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User:Jadolphe/United States Space Force

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Budget

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The proposed Fiscal Year 2021 budget for the Space Force would transfer over $15 billion from the Air Force

United States Space Force Budget[1] 2020 2021 (proposed)
Operation & Maintenance $40,000,000 $2,608,400,000
Procurement - $2,446,100,000
Research, Development, Test & Evaluation - $10,327,600,000
Total $40,000,000 $15,382,100,000


The FY 2021 budget has a large focus on modernizing DOD assets across air, sea, ground, cyber, and space domains. In terms of modernizing U.S. assets in space, the 2021 Department of Defense Budget requests $1.6 billion for three National Security Space Launch vehicles [2]. $1.05 billion of this budget will fund three Airfare Space Command (AFSPC) launches: AFSPC-36, AFSPC-87 and AFSPC-112[3]. The United States Space Force is reported to be working closely with commercial leaders in the space domain such as Elon Musk and Jeff Bezos to determine their capability in serving the mission. According to Lt. General David Thompson, the United States Space Force is already in contracting talks with Blue Origin.[4] The budget includes $560 million to upgrade the launch systems of Blue Origin, Northrop Grumman, and United Launch Alliance[3]. Further, the 2021 DoD budget requests $1.8 billion for two Lockheed Martin Global Positioning System (GPS) III systems and other projects to fulfill the Space Superiority Strategy.[2] The GPS III system, first launched on December 23, 2018, is the latest GPS system from contractor Lockheed Martin; the GPS III system has improved anti-jamming capabilities and is three times more accurate than current GPS systems [5]. The FY 2021 Budget also includes $2.5 billion allocated to the Next-Generation Overhead Persistent Infrared (Next-Gen OPIR) satellite constellation as part of a DoD wide increase on missile defense capacity to defend from threats such as North Korea[6]. The Next-Gen OPIR constellation will provide the U.S. military with a resilient worldwide missile warning system. [7] This new generation of satellites will work in tandem with the existing Space Based Overhead Persistent Infrared System (SBIRS); production of the SBIRS will conclude in 2022 and the first Next-Gen OPIR satellite is expected to be delivered 2025[3].

Current Contracts:

The United States Space Force recently awarded a $1.2 billion contract to L3Harris to modernize the United State's ground-based space surveillance sensors under the new Maintenance of Space Situational Awareness Integrated Capabilities (MOSSAIC) program. [8] The first offensive capability of the USSF is a satellite communications jammer known as the Counter Communications System Block 10.2. also developed by L3Harris. [9] The USSF is reportedly developing further defensive capabilities to defend the U.S. satellite fleet from adversaries, although officials did not give specifics on the technology in development. [10]

The USSF awarded a $253.6 million dollar contract to Northrop Grumman for the development of a next-generation tactical communications satellite payload known as the Protected Tactical Satellite (PTS) system[11]. The PTS communications system is a jam-resistant communications device placed on commercial or military satellites that enables secure communication to U.S. military operators, government agencies, and international allies. The USSF also awarded a $191 million dollar to Boeing and a $240 million contract to Lockheed Martin for further development of the PTS system[12].

Other

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  • Space domain awareness (military, civil, and commercial)
    • The United States Space Force recently awarded a $1.2 billion contract to L3Harris to modernize the United State's ground-based space surveillance sensors under the new Maintenance of Space Situational Awareness Integrated Capabilities (MOSSAIC) program. [8]
  • Offensive and defensive space control
    • The first offensive capability of the USSF is a communications jammer known as the Counter Communications System Block 10.2. This system is meant to disrupt enemy satellite communications. [9] The USSF is reportedly developing further defensive capabilities to defend the U.S. satellite fleet from adversaries, although officials did not give specifics on the technology in development. [10]
  • Command and control of space forces and satellite operations
    • The USSF will have control over all of the DOD satellites orbiting the Earth. These satellites will provide continuous, global weather and navigation for operations on Earth. In addition, USSF will provide ground-based support for DOD, NASA, and Commercial space launches on both the East and West Coast.[13]
  • Space support to operations (e.g. satellite communications)
  • Space service support (e.g. spacelift and space range operations for military, civil, and commercial operators)
  • Space support to nuclear command, control, communications and nuclear detonation detection
    • The first launch under the command of the USSF was a test of the nuclear capable Minuteman III missile from Vandenberg Air force Base.[14] While this test was not in response to any imminent threat, the test gathered valuable data and provided a holistic test on all the processes and personnel working on a launch. [15]
  • Missile warning and space support to missile defense operations

