Plan on editing Healthcare in Iceland by adding more information on the health care system in Iceland, including its finance plan, funding resources, and health care services that are provided. Short history background will also be included to clearify some transformation in the health care system.
Financing and funding
editHealth care system in Iceland relies on general taxation, instead of local funding. This is affected by the Nordic welfare state model, in which public service is heavily funded through taxation to support the general public, in order for the population to have equal access to health care and welfare system[1]. Although local authorities have limited influence over the national health care system, Iceland has recently adapted to similar structures to other Nordic countries, implementing decentralized structure by dividing the country into seven local health care regions[2]. The health care regions were implemented to promote cooperations between institutions, and to provide quality care through regional provisions. However, this has not affected the financial responsibility of the central government. Although health care is generally funded through taxation, some out-of-pocket expenses are still required, such as service fees[2]. Iceland does not operate its health care system based on financial need, but some disadvantaged groups, including disabled and elders, generally receive discounts on personal health expenses[3].
As of recently, out-of-pocket expenditure has increased significantly, resulted in approximately 76% increase in private expenditure from 1995 to 2010. By 2011, Iceland's out-of-pocket payments have become an important financial source for the universal health care system, which made up 18.2% of total health expenditures[4]. The general population, however, still showed overwhelming support for governmental funding and providing the health care system at the same time. Through a research survey conducted in 2013 focused on Icelandic adults, in which 94% of the respondents want the government to spend more on public health care, and 81% of the respondents prefer and supports primary
health care to be provided by the government [5]. Although the government aimed to provide easy and accessible health care to all population regardless of income and social status, there are still some problems faced due to benefits given to disadvantaged groups. Some people without additional help face postponement or even cancellation to medical treatment[6].
Health care services
editPrimary care
editHealth centers that provide primary health care are located throughout the country, while some runs along smaller institutes and hospitals, all are funded and administered by central government[2]. In accordance with the 1973 Health Care Act, which established universal primary health care and increase the amount of health personnel and institutes in the country, all patients are required to register and access through a primary care center and a general practitioner of their choice[7]. Specialist services are provided mainly by general practitioners, privately operated or publicly funded.
Hospital services
editThere are a total of 6 regional hospitals and 16 health institutions throughout the country, funded through fixed global budgets. The main hospital is located in Reykjavik. Most hospital professionals and doctors are salaried employees, and are paid through hospital budgets. Doctors can also see private patients outside of the hospitals if they receive 80 percent of less[7].
Long-term care
editLong-term care can be accessed through institutions or at home. These includes personal assistance and domestic care, including nursing homes or child care. These services are provided by either private institutes or public services, and are funded through national budgets[7]. Part-time and home-based child care are payable but subsidized, priority are given to special interest groups[8].
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- ^ Esping-Andersen, Gøsta (1990). The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780069028573.
- ^ a b c Young, Marchildon, Kue, Gregory (2012). "A Comparative Review of Circumpolar Health Systems" (PDF). The Circumpolar Health Supplements. 2012 (9).
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Vilhjalmsson, Runar (2009). "Out-of-pocket health care expenditures among population groups in Iceland". Laeknabladid.
- ^ Maresso, Anna (2014). "Iceland: Health System Review" (PDF). Health Systems in Transition.
- ^ Vilhjalmsson, Runar (2016). "Public views on the role of government in funding and delivering health services". Scandinavian Journal of Public Health.
- ^ Vilhjalmsson, Runar (2005). "Failure to seek needed medical care: Results from a national health survey of Icelanders" (PDF). Social Science & Medicine.
- ^ a b c Sigurgeirsdóttir, Sigurbjörg (2012). "International Profiles of Health Care Systems, 2012" (PDF). The Commonwealth Fund.
- ^ Jonsson, Gudmundur (2001). "The Icelandic Welfare State in the Twentieth Century". Scandinavian Journal of History.