 15 Trebizond Campaign
Feb 12 Battle of Salaita Hill
Feb 21 The Battle of Verdun begins.[60]
Feb 26 Battle of Agagia: Senussi rebellion suppressed by the British.
Feb 28 German Kamerun (Cameroon) surrenders. (Details)
Mar 1 Germany resumes unrestricted submarine warfare. (Details)
Mar 1–15 Fifth Battle of the Isonzo
Mar 2 – Aug 4 Battle of Bitlis
Mar 8 Battle of Dujaila: a British attempt to relieve Kut failed.
Mar 9 Germany declares war on Portugal.[23] Portugal officially enters the war. (Details)
Mar 11–—12 Battle of Latema Nek
Mar 14 The Manifesto of the Sixteen, declaring Kropotkinist-anarchist support of the Allied war effort, is published.
Mar 15 Austria-Hungary declares war on Portugal.[23]
Mar 16 – Nov 6 British preemptively occupy the Sultanate of Darfur and annex it to the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. (Details)
Mar 18 Battle of Kahe
Mar 18 – Apr Lake Naroch Offensive
Apr 24–—29 Easter Rising by Irish rebels for independence from the United Kingdom.
Apr 24–—30 The Kienthal Conference, the second meeting of the anti-war socialist Zimmerwald Movement, is held in Kienthal, Switzerland.
Apr 27–29 Gas attacks at Hulluch
Apr 29 The British forces under siege at Kut surrender to the Ottomans, first Siege of Kut ends.
May 7–10 Battle of Kondoa Irangi
May 10 Germany suspends unrestricted submarine warfare. (Details)
May 15 – Jun 10 Austro-Hungarian Strafexpedition in Trentino. (Details)
May 16 Signing of the Sykes-Picot Agreement between Britain and France defining their proposed spheres in the Middle East.
May 18 Russian forces in Persia link up with the British in Mesopotamia, but it is too late. (Details)
May 31 – Jun 1 The indecisive Battle of Jutland between Britain's Grand Fleet and Germany's Hochseeflotte.
Jun 2–14 Battle of Mont Sorrel
Jun 3 Russians fail to encircle Ottoman forces in Persia. (Details)
Jun 4 The Brusilov Offensive begins.
Jun 5 The Arab Revolt in Hejaz begins.
Armored cruiser HMS Hampshire is sunk by a German mine off the Orkney Islands; Lord Kitchener, on a diplomatic mission to Russia, is among those killed.
Jun 8 In the Adriatic Sea the Italian troopship SS Principe Umberto is sunk by an Austro-Hungarian submarine. It is the deadliest sinking of the war, with 1,900 lives lost.
Jun 10 Paolo Boselli succeeds Antonio Salandra as Prime Minister.
The Siege of Medina begins.
Jun 10 – Jul 4 Battle of Mecca, Arabs capture the city.
Jun 12 Percy Sykes Mares on Kerman to link up with the Russian forces in central-northern Persia.
Jun 30 Battle of the Boar's Head, diversion from the Battle of the Somme which began the next day.
Jul Battle of Taif
Jul 1 The Battle of the Somme begins. (Details)
Jul 1—3 The Social Democratic Party wins a majority in the parliament of the Russian-ruled Grand Duchy of Finland. (Details)
Jul 1—13 Second Battle of Albert (Opening phase of the Battle of the Somme).
Jul 1—2 British capture of Fricourt during the Second Battle of Albert.
Jul 2 Ottoman counter-attack into Persia reaches Kermanshah. (Details)
Jul 2—25 Battle of Erzincan
Jul 3–7 British capture La Boisselle during the Second Battle of Albert. (Details)
Jul 3–12 British capture Mametz Wood during the Second Battle of Albert. (Details)
Jul 3–17 British capture Ovillers during the Second Battle of Albert and Battle of Bazentin Ridge. (Details)
Jul 4–6 Battle of Kostiuchnowka
Jul 7–11 British capture Contalmaison during the Second Battle of Albert.
Jul 8–14 British capture of Trônes Wood during the Second Battle of Albert.
Jul 14–17 Battle of Bazentin Ridge (Initial phase of the Battle of the Somme)
Jul 14 – Sep 15 Battles for Longueval and Delville Wood (Initial phase of the Battle of the Somme)
Jul 19–20 Battle of Fromelles (Initial phase of the Battle of the Somme)
Jul 23 – Aug 7 Battle of Pozières (Initial phase of the Battle of the Somme)
Jul 24 – Aug 8 Battle of Kowel
Jul 30 German agents sabotage munition factories in Jersey City, New Jersey, that supply the Allies, causing the Black Tom explosion.
Aug 3–5 Battle of Romani. Ottoman attack on the British in the Sinai peninsula fails.
Aug 6–17 Sixth Battle of the Isonzo. The Italians capture Gorizia (Aug 9).
