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細川氏
JMvanDijk/Sandbox 9/Box 9/Box 8; 細川氏
	The emblem (mon) of the Hosokawa clan
Home province	Various
Parent house	Ashikaga clan
Titles	Various
Founder	Ashikaga Yoshisue
Current head	Morihiro Hosokawa
Dissolution	still extant
Ruled until	1947, Constitution of Japan renders titles obsolete
Cadet branches	Nagaoka clan; Kumamoto; Kumamoto-Shinden; Udo; Hitachi-Yatabe; Saikyu clan

The Hosokawa clan (細川氏, Hosokawa-shi) was a Japanese samurai kin group or clan.^[1]

Ancestors

History

The clan was descended from the Seiwa Genji, a branch of the Minamoto clan, and ultimately from Emperor Seiwa himself, through the Ashikaga clan.^[2] It produced many prominent officials in the Ashikaga shogunate's administration. In the Edo period, the Hosokawa clan was one of the largest landholding daimyō families in Japan. In the present day, the current clan head Morihiro Hosokawa, has served as Prime Minister of Japan.

Muromachi and Sengoku eras

Ashikaga Yoshisue, son of Ashikaga Yoshizane, was the first to take the name of Hosokawa. Hosokawa Yoriharu, a Hosokawa of the late Kamakura period, fought for the Ashikaga clan against the Kamakura shogunate. Another, Hosokawa Akiuji, helped establish the Ashikaga shogunate.

The clan wielded significant power over the course of the Muromachi (1336–1467), Sengoku (1467–1600), and Edo periods, moving, however, from Shikoku, to Kinai, and then to Kyūshū over the centuries.

The clan was also one of three families to dominate the post of Kanrei (Shōgun's deputy), under the Ashikaga shogunate. One such individual was Hosokawa Yoriyuki.^[3] At the beginning of the Ashikaga's rule, the Hosokawa were given control of the entirety of Shikoku. Over the course of this period, members of the Hosokawa clan were Constables (shugo) of Awa, Awaji, Bitchū, Izumi, Sanuki, Settsu, Tanba, Tosa, and Yamashiro Provinces.

Hosokawa Tadaoki, retainer of Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi

A conflict between Hosokawa Katsumoto, the fifth Kanrei, and his father-in-law Yamana Sōzen, over the shogunate's succession, sparked the Ōnin War, which led to the fall of the shogunate and a period of 150 years of chaos and war, known as the Sengoku period. Following the fall of the Ashikaga shogunate, which was based in Kyoto, control of the city, and thus ostensibly the country, fell into the hands of the Hosokawa clan (who held the post of Kyoto Kanrei – Shōgun's deputy in Kyoto) for a few generations.

Katsumoto's son, Hosokawa Masamoto, held power in this way at the end of the 15th century, but was assassinated in 1507. After his death, the clan became divided and was weakened by internecine fighting. What power they still had, however, was centered in and around Kyoto. This gave them the leverage to consolidate their power to some extent, and came to be strong rivals with the Ōuchi clan, both politically, and in terms of dominating trade with China.^[4] The Hosokawa remained in Kyoto for roughly one hundred years, fleeing the city when it was attacked by Oda Nobunaga. Another division of the clan whom many have believe had extinct is the Saikyū clan (細九氏).

Edo period

Hosokawa Shigekata, mid-Edo period daimyō of the Kumamoto domain

Hosokawa Gyōbu mansion

The Hosokawa of Kokura (later Kumamoto) became the "main" line of the Hosokawa clan during the Edo period. Hosokawa Gracia, the wife of Hosokawa Tadaoki, was one of the most famous samurai converts to Christianity; she was also the daughter of Akechi Mitsuhide.

The Hosokawa sided with Tokugawa Ieyasu against Ishida Mitsunari during the decisive Sekigahara Campaign, and thus were made fudai (inside) daimyō under the Tokugawa shogunate. They were given Higo Province, with an income of 540,000 koku, as their han (fief).

