User:J. 'mach' wust/sandbox

2015-12-30 list of pages that have `speakers=?` in the language infobox

No need for any complicated stuff – the category existed all along and nobody told anybody about it:

Category:Language articles with speakers set to 'unknown'

Edit history of ⟨ɵ⟩

History of how the sign ⟨ɵ⟩ has been defined on Help:IPA for English.

Description	Footnote	Diff
Description	Footnote	Link	Summary	Date	Editor
following	Pronounced as [ə] in many dialects, or [əw] before another vowel, as in cooperate.	[1]		2009-05-20 18:14:46	Kwamikagami
following	Pronounced as [ə] in many dialects, or [əw] before another vowel, as in cooperate. Sometimes pronounced as a full /oʊ/, especially in careful speech.	[2]		2009-05-20 18:21:33	Kwamikagami
following	Pronounced as [ə] in many dialects, and [ɵw] or [əw] before another vowel, as in cooperate. Sometimes pronounced as a full /oʊ/, especially in careful speech.	[3]		2009-06-28 21:57:06	Kwamikagami
following, omission	Pronounced [ə] in many dialects, and [ɵw] or [əw] before another vowel, as in cooperate. Sometimes pronounced as a full /oʊ/, especially in careful speech. (Bolinger 1989)	[4]	ref for ɵ	2009-06-28 23:04:51	Kwamikagami
~~following~~kilogram, omission	Pronounced [ə] in many dialects, and [ɵw] or [əw] before another vowel, as in cooperate. Sometimes pronounced as a full /oʊ/, especially in careful speech. (Bolinger 1989) Usually transcribed as /ə(ʊ)/ (or similar ways of showing variation between /əʊ/ and /ə/) in British dictionaries.	[5]	mentioning more common transcription for ɵ. (BTW, is there anyone who would end "follow" with a schwa? If not, what's wrong with transcribing "following" as "follow" + /ɨŋ/, in a phonemic transcription?)	2009-09-08 01:32:47	A. di M.
~~kilogram,~~ omission	Pronounced [ə] in many dialects, and [ɵw] or [əw] before another vowel, as in cooperate. Sometimes pronounced as a full /oʊ/, especially in careful speech. (Bolinger 1989) Usually transcribed as /ə(ʊ)/ (or similar ways of showing variation between /əʊ/ and /ə/) in British dictionaries.	[6]	rm. kg per Talk^{[note 1]}	2010-03-30 18:18:23	Kwamikagami
omission (either oʊ or ə)	Pronounced [ə] in many dialects, and [ɵw] or [əw] before another vowel, as in cooperate. Sometimes pronounced as a full /oʊ/, especially in careful speech. (Bolinger 1989) Usually transcribed as /ə(ʊ)/ (or similar ways of showing variation between /əʊ/ and /ə/) in British dictionaries.	[7]	clarification of variation of red. vowels, per talk^{[note 2]}	2010-08-10 23:31:29	A. di M.
omission (either oʊ or ə)	Pronounced [ə] in many dialects, and [ɵw] or [əw] before another vowel, as in cooperate. Sometimes pronounced as a full /oʊ/, especially in careful speech. (Bolinger 1989) Usually transcribed as /ə(ʊ)/ (or similar ways of showing variation between /əoʊ/ and /ə/) in British dictionaries.	[8]		2013-05-29 14:49:13	Lfdder
omission (either oʊ or ə)	Pronounced [ə] in many dialects, and [ɵw] or [əw] before another vowel, as in cooperate. Sometimes pronounced as a full /oʊ/, especially in careful speech. ~~(Bolinger 1989)~~^{[ref 1]} Usually transcribed as /ə(ʊ)/ (or similar ways of showing variation between /oʊ/ and /ə/) in British dictionaries.	[9]	Converting raw external links to references	2015-03-13 13:38:07	SnorlaxMonster
omission (either oʊ or ə)	~~Pronounced~~/ɵ/ is pronounced as [ə] in many dialects, and [ɵw] or [əw] before another vowel, as in cooperate. Sometimes pronounced as a full /oʊ/, especially in careful speech.^{[ref 1]} Usually transcribed as /ə(ʊ)/ (or similar ways of showing variation between /oʊ/ and /ə/) in British dictionaries.	[10]	fix error; rewrite notes so that all have full sentences; logically necessary statement on /r/	2015-04-14 08:16:56	Erutuon
omission (either oʊ or ə)	/ɵ/ is pronounced as [ə] in many dialects, and [ɵw] or [əw] before another vowel, as in cooperate. Sometimes pronounced as a full /oʊ/, especially in careful speech.~~^{[ref 1]}~~^{[ref 2]} Usually transcribed as /ə(ʊ)/ (or similar ways of showing variation between /oʊ/ and /ə/) in British dictionaries.	[11]	full citation for Bolinger	2015-05-27 19:15:03	Aeusoes1
omission (either /oʊ/ or /ə/)	/ɵ/ is pronounced as [ə] in many dialects, and [ɵw] or [əw] before another vowel, as in cooperate. Sometimes pronounced as a full /oʊ/, especially in careful speech.^{[ref 2]} Usually transcribed as /ə(ʊ)/ (or similar ways of showing variation between /oʊ/ and /ə/) in British dictionaries.	[12]	added missing slashes or brackets	2015-10-22 10:37:22	J. 'mach' wust
omission (either /oʊ/ or /ə/)	/ɵ/ is pronounced as [ə] in many dialects, and [ɵw] or [əw] before another vowel, as in cooperate. Sometimes pronounced as a full /oʊ/, especially in careful speech.~~^{[ref 2]}~~^{[ref 3]} Usually transcribed as /ə(ʊ)/ (or similar ways of showing variation between /oʊ/ and /ə/) in British dictionaries.	[13]	correction to Bolinger reference	2015-12-16 10:51:17	J. 'mach' wust
~~omission (either /oʊ/ or /ə/)~~	/ɵ/ is pronounced as [ə] in many dialects, and [ɵw] or [əw] before another vowel, as in cooperate. Sometimes pronounced as a full /oʊ/, especially in careful speech.^{[ref 3]} Usually transcribed as /ə(ʊ)/ (or similar ways of showing variation between /oʊ/ and /ə/) in British dictionaries.	[14]	stop recommending ⟨ɵ⟩ per Help talk:IPA for English#RfC: Should we continue recommending the sign ⟨ɵ⟩?	2016-01-16 13:35:33	J. 'mach' wust