Aug 6 Battle of Doberdo, part of the Sixth Battle of Isonzo.
Aug 9–18 First battle of Doiran
Aug 10 Ottomans take Hamadan. (Details)
Aug 24 Battle of Mlali
Aug 27 Romania enters the war on the Entente's side. Her army is defeated in a few weeks.
Aug 27 – Dec Conquest of Romania by Central Powers. (Details)
Aug 27 – Nov 26 Battle of Transylvania, a phase of the conquest of Romania.
Aug 28 Italy declares war on Germany.[23][48]
Aug 29 Paul von Hindenburg replaces Erich von Falkenhayn as German Chief of Staff.
Aug 30 The Ottoman Empire declares war on Romania.[23]
Sep 1 Bulgaria declares war on Romania.[23]
Sep 2–6 Battle of Turtucaia, a phase of the conquest of Romania.
Sep 3–6 Battle of Guillemont (intermediate phase of the Battle of the Somme)
Sep 5–7 Battle of Dobrich, a phase of the conquest of Romania.
Sep 6 The Central Powers create a unified command.
Sep 7–11 Battle of Kisaki
Sep 8–19 Battle of Tabora
Sep 9 Battle of Ginchy (intermediate phase of the Battle of the Somme)
Sep 9–11 Battle of Dutumi
Sep 12 – Dec 11 Monastir Offensive, set up of the Salonika Front.
Sep 12–14 Battle of Malka Nidzhe, a phase of the Monastir Offensive.
Sep 12–30 Battle of Kaymakchalan, a phase of the Monastir Offensive.
Sep 14–17 Seventh Battle of the Isonzo
Sep 15–22 Battle of Flers-Courcelette; the British use armored tanks for the first time in history.
Sep 17–19 First Battle of Cobadin, a phase of the conquest of Romania.
Sep 20 The Brusilov Offensive ends with a substantial Russian success.
Sep 25–28 Battle of Morval (part of the final stages of the Battle of the Somme)
Sep 26–28 Battle of Thiepval Ridge (part of the final stages of the Battle of the Somme)
Sep 29 – Oct 5 Flamanda Offensive, a phase of the conquest of Romania.
Oct–Nov First Battle of the Cerna Bend, a phase of the Monastir Offensive.
Oct 1 – Nov 5 Battle of Le Transloy (last stage of the Battle of the Somme)
Oct 1 – Nov 11 Battle of Ancre Heights (last stage of the Battle of the Somme).
Oct 9–12 Eighth Battle of the Isonzo
Oct 14 – Jan 6, 1917 Battle of Kibata
Oct 19–25 Second Battle of Cobadin, a phase of the conquest of Romania.
Oct 24 The French recapture Fort Douaumont near Verdun. Details
Nov 1–4 Ninth Battle of the Isonzo
Nov 11 Battle of Matamondo
Nov 13–18 Battle of the Ancre (closing phase of the Battle of the Somme)
Nov 18 The Battle of the Somme ends with enormous casualties and an Anglo-French advantage.
Nov 21 Hospital ship HMHS Britannic sinks after hitting a German mine in the Aegean.
Francis Joseph I, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary, dies and is succeeded by Charles I.
Nov 25 David Beatty replaces John Jellicoe as commander of the Grand Fleet; Jellicoe becomes First Lord of the Sea.
Nov 25 – Dec 3 Battle of Bucharest, a phase of the conquest of Romania.
Nov 28 Prunaru Charge, a phase of the Battle of Bucharest, Romanian cavalry desperately charge into enemy lines.
Dec 1 Battle of the Arges, a phase of the Battle of Bucharest.
Dec 1 – Jan 18, 1917 Allied capture of Yanbu
Dec 3–6 In a four-day crisis Dec 3–6, 1916, H. H. Asquith is unaware how fast he is losing support. David Lloyd George now has growing Unionist support, the backing of Labour and (thanks to Christopher Addison) a majority of Liberal MPs. Asquith falls.
Dec 7–31 The new Prime Minister David Lloyd George answers the loud demands for a much more decisive government. He energetically sets up a new small war cabinet, a cabinet secretariat under Maurice Hankey, a secretariat of private advisors in the 'Garden Suburb' and moved towards prime ministerial control.[61]
Dec 6 The Germans occupy Bucharest. The capital of Romania moved to Iaşi.
Dec 13 Robert Nivelle replaces Joseph Joffre as Commander-in-Chief of the French Army.
Dec 17 Kaocen Revolt: The Tuareg besiege the French garrison at Agadez.
Dec 18 Battle of Verdun ends with enormous casualties on both sides.
Dec 23 Battle of Magdhaba in the Sinai peninsula.[62]
Dec 23–29 Christmas Battles
Dec 27 Togoland is divided into British and French administrative zones.
Dec 30 Grigori Rasputin, Russia's enfant terrible, is assassinated.