Hosokawa Tadatoshi, the third lord of Kumamoto, was the patron of the swordsman Miyamoto Musashi.^[5]

Though the Hosokawa domain was far from the capital, on Kyūshū, they were among the wealthiest of the daimyōs. By 1750, Higo was one of the top producers of rice, and was in fact counted as a standard by the Osaka rice brokers. The domain suffered from serious economic decline after that, as most domains did, but the sixth lord, Hosokawa Shigekata (1718–1785, r. 1747–1785) instituted a number of reforms which turned the situation around. He also founded a Han school, Jishūkan, in 1755.^[6] In later years, it produced many scholars such as Yokoi Shōnan.

In 1787, the main family line descended from Tadatoshi became extinct with the death of the 7th lord, Shigekata's son Harutoshi (1758–1787; r. 1785–1787). He was succeeded by his distant cousin Narishige, the sixth Lord of Udo (1755–c1835, r. 1787–1810) a direct descendant of Tadatoshi's younger brother Yukitaka (1615–1645). In 1810, Narishige abdicated his title in favor of his elder son Naritatsu (1788–1826, r. 1810–1826), who succeeded as the ninth lord of Kumamoto. Naritatsu died without an heir in 1826, and was succeeded by his nephew Narimori (1804–1860, r. 1826–1860), the son of Naritatsu's younger brother Tatsuyuki (1784–1818), who was the seventh lord of Udo.^[7]

Following the death of Narimori in 1860, his elder son Yoshikuni (1835–1876, r. 1860–1871) succeeded him as the eleventh and final ruling lord of Kumamoto.

There were four major branches of the Hosokawa clan in the Edo period, each of which held the title of daimyō. Another two branches of the family, under the Nagaoka surname, served the Hosokawa of Kumamoto as karō. The residence of one of those families, Hosokawa Gyōbu mansion (細川刑部邸, Hosokawa Gyōbu-tei), is still extant, and is a Tangible Cultural Property of Kumamoto Prefecture.

Boshin War

During the Boshin War of 1868–69, the Hosokawa of Kumamoto, Kumamoto-Shinden, and Udo sided with the imperial government. Its forces took part in the Battle of Aizu and the Battle of Hakodate, among others.

Meiji and beyond

Following the abolition of the feudal class in 1871, the Hosokawa clan and its branches were made part of the new nobility in the Meiji era. The head of the main family line (Kumamoto) was given the hereditary title of marquis (kōshaku), while the heads of the secondary branches became viscounts (shishaku); the titles became obsolete in 1947. The present head of the main family line, Morihiro Hosokawa, former Prime Minister of Japan, is a descendant of the Hosokawa of Kumamoto.

Key Genealogies

Main Branch

Hosokawa Yoshisue
Hosokawa Akiuji (adopted)
Hosokawa Kimiyori
Hosokawa Kazuuji (1296–1342)
Hosokawa Kiyouji (d.1362)
Hosokawa Yoriyuki
Hosokawa Yorimoto (1343–1397)
Hosokawa Mitsumoto (1378–1426)
Hosokawa Mochimoto (1399–1429)
Hosokawa Mochiyuki (1400–1442)
Hosokawa Katsumoto
Hosokawa Masamoto
Hosokawa Sumiyuki (1489–1507)
Hosokawa Sumimoto
Hosokawa Takakuni
Hosokawa Tanekuni (1508–1525)
Hosokawa Harumoto
Hosokawa Ujitsuna (1514–1564)
Hosokawa Akimoto (1548–1615)
Hosokawa Motokatsu (1561–1628)
Hosokawa Yoshimoto

Kumamoto^[8] (Become Main Branch)

