User:Jnestorius/Coercion Acts

<Coercion Act

Table

See also Chronological Table of the Statutes 1895 edition; p.169 (1801) onwards

Date	Sess ch	Short title/Desc	Long title	Ended	Context	Notes	Refs
24 March 1801	41 Geo.3 c.14	Suppression of rebellion, Ireland	An act for amending and further continuing, until the twenty-fourth day of June one thousand eight hundred and one, two acts, passed in that part of the united kingdom called Ireland, in the thirty-ninth and fortieth years of the reign of his present Majesty, for the suppression of the rebellion, which still exists within that kingdom, and for the protection of the persons and properties of his Majesty's faithful subjects within the same.	Rep SLR 1872	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
24 March 1801	41 Geo.3 c.15	Habeas corpus suspension, Ireland	An act to continue, until the twenty-fourth day of June one thousand eight hundred and one, an act made in the last session of the parliament of Ireland, intituled, An act to empower the lord lieutenant or other chief governor or governors of Ireland, to apprehend and detain such persons as he or they shall suspect for conspiring against his Majesty's person and government.	Rep SLR 1872	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
23 June 1801	41 Geo.3 c.61	Suppression of rebellion, Ireland	An act for further continuing until the twentyfifth day of March one thousand eight hundred and two, an act passed in the present session of parliament, intituled, An, aEt for amending and fürther continuing until the twenty-fourth day of June one thousand eight hundred and one, two acts passed in that part of the united kingdom called Ireland, in the thirty-ninth and fortieth years of the reign of his present Majesty; for the suppreffion of the rebellion which still exists within that kingdom, and for the protection of the persons and property of his Majesty's faithful subjects within the same.	Rep SLR 1872	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
2 July 1801	41 Geo.3 c.104	Suppression of rebellion, Ireland	An act for indemnifying such persons as have acted since the twenty-fifth day of March one thousand seven hundred and ninety-nine, for the preservation of the publick peace, and suppression of insurrections and rebellion prevailing in several districts of that part of the united kingdom called Ireland.	Rep SLR 1872	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
11 Jul 1803	43 Geo.3 c.86	Justice of the Peace, I. : Master and Servant, I.	An act to prevent unlawful combinations of work men , artificers , journeymen , and labourers , in Ireland ; and for other purpoſes relating thereto	Rep. in part — 6 Geo. 4. c. 129. s. 2. / 9 Geo. 4. c. 53. s. 1. / Stat. Law Rev. Act, 1872	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
29 July 1803	43 Geo.3 c.116	Habeas corpus suspension, Ireland	An Act to empower the Lord Lieutenant, or other Chief Governor or Governors of Ireland to apprehend and detain such Persons as he or they shall suspect for conspiring against his Majesty's person and government, until six Weeks after the Commencement of the next Session of Parliament.	Rep SLR 1872	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
29 July 1803	43 Geo.3 c.117	Suppression of rebellion, &c., Ireland	An Act for the Suppression of Rebellion in Ireland, and for the Protection of the Persons and Property of his Majesty's faithful Subjects there, to continue in Force until six Weeks after the Commencement of the next Session of Parliament.	Rep SLR 1872	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
11 August 1803	43 Geo.3 c.143	Constable, I. : Governor of Countv, I.	An act for the rendering justices of the peace, and governors and deputy governors of counties and places in Ireland, more safe in the execution of their office; and for indemnifying constables and others acting in obedience to the warrants of such justices of the peace, governors, and deputy governors respectively.	Rep. in part, 12 & 13 Vict. c. 16. s. 17	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
15 December 1803	44 Geo.3 c.8	Habeas corpus suspension, Ireland	An act to continue, until fix weeks after the commencement of the next session of parliament, an act made in the last session of parliament, intituled, An act to empower the lord lieutenant or other chief governor or governors of Ireland, to apprehend and detain such persons as he or they shall suspect for conspiring against his Majesty's person and government, until fix weeks after the commencement of the next session of parliament.	Rep SLR 1872	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