1917

edit
Dates Military Diplomatic / Domestic
January 3–4 Battle of Behobeho
January 9 Battle of Rafa. The British drive the Ottomans out of Sinai.
January 11 – March 13 British raid the Ancre. Details
January 16 The German Foreign Secretary Arthur Zimmermann sends a telegram to his ambassador in Mexico, instructing him to propose to the Mexican government an alliance against the United States. (Details)
February 1 Germany resumes unrestricted submarine warfare. Details
February 3 SS Housatonic an American steamer carrying wheat from Galveston, Texas to England is sunk by a U-boat.
February 13 Mata Hari is arrested in Paris on charges of spying for the Germans.
February 23 Second Battle of Kut. The British recapture the city.
February 23 – April 5 The Germans withdraw to the Hindenburg Line.
March 1 Arz von Straussenberg replaces Conrad von Hötzendorf as Austro-Hungarian Chief of Staff.
March 3 The French relieve Agadez.
March 8–11 The British capture Baghdad. Details
March 8 The celebrations of the International Women's Day in Petrograd spawn severe protests that will evolve into the February Revolution.
March 12 Russian troops refuse to fire on demonstrators after 50 are killed in Petrograd's Znamenskaya Square the day before. Numerous attacks against prisons, courts, police stations and Okhrana offices.
Provisional Committee of the Duma formed.
Petrograd Soviet formed.
March 13 Battle of Nambanje
March 13 – April 23 Samarrah Offensive, British capture much of Mesopotamia.
March 14 China severs relations with Germany.[23]
March 15 Nicholas II abdicates. A provisional government is formed.
March 16 Lenin arrives in Petrograd from his exile in Switzerland and publishes his April Thesis.
March 17 Aristide Briand resigns as Prime Minister of France; he is replaced by Alexandre Ribot.
March 26 First Battle of Gaza. The British attempt to capture the city fails.[63]
April–October Stalemate in Southern Palestine
April 2–3 Australians attack Noreuil.
April 6 The United States declares war on Germany.[64] (Details)
April 7 Cuba declares war on Germany.[23]
Panama declares war on Germany.[23]
Scuttling of SMS Cormoran in Guam, the only hostile action between American and German forces in the Pacific.
April 9 – May 17 Second Battle of Arras. The British attack a heavily fortified German line without obtaining any strategic breakthrough.[65] Details
April 9–12 The Canadians obtain a significant victory in the Battle of Vimy Ridge, part of the first phase of the Second Battle of Arras.[66]
April 9–14 First Battle of the Scarpe, part of the first phase of the Second Battle of Arras. Details
April 10–11 First Battle of Bullecourt,part of the first phase of the Second Battle of Arras. Details
April 11 Brazil severs relations with Germany.[23]
April 13 Bolivia severs relations with Germany.[23]
April 15 Battle of Lagnicourt, part of the Second phase of the Second Battle of Arras. Details
April 16 – May 9 The Second Battle of the Aisne (also known as Nivelle Offensive) ends in disaster for both the French army and its commander Robert Nivelle.[67]
April 17–20 Battle of the Hills (also known as Third battle of Champagne), a diversion to the Second Battle of the Aisne.
April 19 Second Battle of Gaza. The Ottoman lines resist a British attack.
April 22 – May 8 Second Battle of Doiran. Details
April 23 The Ottoman Empire severs relations with the United States.[23]
April 23–24 Second Battle of Scarpe, part of the second phase of the Second Battle of Arras. Details
April 28–29 Battle of Arleux, part of the Second phase of the Second Battle of Arras. Details
April 29 – May 20 Series of mutinies in the French army.[68] Details
May 3–4 Third battle of the Scarpe, part of the second phase of the Second Battle of Arras. Details
Mass demonstrations in Petrograd and Moscow to protest Pavel Milyukov's note affirming Russia's commitment to the Entente war effort. (Details)
May 3–17 Second Battle of Bullecourt, part of the second phase of the Second Battle of Arras. Details
May 5 Australian Prime Minister Billy Hughes wins an enlarged majority in federal elections with the pro-conscription Nationalist Party. (Details)
May 5–15 Allied Spring offensive on the Salonika Front.
May 5–9 Second Battle of the Cerna Bend, a phase of the Allied Spring Offensive. Details
May 12 – June 6 Tenth Battle of the Isonzo
May 15 Philippe Pétain replaces Robert Nivelle as Commander-in-Chief of the French Army.[69]
May 23 Battle of Mount Hermada in the Karst.
Salonika Trial ends: Dragutin Dimitrijevic, chief conspirator of the Sarajevo Assassination, is sentenced to death by Serbia on trumped up charges, as part of negotiations for a peace treaty with Austria-Hungary.
June–October Operation Hush, Abortive British plan to capture coast of Belgium.
June 7–14 Second Battle of Messines, the British blow 19 deep mines and recapture Messines Ridge.
June 10–29 Battle of Mount Ortigara
June 12 Constantine I of Greece abdicates.[70]
June 13 First successful heavy bomber raid on London done by the Gotha G.IV.
June 25 First American troops land in France. Details
June 27 Batterie Pommern, aka 'Lange Max', world's largest gun, fires for the first time from Koekelare to Dunkirk (±50 km).
June 30 Greece declares war on the Central powers. (Details)
July 1–2 Battle of Zborov, a phase of the Kerensky Offensive.
July 1–12 Brief monarchist coup and restoration in China, allegedly promoted by Germany to distance China from the Entente. (Details)
July 1–19 The Kerensky Offensive fails. It is the last Russian initiative in the war.[71]
July 6 Arab rebels led by Lawrence of Arabia seize the Jordanian port of Aqaba.[72] Details
July 11 The Open Letter to Albert I is published by Flemish Movement sympathisers within the Belgian Army on the Yser Front, complaining about official discrimination against Dutch language. Details
July 16–17 Petrograd July Days
July 19 The Reichstag passes a Peace Resolution.