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Bolinger 1989
^ ^a ^b ^c Bolinger, Dwight (1989), Intonation and Its Uses:Melody in Grammar and Discourse, Stanford University Press, ISBN 0-8047-1535-1
^ ^a ^b Bolinger, Dwight (1986), Intonation and Its Parts: Melody in Spoken English, Stanford University Press, pp. 347–360, ISBN 0-8047-1241-7

Notes

^ Probably referring to Help talk:IPA/English#Kilogram vs. omission.
^ Probably referring to Help talk:IPA/English#ʉ.

On talk

Help talk:IPA for English/Archive 6#Questions:

Help talk:IPA for English/Archive 7#BATH vowel:

[18]

Discussions of superscript r on Help talk:IPA for English

Find ⟨ɵ⟩

Sources for copying:

{{refn|{{Citation |last=Jones |first=Daniel |author-link=Daniel Jones (phonetician) |title=English Pronouncing Dictionary |editors=Peter Roach, James Hartmann and Jane Setter |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |orig-year=1917 |year=2003 |isbn=3-12-539683-2 }}}}
{{refn|{{OxfordDictionaries.com|accessdate={{subst:CURRENTYEAR}}-{{subst:CURRENTMONTH}}-{{subst:CURRENTDAY2}}|{{IPAc-en}}}}
{{refn|{{MerriamWebsterDictionary|accessdate={{subst:CURRENTYEAR}}-{{subst:CURRENTMONTH}}-{{subst:CURRENTDAY2}}|{{IPAc-en}}}}
{{refn|{{Dictionary.com|accessdate={{subst:CURRENTYEAR}}-{{subst:CURRENTMONTH}}-{{subst:CURRENTDAY2}}|{{IPAc-en}}}}
{{refn|{{cite web |url=http://www.loc.gov/nls/other/sayhow.html |title=NLS: Say How |publisher=[[National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped]] |access-date={{subst:CURRENTYEAR}}-{{subst:CURRENTMONTH}}-{{subst:CURRENTDAY2}} }}}}
{{refn|{{cite web |url=http://www.finegardening.com/pronunciation-guide/s?page=3 |title=Pronunciation Guide |website=[[Fine Gardening]] |accessdate={{subst:CURRENTYEAR}}-{{subst:CURRENTMONTH}}-{{subst:CURRENTDAY2}} }}}}
{{refn|{{cite book |editor1-last=Bolles |editor1-first=William |date=1845 |title=An Explanatory and Phonographic Pronouncing Dictionary of the English Language |url={{Google books|2qkVAAAAYAAJ|page=859|plainurl=yes|keywords=Cleocharia}} |location=New London |publisher=Bolles & Williams |page=859 }}}}

[bolinger1989-3] Bolinger 1989

[bolinger1989bis-4] Bolinger, Dwight (1989), Intonation and Its Uses:Melody in Grammar and Discourse, Stanford University Press, ISBN 0-8047-1535-1

[bolinger1986-5] Bolinger, Dwight (1986), Intonation and Its Parts: Melody in Spoken English, Stanford University Press, pp. 347–360, ISBN 0-8047-1241-7

[1] Probably referring to Help talk:IPA/English#Kilogram vs. omission.

[2] Probably referring to Help talk:IPA/English#ʉ.

[note 1]

[note 2]

[ref 1]

[ref 2]

[ref 3]