Functions

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As described in the United States Space Force Act, it will be organized, trained, and equipped to:

  1. Provide freedom of operation for the United States in, from, and to space
    • The USSF will achieve freedom of operation by adapting current space operations and developing future systems to take an active role in future conflicts. [16]
  2. Provide prompt and sustained space operations
    • The USSF will focus on speedy acquisition of new space-bound technology for the DOD. The USSF will use existing technology procurement channels to accelerate the development and deployment of space bound operations. [16]

Duties

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Its duties include to:

  1. Protect the interests of the United States in space
    • The USSF tracks over 26,000 satellites, debris, and other in-orbit objects to determine whether they pose a threat to US interests in space.[4]
  2. Deter aggression in, from, and to space
    • The USSF was created in response to rapid, space-based development by near-peer adversaries such as China and Russia. [16]
  3. Conduct space operations
    • The USSF will serve in both combat and combat-support roles. Further, the USSF will provide space-based support U.S. land, air, navel, and cyber forces. [16]

Current Events:



For Fiscal Year 2021, Pentagon is requesting 15.4 billion dollars for the newly created United States Space Force. [2] Breakdown of funding includes $1.6 billion to three National Security Space Launch vehicles, $1.8 billion dollars to two Global Positioning System III systems and other projects, and $2.5 billion to Space Based Overhead Persistent Infrared Systems.

Organization:

 
Organization of the United States Space Force Within the Department of Defense
United States Space Force Budget[6] 2020 2021
Operation & Maintenance $40,000,000 $2,608,400,000
Spaceforce Headquarters Operation & Maintenance $40,000,000 $111,100,000
Procurement - $2,446,100,000
Research, Development, Test & Evaluation - $10,327,600,000
Total $15,493,200,000


Personnel

United States Space Force Personnel[6] 2020 2021
Civillian 122 3,754
Military 38 6,796
Total 160 10,550


Personnel:

The 2021 budget allocates 10,000 civilian and military billets to the USSF.

The USSF may implement a compensation and management system similar to the intelligence community for its civilian workforce .[16]




  1. ^ "Defense Budget Overview" (PDF).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  2. ^ a b c "DOD Releases Fiscal Year 2021 Budget Proposal". U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE. Retrieved 2020-02-23.
  3. ^ a b c "Space Force's 2021 budget plan is heavy on satellites and launch". SpaceNews.com. 2020-03-06. Retrieved 2020-03-12.
  4. ^ a b Giangreco, Leigh (2020-02-25). "Space Force's Second-in-Command Explains What the Hell It Actually Does". Medium. Retrieved 2020-03-12.
  5. ^ "GPS Satellites". Lockheed Martin. Retrieved 2020-03-12.
  6. ^ a b c "Defense Budget Overview" (PDF).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  7. ^ "Next Generation Overhead Persistent Infrared GEO Satellites Embracing". Air Force Space Command. Retrieved 2020-03-12.
  8. ^ a b "beta.SAM.gov". beta.sam.gov. Retrieved 2020-03-12.
  9. ^ a b "U.S. Space Force declares 'offensive' communications jammer ready for deployment". SpaceNews.com. 2020-03-15. Retrieved 2020-03-17.
  10. ^ a b "Space Force Official Hints at New Defensive Capabilities". Air Force Magazine. 2020-03-04. Retrieved 2020-03-17.
  11. ^ "Northrop Grumman to develop jam-resistant payload for U.S. military communications satellites". SpaceNews.com. 2020-02-13. Retrieved 2020-03-12.
  12. ^ "Boeing, Lockheed win U.S. Space Force contracts to develop satcom payloads". SpaceNews.com. 2020-03-04. Retrieved 2020-03-12.
  13. ^ "Fact Sheet". www.spaceforce.mil. Retrieved 2020-03-17.
  14. ^ Wehner, Mike (2020-02-05). "The US Space Force just carried out a nuclear-capable missile test for the first time". BGR. Retrieved 2020-03-17.
  15. ^ White, Mitchell (2020-02-02). "Vandenberg AFB to conduct first missile test since creation of Space Force". Santa Barbara News-Press. Retrieved 2020-03-17.
  16. ^ a b c d e "United States Space Force" (PDF).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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