July 20 Corfu Declaration about the future Kingdom of Yugoslavia.[73]
July 21 Alexander Kerensky replaces Georgy Lvov as Minister-President of the Russian Provisional Government.
July 22 Siam declares war on Germany and Austria-Hungary.[23]
July 22 – August 1 Battle of Mărăști
July 29 Battle of Kiawe Bridge
July 31 The Third Battle of Ypres (also known as Battle of Passchendaele) begins. Details
July 31 – August 2 Battle of Pilckem Ridge (Opening phase of the Third Battle of Ypres).
August 2 The German raider SMS Seeadler is wrecked at Mopelia in French Polynesia.
August 2–10 Battle of Rumbo
August 4 Liberia declares war on Germany.
August 6–20 Battle of Mărăşeşti
August 8–22 Third Battle of Oituz
August 14 China declares war on Germany and Austria-Hungary.[74][23]
August 15–25 Battle of Hill 70 (Continuation of British operations near Lens).
August 16–18 Second Battle of Langemarck (Initial phase of the Third Battle of Ypres).
August 17 China terminates the German and Austro-Hungarian concessions in Tianjin and occupies them.
August 18–28 Eleventh Battle of the Isonzo
August 20–26 Second Offensive Battle of Verdun
September – October Operation Albion. German capture of Oesel, Dago and Moon Islands.
September 1–3 Battle of Jugla
September 5 The SMS Seeadler's crew sail to Fiji in a lifeboat and capture the French schooner Lutece, allowing their escape. They rename it Fortuna.
September 5–12 The Third Zimmerwald Conference of the anti-war socialist Zimmerwald Movement, is held in Stockholm.
September 8–12 General Kornilov's coup attempt fails.
September 12 Alexandre Ribot resigns as Prime Minister of France; he is replaced by Paul Painlevé.
September 14 Russia declared a republic
September 20–26 Battle of the Menin Road Ridge (Second phase of the Third Battle of Ypres).
September 21 Costa Rica severs relations with Germany.[23]
September 26–27 Battle of Polygon Wood (Second phase of the Third Battle of Ypres).
September 28–29 Battle of Ramadi, Mesopotamia
October 4 Battle of Broodseinde (Second phase of the Third Battle of Ypres).
October 5 The Fortuna wrecks at Easter Island and its crew is interned by the Chileans.
October 6 Peru severs relations with Germany.[23]
October 7 Uruguay severs relations with Germany.[23]
October 9 Battle of Poelcappelle (Last phase of the Third Battle of Ypres).
October 12 First Battle of Passchendaele (Last phase of the Third Battle of Ypres).
October 15 Mata Hari executed.
October 15–18 Battle of Mahiwa
October 23 Battle of Wadi Musa
October 23 – November 10 Battle of La Malmaison, much-postponed French attack on the Chemin des Dames.
October 24 – November 4 Battle of Caporetto. The Austro-Hungarians and Germans break through the Italian lines. The Italian army is defeated and falls back on the Piave River.
October 26 Brazil declares war on Germany.[23]
October 26 – November 10 Second Battle of Passchendaele (Last phase of the Third Battle of Ypres).
October 27 Battle of Buqqar Ridge.
October 30 Italy: Vittorio Emanuele Orlando succeeds Paolo Boselli as Prime Minister. Details
October 31 – November 7 Third Battle of Gaza. The British break through the Ottoman lines.
October 31 Battle of Beersheba (opening phase of the Third Battle of Gaza).
November 1–6 Battle of Tel el Khuweilfe
November 2 Balfour Declaration: the British government supports plans for a Jewish "national home" in Palestine.
November 5 The Allies agree to establish a Supreme War Council at Versailles.
November 7 October Revolution: Kerensky flees Petrograd just before the Petrograd Soviet seizes the Winter Palace.
Charge at Sheria
November 8 Armando Diaz replaces Luigi Cadorna as Commander-in-Chief of the Italian Army.
Charge at Huj
November 9 – December 28 First Battle of the Piave: the Austro-Hungarians and Germans try unsuccessfully to cross the river. Details
November 10 The Third Battle of Ypres (also known as Battle of Passchendaele) ends. Details
November 11 – December 23 First Battle of Monte Grappa, Austro-Hungarian offensive halted.
November 13 France: Paul Painlevé is replaced by Georges Clemenceau as Prime Minister.
Battle of Mughar Ridge
November 14 Battle of Ayun Kara
November 17 Second Battle of Heligoland Bight
November 17 – December 30 Battle of Jerusalem. The British enter the city (December 11).
November 18–24 Battle of Nebi Samwil, a phase of the Battle of Jerusalem.
November 19 Battle of Caporetto ends. Central Powers take a quarter of a million prisoners.
November 20 – December 3 First Battle of Cambrai. A British attack and the biggest German attack against the British since 1915 succeed and the battle is a stalemate.[75]
November 25 Battle of Ngomano, the Germans invade Portuguese East Africa to gain supplies.
December 1 Battle of El Burj, a phase of the Battle of Jerusalem.
December 6 Halifax Explosion: An accidental collision between the Norwegian supply ship SS Imo and the French cargo ship SS Mont-Blanc, laden with high explosives for the Western Front, leaves 2,000 dead and 9,000 injured in Richmond, Nova Scotia. It is the largest man-made explosion before the invention of atomic weapons.
December 6 Finland declares independence from Russia.
December 7 The United States declares war on Austria-Hungary.[23]
December 8 Ecuador severs relations with Germany.[23]
December 9 Romania signs an armistice with the Central Powers.
December 10 Panama declares war on Austria-Hungary.[23]
December 11 General Allenby leads British and Indian troops into Jerusalem, ending 400 years of Ottoman rule.
December 15 Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers, to take effect on December 17.
December 16 Armistice of Erzincan between the Ottomans and the Russian Special Transcaucasian Committee.
December 17 Canadian Prime Minister Robert Borden wins an enlarged majority in federal elections with the pro-conscription Unionist Party. (Details)
December 20–21 Battle of Jaffa, a phase of the Battle of Jerusalem.