15 December 1803	44 Geo.3 c.9	Shorttitlezzz	An act to continue, until fix weeks after the commencement of the next session of parliament, an act passed in the last session of parliament, intituled, An act for the suppresion of rebellion in Ireland, and for the protection of the persons and property of his Majesty's faithful subjects there, to continue in force until fix weeks after the commencement of the next Session of parliament.	Rep SLR 1872	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
10 July 1804	44 Geo.3 c.90	Peace preservation, Ireland	An act to continue, until seven years after the passing thereof and from thence to the end of the next session of parliament, an act, made in the parliament of Ireland in the twenty-seventh year of his present Majesty, intituled, An act for the better execution of the law and preservation of the peace within counties at large.	Rep SLR 1872	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
22 February 1805	45 Geo.3 c.4	Habeas corpus suspension, Ireland	An Ad to continue, until Six Weeks after the Commencement of the next Session of Parliament, an Act, made in the last Session of Parliament, for continuing an Act to empower the Lord Lieutenant or other Chief Governor or Governors of Ireland to apprehend and detain such Persons as he or they shall suspect for conspiring against His Majeity's Person and Government	Rep SLR 1872	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
19 February 1807	47 Geo.3 sess.1 c.8	Arms & gunpowder, Ireland	An Act to continue for the Term of Seven Years certain Acts of the Parliament of Ireland, for preventing the Importation of Arms, Gunpowder, and Ammunition, and the making, removing, felling, and keeping of Gunpowder, Arms, and Ammunition, without Licence.	Rep SLR 2 1872	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
1 August 1807	47 Geo.3 sess.2 c.13	Insurrection & disturbances, Ireland	An Act to suppress Insurrections, and prevent the Disturbance of the Public Peace in Ireland.	Rep., 50 Geo. 3. c. 78.	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
13 August 1807	47 Geo.3 sess.2 c.54	Possession of arms, Ireland	An Act to prevent improper Persons from having Arms in Ireland.	Rep., 6 & 7 Vict. c. 74. s. 61	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
1809	49 Geo.3 c.101	Criminal Prosecution, I	Longtitlezzz	Rep. in part— 14 & 15 Vict. c. 57. s. 1., SLR 2 1872	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
1810	50 Geo.3 c.78	Suppression of insurrection, &c, Ireland	Longtitlezzz	Rep SLR 2 1872	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
1810	50 Geo.3 c.102	Criminal Prosecution, I. : Evidence, I. : Grand Jury, I. : Oath, I.	Longtitlezzz	Rep in part — 28 & 29 Vict. c. 33. s. 4 SLR 2 1872	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
1810	50 Geo.3 c.109	Arms, Ireland	Longtitlezzz	Rep., 6 & 7 Vict. c. 74. s. 61	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
1811	51 Geo.3 c.63	Prisoners, Ireland	Longtitlezzz	Rep SLR 1873	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
1812	52 Geo.3 c.91	Peace preservation, Ireland	Longtitlezzz	Rep SLR 1873	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
1812-3	53 Geo.3 c.78	Arms, Ireland	Longtitlezzz	Rep SLR 1873	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
1813-4	54 Geo.3 c.33	Peace preservation, Ireland	Longtitlezzz	Rep SLR 1873	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
1813-4	54 Geo.3 c.180	Unlawful combinations, Ireland	Longtitlezzz	Rep SLR 1873	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
1813-4	54 Geo.3 c.181	Assaults, Ireland	Longtitlezzz	Rep.— in part, 10 Geo. 4. c. 34. s. 1. residue, 14 & 15 Vict. c. 57. s. 1.	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
1816	56 Geo.3 c.87	Evidence, I. : Grand Jury, I.	Longtitlezzz	Rep. in part SLR 1873	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
1817	57 Geo. 3 c.21	Arms, Ireland	Longtitlezzz	Rep. SLR 1873	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
1817	57 Geo. 3 c.38	Peace preservation [not spec Irl]	Longtitlezzz	Rep. SLR 1873	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
1817	57 Geo. 3 c.50	Peace preservation, Ireland	Longtitlezzz	Rep. SLR 1873	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
1818	58 Geo.3 c.1	Habeas corpus suspension [not spec Irl]	Longtitlezzz	Rep. SLR 1873	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
1818	58 Geo.3 c.6	Indemnity, apprehension of suspected persons, &c.	Longtitlezzz	Rep. SLR 1873	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
1819=20	[60 Geo.3 & ] 1 Geo.4 c.47	Arms, Ireland	Longtitlezzz	Rep. SLR 1873	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
1821	1 & 2 Geo.4 c.24	Limitation of Time, I. : Outlawry, I. : Treason, I.	Longtitlezzz	Rep. SLR 1873	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
