User:Ironholds/Sandbox2

Life

Early life

A portrait of Donne as a young man, c. 1595.

Donne was born on 21 January 1572, the third of six children, to John Donne, an ironmonger, and his wife Elizabeth. His father was a wealthy ironmonger and one of the wardens of the Worshipful Company of Ironmongers, who claimed descent from Welsh nobility but was considered merely a "Broad Street tradesman", while his mother was descended from a family of Catholic aristocrats, including Sir Thomas More; the result was that Donne had two "great life problems"; Roman Catholicism, and an uneasy social status. After his father died when he was four, Donne was, instead of being prepared to enter a trade, trained as a gentleman scholar, using the money his father had made from ironmongering to hire private tutors who trained him in grammar, rhetoric, mathematics, history and foreign languages. Elizabeth soon remarried to a wealthy doctor, ensuring the family remained comfortable; as a result, despite being the son of an ironmonger and portraying himself in his early poetry as an outsider, he refused to accept he was anything other than a gentleman.

At the age of twelve, Donne matriculated to Hart Hall, Oxford, although his age was given as eleven to avoid having to swear the Oath of Supremacy, which conflicted with his Catholic faith. Although noted as "brilliant", Donne's main achievement at Oxford was the social connections he made, becoming friends with Henry Wotton, later Ambassador to Venice, and Richard Martin, who served as Recorder of London. In any case, he did not complete his degree, since graduation similarly required the Oath of Supremacy. Historians are uncertain as to where he went next; owing to the paucity of sources theories are as varied as having him study at the University of Cambridge, or travel abroad and participate in the Fall of Antwerp.

He does not re-emerge in records until 1591, when he became a student of Thavie's Inn. From 1592 to 1595 he studied at Lincoln's Inn, one of the Inns of Court where lawyers were trained; although expected to learn the law, he instead occupied his time with history, poetry, theology and "Humane learning and languages". It was at Lincoln's Inn that Donne first began writing poetry, looking upon it as "a life-sign or minor irritation" rather than something which defined him. Although not published until 1633, after his death, the majority of his collection Songs and Sonnets was written while a law student, including his poem The Good-Morrow.

Bibliography

• Carey, John (2008). John Donne: Life, Mind and Art. Faber & Faber. ISBN 9780571244461.
• Post, Jonathan F.S. (2006). Achsah Guibbory (ed.). Donne's life: a sketch. The Cambridge Companion to John Donne. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521540032.
• Stubbs, John (2007). Donne: The Reformed Soul. Penguin Books. ISBN 9780141017174.