1918

edit
Dates Military Diplomatic / Domestic
January 8 Woodrow Wilson outlines his Fourteen Points.
February to September Allied forces occupy the Jordan Rift Valley. (Details}
February 9 The Central Powers sign an exclusive protectorate treaty with the Ukrainian People's Republic as part of the negotiations in Brest-Litovsk. (Details)
February 15–16 Battle of Rarancza
February 18 – March 3 Operation Faustschlag, last offensive on Eastern Front.
February 19 British begin their assault on Jericho. (Details)
February 21 The British capture Jericho. (Details)
Germans capture Minsk. (Details)
February 24 Germans capture Zhytomyr. (Details)
February 25 German troops capture Tallinn. (Details)
February 28 Germans capture Pskov and Narva. (Details)
March 2 Germans capture Kiev. (Details)
March 3 At Brest-Litovsk, Leon Trotsky signs the peace treaty with Germany.[76] (Details)
March 4 First known case of what will later be called Spanish flu: Private Albert Gitchell at Camp Funston, Fort Riley, Kansas.
March 7 German artillery bombard the Americans at Rouge Bouquet.
March 8–12 Battle of Tell 'Asur
March 8–13 Battle of Bakhmach
March 11 Over 100 sick from Spanish flu in Fort Riley; first known case outside in Queens, New York.
March 21 – April 5 First phase of the Spring Offensive, called Operation Michael (also known as Second Battle of the Somme). The Germans obtain a Pyrrhic victory.
March 21–23 The Battle of St. Quentin, first phase of Operation Michael and of the Spring Offensive. (Details)
March 21 – April 2 First Transjordan attack on Amman
March 23 – August 7 Artillery bombardment of Paris (Details)
March 24–25 First Battle of Bapaume, a phase of Operation Michael. (Details)
March 25 First Battle of Noyon, a phase of Operation Michael. (Details)
March 26 French Marshal Ferdinand Foch is appointed Supreme Commander of all Allied forces.
March 26–27 Battle of Rosieres, a phase of Operation Michael. (Details)
Action of Khan Baghdadi
March 25 Penza Agreement: The Czechoslovak Legion is given free passage to Vladivostok to join the Entente in return for surrendering most weapons to the Bolsheviks.
March 27–31 First Battle of Amman, a phase Of The First Transjordan Attack.
March 28 Third Battle of Arras (also known as First Battle of Arras (1918)), a phase of Operation Michael. (Details)
March 30 – April 5 First Battle of Villers-Bretonneux, a phase of Operation Michael.
March 30 Battle of Moreuil Wood
April 1 Royal Air Force founded by combining the Royal Flying Corps and the Royal Naval Air Service.
April 4–5 Battle of the Avre, final phase of Operation Michael.
April 7–29 Second phase of the Spring Offensive, Operation Georgette (also known as Battle of the Lys). The results are disappointing for the Germans.
April 7–9 Battle of Estaires, first phase of Operation Georgette. (Details)
April 10–11 Third Battle of Messines, a phase of Operation Georgette.
April 12–13 Battle of Hazebrouck, a phase of Operation Georgette. Details
April 13–15 Battle of Bailleul, a phase of Operation Georgette. Details
April 14 Ottokar Czernin resigns as Austria-Hungary's Foreign Minister over the Sixtus Affair.
April 17–19 First Battle of Kemmelberg, a phase of Operation Georgette. Details
April 18 Battle of Bethune, a phase of Operation Georgette. Details
April 21 The Red Baron is shot down over Vaux-sur-Somme.
April 23 Guatemala declares war on Germany.[23]
April 24–27 Second Battle of Villers-Bretonneux, a phase of Operation Georgette.
April 25–26 Second Battle of Kemmelberg, a phase of Operation Georgette. Details
April 28 Gavrilo Princip dies in Terezín prison, from tuberculosis.
April 29 Battle of Scherpenberg, final phase of Operation Georgette. Details
April 30 – May 4 Second Transjordan attack on Shunet Nimrin and Es Salt.
May 7 Treaty of Bucharest between Romania and the Central Powers. It will never be ratified. Details
May 8 Nicaragua declares war on Germany and Austria-Hungary.[23]
May 10–11 Battle of Kaniow.
May 14 Clash at Chelyabinsk station between Hungarian POWs heading west to be repatriated and Czechoslovaks going east. Trotsky orders the arrest of the Czechoslovak Legion, but they revolt and seize several towns along the Trans-Siberian Railway. Details
May 21 Ottomans invade Armenia. Details
May 21–29 Battle of Sardarabad, a phase of the invasion of Armenia.
Battle of Abaran, a phase of the invasion of Armenia.
May 23 Costa Rica declares war on Germany.[23]
May 24–28 Battle of Karakilisa, a phase of the invasion of Armenia.
May 27 – June 6 Third Battle of the Aisne (also known as Operation Blücher-Yorck, third phase of the Spring Offensive). After initial gains, the German advance is halted. Details
May 28 Battle of Cantigny.
May 29–31 Battle of Skra-di-Legen
June 1–26 Battle of Belleau Wood, part of the German Spring Offensive.
June 8 Action of Arsuf.
Ottomans re-enter Tabriz. Details
June 8 The Czechoslovak Legion forms the Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly in Samara. Stanislav Čeček calls to join forces with anti-Bolshevik Russians to overthrow the Communist government and reignite the Eastern Front. Details
June 8 – October Germany interferes in the Caucasus. Details
June 9–12 Fourth phase of the Spring Offensive, Operation Gneisenau (also known as Battle of Matz). Despite substantial territorial gains, the Germans do not achieve their strategic goals Details
June 13 Provisional Siberian Government formed in Omsk.
June 15–23 Second Battle of the Piave: the Austro-Hungarian offensive is repelled. Details
June 15–31 Ottomans occupy Dilman, Khoy and Urmia. Details.
June 23 British and French troops land at Murmansk in Northern Russia. It's the beginning of Allied Intervention in the Russian Civil War on the White Army's side. Details.
July 4 Battle of Hamel.
July 12 Haiti declares war on Germany.[23]
July 14 Battle of Abu Tellul.
July 15 – August 6 Second Battle of the Marne and last German offensive on the Western Front, which fails when the Germans are counterattacked by the French. Details
July 15–17 Champagne-Marne Offensive (consisting of the Fourth Battle of Champagne and the Battle of the Mountain of Reims), a phase of the Second Battle of the Marne. last phase of the Spring Offensive and last German offensive of World War I. Details
July 17 Nicholas II and his family are executed by the Bolsheviks, out of fear that they might be released by Czechoslovak and White troops. Details
July 18 Battle of Chateau-Thierry, a phase of the Second Battle of the Marne. Details
July 18–22 Battle of Soissons,a phase of the Second Battle of the Marne. Details
July 19 Battle of Tardenois, a phase of the Second Battle of the Marne.
Honduras declares war on Germany.[23]
August Spanish flu virus mutates: Simultaneous deadlier outbreaks in Brest, Freetown and Boston.
August 5 The Czechoslovak People's Army of Komuch takes Kazan from the Bolsheviks and captures the Imperial Russian gold reserve. Details
August 8 – November 11 Hundred Days Offensive, last offensive on Western Front.
August 8–12 Battle of Amiens, first phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. Details
August 9–12 Battle of Montdidier.
August 13 – September 3 Battle of San Matteo.
August 17–29 Second Battle of Noyon, a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. Details
August 21 – September 3 Second Battle of the Somme (also known as Third battle of the Somme), a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. Details