1822	3 Geo.4 c.1	Suppression of insurrections, Ireland	Longtitlezzz	Rep. SLR 1873	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
1822	3 Geo.4 c.2	Habeas corpus suspension, Ireland	Longtitlezzz	Rep. SLR 1873	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
1822	3 Geo.4 c.3	Indemnity for seizing arms, &c, Ireland	Longtitlezzz	Rep. SLR 1873	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
1822	3 Geo.4 c.4	Arms, Ireland	Longtitlezzz	Rep. SLR 1873	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
1822	3 Geo.4 c.80	Suppression of insurrections, Ireland	Longtitlezzz	Rep. SLR 1873	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
1823	4 Geo.4 c.14	Arms, Ireland	Longtitlezzz	Rep. SLR 1873	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
1823	4 Geo.4 c.58	Suppression of insurrections, &c, Ireland	Longtitlezzz	Rep. SLR 1873	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
1823	4 Geo.4 c.73	Malicious injuries to property, Ireland	Longtitlezzz	Rep. SLR 1873	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
1823	4 Geo.4 c.84	Combination, I.	Longtitlezzz	Rep. in part SLR 1873	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
1824	5 Geo.4 c.105	Suppression of insurrections, &c, Ireland	Longtitlezzz	Rep. SLR 1873	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
1825	6 Geo.4 c.4	Unlawful societies, Ireland	Longtitlezzz	Rep. SLR 1873	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
1829	10 Geo.5 c.1	Dangerous assemblies suppression, Ireland	Longtitlezzz	Rep. SLR 1873	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
1829	10 Geo.5 c.47	Arms, Ireland	Longtitlezzz	Rep. SLR 1873	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
1830	[11 Geo. 4. &] 1 Will. 4 c.44	Arms, Ireland	Longtitlezzz	Rep., 6&7 Vict. c. 74. s. 6	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
1831	1 & 2 Will. 4 c.47	Arms, Ireland	Longtitlezzz	Rep. SLR 1874	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
1831	1 & 2 Will. 4 c.49	Oath, Galway	Longtitlezzz	Rep. 34 & 35 Vict. c. 48	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
1832	2 & 3 Will. 4 c.70	Arms, Ireland	Longtitlezzz	Rep. SLR 1874	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
1832	2 & 3 Will. 4 c.108	Constable, I. (special)	Longtitlezzz	Rep. in part, SLR 1874	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
1832	2 & 3 Will. 4 c.118	Party processions, Ireland	Longtitlezzz	Rep.	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
2 April 1833	3 & 4 Will.4 c.4	Local disturbances, &c, Ireland Suppression of Disturbances Act	An Act for the more effectual Suppression of local Disturbances and dangerous Associations in Ireland.	1834 August 1 original expiry 1835 August 1 continued amendment expiry SLR 1874 repealed	Tithe War
1833	3 & 4 Will. 4 c.79	Trial of offences, Ireland	Longtitlezzz	Rep. SLR 1874	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
30 July 1834	4 & 5 Will.4 c.38	Local disturbances, &c, Ireland	An Act to continue under certain Modifications to the First day of August, 1835, an Act of the Third Year of His present Majesty, for the more effectual suppression of Local Disturbances and Dangerous Associations in Ireland	SLR 1874 repealed	Tithe War
1834	4 & 5 Will. 4 c.53	Arms and gunpowder, Ireland	Longtitlezzz	Rep. SLR 1874	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
1834	4 & 5 Will. 4 c.93	Summary convictions, Ireland	Longtitlezzz	Rep. SLR 1874	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
31 August 1835	5 & 6 Will.4 c.48	Peace preservation, Ireland	An Act for the better Prevention and more speedy Punishment of Offences endangering the Public Peace in Ireland	1840 August 31 original expiry SLR 1874 repealed	Tithe War	Apparently August 1835 there was none in force. . Recited Act further continued, except as repealed by this Act. . Certain clauses in recited Act relative to the suppression of meetings and to the holding of courts martial repealed. . Publication of proclamation revoking a former proclamation in whole or in part.
1836	6 & 7 Will. 4 c.39	Arms and gunpowder, Ireland	Longtitlezzz	Rep. SLR 1874	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
1837	1 Vict	Shorttitlezzz	Longtitlezzz	Endedzzz	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
Datezzz	Sesschzzz	Shorttitlezzz	Longtitlezzz	Endedzzz	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
Datezzz	Sesschzzz	Shorttitlezzz	Longtitlezzz	Endedzzz	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
1877	Sesschzzz	Shorttitlezzz	Longtitlezzz	Endedzzz	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
1882	Sesschzzz	Shorttitlezzz	Longtitlezzz	Endedzzz	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz
1887	Sesschzzz	Shorttitlezzz	Longtitlezzz	Endedzzz	Contextzzz	Noteszzz	Refszzz