Hosokawa Fujitaka
Hosokawa Tadaoki
Hosokawa Tadatoshi
Hosokawa Mitsunao
Hosokawa Tsunatoshi (1643–1714)
Hosokawa Nobunori (1676–1732)
Hosokawa Munetaka (1716–1747)
Hosokawa Shigekata
Hosokawa Harutoshi (1758–1787)
Hosokawa Narishige (1755–1835)
Hosokawa Naritatsu (1797–1826)
Hosokawa Narimori (1804–1860)
Hosokawa Yoshikuni (1835–1876) – Last ruling Lord of Kumamoto
Hosokawa Morihisa, 1st Marquis (1839–1893) (created 1884)
Hosokawa Morishige, 2nd Marquis (1868–1914)
Hosokawa Moritatsu, 3rd Marquis (title made obsolete in 1947) (1883–1970)
Hosokawa Morisada, titular 5th Marquis (1912–2005)
Morihiro Hosokawa, titular 6th Marquis (born 1938)
Morimitsu Hosokawa, heir (born 1972)

Branches

Kumamoto-Shinden (Takase)^[9]

Hosokawa Toshishige (1647–1687)
Hosokawa Toshimasa (1672–1715)
Hosokawa Toshiyasu (1701–1749)
Hosokawa Toshihiro (1716–1767)
Hosokawa Toshiyuki (1750–1781)

Hosokawa Toshitsune (1754–1805)
Hosokawa Toshikuni (1784–1810)
Hosokawa Toshichika (1788–1844)
Hosokawa Toshimochi (1808–1864)
Hosokawa Toshinaga (1829–1901)

Hosokawa Toshisuke
Hosokawa Teruko (1937–)
Hosokawa Kendi (1960–)
Hosokawa Sachiko (1990–)

Udo^[10]

Hosokawa Yukitaka (1637-1690)^[11]
Hosokawa Aritaka (1676–1733)
Hosokawa Okinari (1699–1737)
Hosokawa Okisato (1722–1745)
Hosokawa Okinori (1723–1785)

Hosokawa Tatsuhiro (1755–1835)^[12]
Hosokawa Tatsuyuki (1784–1818)
Hosokawa Tatsumasa (1804–1860)
Hosokawa Yukika (1811–1876)
Hosokawa Tatsunori (1832–1888)

Hosokawa Yukizane (1842–1902)

Hitachi-Yatabe^[13]

Hosokawa Okimoto (1564–1619)
Hosokawa Okimasa (1604–1643)
Hosokawa Okitaka (1632–1690)
Hosokawa Okinaga (1658–1737)
Hosokawa Okizane (1687–1728)

Hosokawa Okitora (1710–1737)
Hosokawa Okiharu (1737–1794)
Hosokawa Okinori (1759–1837)
Hosokawa Okitatsu (1798–1855)
Hosokawa Okitsura (1832–1907)

Hosokawa Okitsugu
Hosokawa Okiharu

Notes

^ 細川氏 at Nihon jinmei daijiten; retrieved 2013-5-29.
^ Berry, M.E. (1997). The Culture of Civil War in Kyoto, p.45. University of California Press.
^ Bodiford, Sōtō Zen in Medieval Japan, p. 129.
^ Bingham, A History of Asia, p. 544.
^ Wilson, The Lone Samurai, pp. 104–105.
^ Motoyama, Proliferating Talent, pp. 288–289.
^ [1]
^ "Hosokawa-shi (Higo Kumamoto hanshu-ke)" Archived 2004-08-10 at the Wayback Machine (ret. 27 September 2008)
^ "Hosokawa-shi (Higo Kumamoto-shinden hanshu-ke)" Archived 2004-08-21 at the Wayback Machine (ret. 27 Sept. 2008)
^ "Hosokawa-shi (Higo Udo hanshu-ke)" Archived 2004-08-21 at the Wayback Machine (ret. 27 September 2008)
^ 細川行孝 at Nihon jinmei daijiten; 細川行孝 at Reichsarchiv.jp; retrieved 2013-5-30.
^ 細川立禮 at Nihon jinmei daijiten; retrieved 2013-5-30.
^ "Hosokawa-shi (Yatabe hanshu-ke)" Archived 2004-08-21 at the Wayback Machine (ret. 27 Sept. 2008)