August 21–22 Third Battle of Albert, opening phase of the Second Battle of the Somme. Details
August 21 – September 3 Second Battle of Bapaume, a phase of the Second Battle of the Somme.
August 26 – September 3 Fourth Battle of Arras (also known as Second Battle of Arras (1918)), a phase of the Second Battle of the Somme Details
August 26–30 Fourth Battle of the Scarpe (also known as Battle of the Scarpe (1918)), a phase of the Fourth Battle of Arras. Details
August 26 – September 14 Battle of Baku, last Turkish offensive of the war.
August 30–31 Battle of Lioma.
August 31 – September 3 Battle of Mont Saint-Quentin, a phase of the Second Battle of the Somme.
September 1–2 Battle of Peronne, a phase of the Battle of Mont Saint-Quentin. Details
September 2–3 Battle of Drocourt-Queant Line, final phase of the Second Battle of the Somme. Details
September 8–23 Ufa Conference: Formation of the Provisional All-Russian Government with the support of the Czechoslovak Legion.
September 10 Battle of Savy-Dallon, a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. Details
September 12 Battle of Havrincourt, a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. Details
September 12–19 Battle of Saint-Mihiel, a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive.
September 14 Battle of Vauxaillon, a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. Details
September 14–29 Vardar Offensive, final offensive on the Balkan Front.
September 15 The Allies (French and Serbs) break through the Bulgarian lines at Dobro Polje, a phase of the Vardar Offensive. Details
September 18 Battle of Epehy, a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive.
September 18–19 Third Battle of Doiran, a phase of the Vardar Offensive, The Bulgarians halt the British and Greek advance. Details
September 18 – October 17 Battle of the Hindenburg Line, a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. The Allies break through the German lines. Details
September 19–25 Battle of Megiddo. The British conquer Palestine. Details
Battle of Nablus, a phase of the Battle of Meggido. Details
Third Transjordan attack, a phase of the Battle of Nablus.
Battle of Sharon, a phase of the Battle of Megiddo.
September 22 The British capture Jisr ed Damieh in the Battle of Sharon. Details
September 25 The British capture Tiberias during the Battle of Sharon. Details
September 19 Battle of Tulkarm, a phase of the Battle of Sharon.
Battle of Arara, a phase of the Battle of Sharon.
September 19–20 Battle of Tabsor, a phase of the Battle of Sharon.
September 20 Capture of Jenin, a phase of the Battle of Sharon.
British capture both Afulah and Beisan during the Battle of Sharon. Details
September 20–21 Battle of Nazareth, a phase of the Battle of Sharon.
September 23 Battle of Haifa, a phase of the Battle of Sharon. Details
September 25 Battle of Samakh, a phase of the Battle of Sharon.
Second Battle of Amman, a phase of the Third Transjordan Attack.
September 26 – November 11 Meuse-Argonne Offensive, the final phase of the Hundred Days Offensive and of World War I. Details
September 26 – October 1 The British enter Damascus. Details
September 26 Battle of Somme-Py (Initial phase of the Meuse-Argonne Offensive). Details
Charge at Irbid, a phase of the Capture of Damascus.
September 26–27 British capture Deraa during the Capture of Damascus. Details
September 27 Battle of Jisr Benat Yakub, a phase of the Capture of Damascus.
September 27 – October 1 Battle of the Canal du Nord, a phase of the Battle of the Hindenburg Line.
September 28 – October 2 Fifth Battle of Ypres (also known as Advance on Flanders), a phase of the Battle of the Hindenburg Line.
September 29 – October 10 Battle of St. Quentin Canal, a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive.
September 30 Bulgaria signs an armistice with the Allies.[77]
Battle of Saint-Thierry (Initial phase of the Meuse-Argonne Offensive). Details
Charge at Kaukab, a phase of the Capture of Damascus.
Charge at Kiswe, a phase of the Capture of Damascus.
October 3 Tsar Ferdinand I of Bulgaria abdicates and Boris III accedes to the throne.
October 3–27 Pursuit to Haritan.
Battle of Blanc Mont Ridge.
October 4 Germany requests an Armistice to U.S. President Woodrow Wilson. He demands German withdrawal from all occupied territory, and the Kaiser's abdication.
October 8–10 Second Battle of Cambrai (also known as Battle of Cambrai (1918)), a phase of the Battle of the Hindenburg Line. Details
October 14–17 Battle of Montfaucon (intermediate phase of the Meuse-Argonne Offensive). Details
October 14–19 Battle of Courtrai, closing phase of the Hundred Days offensive. Details
October 15 Battle of Mont-D'Origny, a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. Details
October 17–26 Battle of the Selle, closing phase of the Hundred Days Offensive.
October 20 Germany suspends submarine warfare. Details
Battle of Lys and Escaut (Which included the Second Battle of Lys and the Battle of the Escaut), a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. Details
Battle of Serre, a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. Details
October 23–30 Battle of Sharqat.
October 24 – November 4 Battle of Vittorio Veneto. The Austro-Hungarian army is routed. The Italians enter Trent and land at Triest. Details
October 24–28 Second Battle of Monte Grappa, beginning phase of Vittorio Veneto.
October 25 Battle of Aleppo. Details
October 29 Wilhelm Groener replaces Erich Ludendorff as Hindenburg's deputy. Details
Germany's Hochseeflotte mutinies.[78] Details
State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs proclaimed. Details
October 30 The Ottoman Empire signs the Armistice of Mudros. Details
November First Spanish flu cases in Spain, where reports on the disease are published freely due to the lack of wartime censorship.
November 1 Battle of Chesne (Closing phase of the Meuse-Argonne Offensive). Details
November 1–2 Battle of Valenciennes, closing phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. Details
November 3 Austria-Hungary signs the armistice with Italy, effective November 4.[79]
November 4 Battle of the Sambre, closing phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. Details
Second Battle of Guise, a phase of the Battle of Sambre. Details
Battle of Thierache, a phase of the Battle of Sambre. Details
November 6–11 Advance to the Meuse.
November 9 Germany: Kaiser William II abdicates; republic proclaimed.[80] Details
November 10 Austria-Hungary: Kaiser Charles I abdicates. Details
Romania renews the war against the Central Powers.[23]
November 11 At 6 am, Germany signs the Armistice of Compiègne. End of fighting at 11 a.m..[81] Details
Poland proclaimed.
November 12 Austria proclaimed a republic.
November 14 Czechoslovakia proclaimed a republic. Details
German U-boats interned.
3 days after the armistice, fighting ends in the East African theater when General von Lettow-Vorbeck agrees a cease-fire on hearing of Germany's surrender. Details
November 18 Alexander Kolchak seizes control of the Provisional All-Russian Government in a coup.
November 21 Germany's Hochseeflotte surrendered to the United Kingdom.[78] Details
November 22 The Germans evacuate Luxembourg.
November 25 11 days after agreeing a cease-fire, General von Lettow-Vorbeck formally surrenders his undefeated army at Abercorn in present-day Zambia. Details
November 27 The Germans evacuate Belgium.
December 1 Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes proclaimed. Details