Source lists

Leadam–O'Connor list

Following is from

• Healy, T. M. (1886). A word for Ireland. Dublin: M. H. Gill & Son. pp. 43–44.
• Fox, J. A. (1887). "Chapter VIII: Coercion". Why Ireland wants home rule. London: National Press Agency. p. 80–81.

Both of which say merged from

• Leadam, Isaac Saunders (1880). Coercive measures in Ireland, 1830–1880. National Press Agency. JSTOR 60216869 – via LSE Selected Pamphlets. [p.9 for brief list 1796–1825; Appendices B (pp.36–7) & C (pp.38–60) for details 1830–1880]
  • Already synopsised in Healy, T. M. (1881). Why there is an Irish land question and an Irish Land League / by T.M. Healy, M.P. Dublin: Gill. pp. 68–70.
• O'Connor, Thomas Power (1886). The Parnell movement; with a sketch of Irish parties from 1843. London: Kegan, Paul, Trench. pp. 24–25.
  • Slightly compressed list the same year in O'Connor, T. P. (Thomas Power); MacWade, Robert M. (1886). Gladstone-Parnell, and the great Irish struggle. Philadelphia: Hubbard Bros. pp. 347–349.

Repeated in

• Gwynn, Stephen Lucius (1908). "The Legislation which England Passed". The Case for Home Rule. Maunsel. p. 48. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
• Emmet, Thomas Addis (1903). Ireland under English rule; or, A plea for the plaintiff. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons; The Knickerbocker Press. p. 274.

Date	Bill
1800–1805	Habeas Corpus Suspension. Seven Coercion Acts.
1807	1st February, Coercion Act. Habeas Corpus Suspension. 2nd August, Insurrection Act.
1808–1809	Habeas Corpus Suspension.
1814–1816	Habeas Corpus Suspension. Insurrection Act.
1817	Habeas Corpus Suspension. One Coercion Act.
1822–1830	Habeas Corpus Suspension. Two Coercion Acts in 1822 and one in 1823.
1830	Importation of Arms Act.
1831	Whiteboy Act.
1831	Stanley's Arms Act.
1832	Arms and Gunpowder Act.
1833	Suppression of Disturbance.
1833	Change of Venue Act.
1834	Disturbances Amendment and Continuance.
1834	Arms and Gunpowder Act.
1835	Public Peace Act.
1836	Another Arms Act.
1838	Another Arms Act.
1839	Unlawful Oaths Act.
1840	Another Arms Act.
1841	Outrages Act.
1841	Another Arms Act.
1843	Another Arms Act.
1843	Acts consolidating all Previous Coercion Acts.
1844	Unlawful Oaths Act.
1845	Additional Constables near Public Works Act.
1845	Unlawful Oaths Act.
1846	Constabulary Enlargement.
1847	Crime and Outrage Act.
1848	Treason Amendment Act.
1848	Removal of Arms Act.
1848	Suspension of Habeas Corpus.
1848	Another Oaths Act.
1849	Suspension of Habeas Corpus.
1850	Crime and Outrage Act.
1851	Unlawful Oaths Act.
1853	Crime and Outrage Act.
1854	Crime and Outrage Act.
1855	Crime and Outrage Act.
1856	Peace Preservation Act.
1858	Peace Preservation Act.
1860	Peace Preservation Act.
1862	Peace Preservation Act.
1862	Unlawful Oaths Act.
1865	Peace Preservation Act.
1866	Suspension of Habeas Corpus Act (August).
1866	Suspension of Habeas Corpus.
1867	Suspension of Habeas Corpus.
1868	Suspension of Habeas Corpus.
1870	Peace Preservation Act.
1871	Protection of Life and Property.
1871	Peace Preservation Con.
1873	Peace Preservation Act.
1875	Peace Preservation Act.
1875	Unlawful Oaths Act.
1881–1882	Peace Preservation Act (suspending Habeas Corpus).
1881–1886	Arms Act.
1882–1885	Crimes Act.
1886–1887	Arms Act.

(and then "The perpetual Coercion Act")

Meredyth

Meredyth, W. H. (1891). The brief for the government, 1886-92; a handbook for Conservative and Unionist writers, speakers, etc. Edinburgh: W. Blackwood. pp. 142–143.

• List from 1830 to 1887, noting Conservative or Liberal government.
• Sir George Trevelyan, 2nd Baronet, Selkirk, 30 June 1886: "That which is called coercion is merely the putting in force the steps which are required to ensure conviction and to carry out the ordinary law."

Richard Barry O'Brien

Richard Barry O'Brien:

Barry O'Brien, R. (1883). Fifty years of concessions to Ireland, 1831-1881. Vol. II. London: S. Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington.

• pp.112-113 "list of Coercion Acts in force between 1800 and 1835" (Perhaps doesn't list later ones since story is of recent improvement?)