1919

edit
Dates Military Diplomatic / Domestic
Jan 5 Hermann Detzner surrenders at the Finschhafen District of New Guinea.
Jan 10 Fakhri Pasha surrenders at Medina. (Details)
Jan 18 Treaty of Versailles between the Allies and Germany: the Peace Conference opens in Paris.[82] (Details)
Jan 25 Proposal to create the League of Nations accepted.
Jan 27 The Czechoslovak Legion assumes complete control of the Trans-Siberian Railway.
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun 21 German High Seas Fleet (53 ships) scuttled in Scapa Flow with nine deaths, the last casualties of the war.[78] (Details)
Jun 28 Treaty of Versailles signed.[83]
Jul 8 Germany ratifies the Treaty of Versailles.[84]
Jul 21 The United Kingdom ratifies the Treaty of Versailles.[85]
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov 10–11 A Banquet in Honour of The President of the French Republic is hosted by King George V and held at Buckingham Palace during the evening hours of November 10. The very first Armistice Day is held on the Grounds of Buckingham Palace on the Morning of November 11. This will set the trend for the later Remembrance Day.
Nov 14 The Bolsheviks take Omsk. Kolchak's retreat east is impeded by the Czechoslovaks denying him use of the Trans-Siberian.

1920

edit
Dates Events
January 4 A coup in Irkutsk deposes Kolchak. (Details)
January 10 First meeting of the League of Nations held in London. Official end of World War I.
Free City of Danzig established.[86]
January 20 Irkutsk surrenders to the Bolsheviks.
January 21 The Paris Peace Conference ends.
February 7 Armistice between the Bolsheviks and the Czechoslovak Legion. The Czechoslovaks surrender the Russian gold reserves and Kolchak in return for free passage to Vladivostok. Kolchak and his Prime Minister, Viktor Pepelyayev are executed.
February 10 A plebiscite returns Northern Schleswig to Denmark.[87] (Details)
April 19–26 Conference of Sanremo, Italy, about League of Nations mandates in former Ottoman territories of the Middle East. (Details)
June 4 Treaty of Trianon between the Allies and Hungary.
August 10 Treaty of Sèvres between the Allies and the Ottoman Empire. The treaty is not recognized by the Turkish national movement, which considers the Istanbul government illegitimate.[88]
September 8 Gabriele D'Annunzio proclaims in Fiume the Italian Regency of Carnaro.
November 1 League of Nations headquarters moved to Geneva, Switzerland.
November 12 Treaty of Rapallo between Italy and Yugoslavia. Zadar is annexed by Italy and the Free State of Fiume is established.
November 15 The League of Nations holds its first general assembly.

Post-1920

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Dates Events
1921
October 13 Treaty of Kars between Bolshevik Russia and Turkey. Details
1922
February 6 Washington Naval Treaty, limiting naval tonnage, signed by France, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States. Details
April 10 – May 19 Genoa Conference. Representatives of 34 countries discuss economics in the wake of the Great War. Details
April 16 Treaty of Rapallo between Germany and Bolshevik Russia to normalize diplomatic relations. Details
September 11 Treaty of Kars ratified in Yerevan, Armenia. Details
1923
June 16 The Russian Civil War ends.
July 24 Treaty of Lausanne between the Allies and Turkey, successor State to the Ottoman Empire. It supersedes the Treaty of Sèvres.[89] Details
1924
January 27 Treaty of Rome between Italy and Yugoslavia. Fiume is annexed by Italy and the neighboring town of Sušak is assigned to Yugoslavia. Details
2010
October 3 Germany makes final reparations payments. Details

Notes

edit
  1. ^ Albertini 1953, p. 38.
  2. ^ Keegan 1998, p. 53.
  3. ^ Lowe 1994, p. 202.
  4. ^ "Kriegserklärung [Declaration of War], Wiener Zeitung [Vienna Newspaper], July 28, 1914, Extraausgabe [Special Edition], Amtlicher Teil [Official Section], 19" (PDF). Library of Congress.
  5. ^ a b "Kaiser Wilhelm of Germany and Czar Nicholas of Russia exchange telegrams - Jul 29, 1914 - HISTORY.com". Retrieved 2016-10-01.
  6. ^ a b "Historical Events on August 1". OnThisDay.com. Retrieved 2018-01-03.
  7. ^ Willmott 2003, p. 29.
  8. ^ "Telegramm des Reichskanzlers an den Kaiserlichen Botschafter in Petersburg von 1. August 12:52 p.m. Dringend [ Telegram from the Imperial Chancellor to the Imperial Ambassador in Petersburg, August 1, 12:52 p.m. Urgent], in Auswärtiges Amt [Foreign Office], Das Deutsche Weissbuch, über den Ausbruch des Deutsch-Russisch-Französischen Krieges, Nach dem dem Reichstag Vorgelegten Material [The German White Book, on the Outbreak of the German-Russian-French War, According to the Documents Provided to the Reichstag] (Neumünster/Leipzig: Nordische Velagsanstalt, R. Hieronymus, 1914), 46, Anlage [Annex] 26" (PDF). Library of Congress.
  9. ^ "The Italian Declaration of Neutrality - World War I Document Archive". wwi.lib.byu.edu. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
  10. ^ "Denmark | International Encyclopedia of the First World War (WW1)". encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net. Retrieved 2015-12-22.
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  15. ^ Keegan 1998, p. 69.
  16. ^ "Note remise par M. [Julien] Davignon, Ministre des Affaires étrangères, à M. de Below Saleske, Ministre d'Allemagne, Bruxelles, le 3 août 1914 (7 heures du matin) [Note Given by M. [Julien] Davignon, Minister of Foreign Affairs, to M. de Below Saleske, Minister of Germany, Brussels, August 3, 1914, 7 in the morning], in Documents Diplomatiques 1914: La Guerre Européenne (Paris: Ministère des Affaires Étrangères, 1914), 202" (PDF). Library of Congress.
  17. ^ "August 1914: the outbreak of war". Switzerland and the First World War. Retrieved 2015-12-22.
  18. ^ F.A. Kuenzli, Right and Duty, or Citizen and Soldier: Switzerland Prepared and at Peace, A Model for the United States (New York: National Defense Institute, 1916), 94.
  19. ^ "Invasion of Belgium". Spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2013-11-18. Retrieved 2013-11-13.
  20. ^ "Daily Mirror Headlines: The Declaration of War, Published 4 August 1914". bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 9 February 2010.
  21. ^ "Historians attempt to find WWI's first shot deep in Australian waters". ABC. Retrieved 16 September 2014.
  22. ^ Neiberg 2005, pp. 54–55.
  23. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap Duffy 2009. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFDuffy2009 (help)
  24. ^ "Así se vivió la grerra en España". elmundo.es. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
  25. ^ https://ifc.dpz.es/recursos/publicaciones/35/22/10pereira.pdf
  26. ^ "Montenegro Declares War on Germany". World History Project. Retrieved 2016-06-17.
  27. ^ "Declaration of War Against Austria-Hungary, Aug. 12, 1914 The war against Austria-Hungary was declared on August 12, 1914, and the Declaration was published in the London Gazette on the following day. Foreign Office, Notice of State of War Between Great Britain and Austria-Hungary, August 12, 1914, Supplement to the London Gazette no. 28868 (August 13, 1914): 6375" (PDF).
  28. ^ Tucker 2005, p. 605.
  29. ^ Tucker 2005, p. 374.
  30. ^ Tucker 2005, p. 445.
  31. ^ Tucker 2005, p. 459.
  32. ^ Farwell 1989, p. 353.
  33. ^ "Austria-Hungary Declares War on Belgium". World History Project. Retrieved 2016-06-17.
  34. ^ "Петроград — Энциклопедия "Вокруг света"". www.vokrugsveta.ru. Retrieved 2017-11-13.
  35. ^ Creveld 1977, p. 121.
  36. ^ Tucker 2005, p. xviii.
  37. ^ Tucker 2005, p. 316.
  38. ^ "Foreign Office, Notice of State of War Between Great Britain and Turkey, November 5, 1914, London Gazette no. 28965 (November 6, 1914): 9011".
  39. ^ Tucker 2005, p. 943.
  40. ^ "Rusya Fransa ve İngiltere devletleriyle hal-i harb ilanı hakkında irade-i seniyye [Imperial Decree Concerning the Declaration of a State of War with the States of Russia, France, and the United Kingdom], Nov. 11, 1914 (29 Teşrin-i Evvel 1330), Takvim-i Vekayi, Nov. 12, 1914 (30 Teşrin-i Evvel 1330)" (PDF). Library of Congress.
  41. ^ Tucker 2005, p. 407.
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  43. ^ Tucker 2005, p. 1052.
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  45. ^ Duffy, Michael (2009-08-22). "The Battle of Bolimov, 1915". Firstworldwar.com. Retrieved 2013-11-13.
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  89. ^ Tucker 2005, p. 674.

See also

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References

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Further reading

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World War I Timeline Category:United States military history timelines

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