Barry O'Brien, R. (1912). "Government of Ireland in the 19th Century". In Morgan, J. H. (John Hartman) (ed.). The New Irish constitution : an exposition and some arguments. London ; New York: Hodder and Stoughton. pp. 306–336.

Acts in the several lists within Barry O'Brien's 1912 text

1800-1801. Insurrection Act, Habeas Corpus Suspension Act, and Martial Law.

1803. Insurrection Act.

1804. Habeas Corpus Suspension Act.

1807-1810. Insurrection Act, Martial Law and Habeas Corpus Suspension Act.

1814. Habeas Corpus Suspension Act.

1814-1818. Insurrection Act.

1822-1824. Habeas Corpus Suspension Act, Insurrection Act.

1825-1828. Act for Suppression of Catholic Association.

1830. Arms Act.

1831-1832. Stanley's Arms Act.

1833-1834. Grey's Coercion Act.

1834-1835. Grey's Coercion (Continuance) Act amended

1843-1845. Arms Act.

1847. Crime and Outrage Act.

1848-1849. Habeas Corpus Suspension Act, Crime and Outrage Act, Removal of Aliens Act

1850-1855. Crime and Outrage (Continuance) Act.

1856, 1857. Peace Preservation Act.

1858-1864. Peace Preservation (Continuance) Act.

1865. Peace Preservation (Continuance) Act.

1866-1869 (off and on). Habeas Corpus Suspension Act.

Locker-Lampson

Locker-Lampson, Godfrey (1907). "Appendix LXXVIII: Various Coercion Acts, Arms Acts, and Other Acts for the Preservation of the Public Peace Passed for Ireland During the Nineteenth Century. (Exclusive of acts passed in respect of party processions.)". A Consideration of the State of Ireland in the Nineteenth Century. London: Archibald Constable. pp. 637–8.

1801	41 Geo.3 c.61	Suppression of Rebellion
1801	41 Geo.3 c.104	Suppression of Rebellion
1802–3	43 Geo.3 c.116	Habeas Corpus Suspension
1802–3	43 Geo.3 c.117	Suppression of Rebellion
1803–4	44 Geo.3 c.8	Habeas Corpus Suspension
1803–4	44 Geo.3 c.9	Suppression of Rebellion
1803–4	44 Geo.3 c.90	Peace Preservation
1805	45 Geo.3 c.4	Habeas Corpus Suspension
1806–7	47 Geo.3 Sess.1 c.8	Arms and Gunpowder
1807	47 Geo.3 Sess.2 c.54	Possession of Arms
1810	50 Geo.3 c.109	Arms
1812	52 Geo.3 c.91	Peace Preservation
1812–13	53 Geo.3 c.78	Arms
1813–14	54 Geo.3 c.33	Peace Preservation
1813–14	54 Geo.3 c.180	Unlawful Combinations
1813–14	54 Geo.3 c.181	Assaults
1814–15	55 Geo.3 c.88	Assaults
1817	57 Geo.3 c.50	Peace Preservation
1820	1 Geo.4 c.47	Arms
1821	3 Geo.4 c.4	Arms
1823	4 Geo.4 c.14	Arms
1823	4 Geo.4 c.58	Insurrections , etc
1824	5 Geo.4 c.105	Insurrections , etc
1829	10 Geo.4 c.1	Dangerous Assemblies
1830	11 Geo.4 c.44	Arms
1831	1 and 2 Will.4 c.47	Arms
1831–2	2 and 3 Will.4 c.70	Arms
1833	3 and 4 Will.4 c.4	Local Disturbances , etc
1835	5 and 6 Will.4 c.48	Peace Preservation
1836	6 and 7 Will.4 c.39	Arms and Gunpowder
1837–8	1 and 2 Vict c.71	Arms and Gunpowder
1839	2 and 3 Vict c.74	Unlawful Societies
1839	2 and 3 Vict c.77	Assaults
1841	4 and 5 Vict c.25	Importation of Arms
1843	6 and 7 Vict c.23	Assaults
1847–8	11 and 12 Vict c.2	Prevention of Crime
1847–8	11 and 12 Vict c.35	Habeas Corpus Suspension
1847–8	11 and 12 Vict c.89	Unlawful Combinations
1849	12 and 13 Vict c.2	Habeas Corpus Suspension
1849	12 and 13 Vict c.38	Assaults
1850	13 and 14 Vict c.106	Crime and Outrage
1852	15 and 16 Vict c.66	Crime and Outrage
1852–3	16 and 17 Vict c.72	Crime and Outrage
1854	17 and 18 Vict c.92	Crime and Outrage
1854–5	18 and 19 Vict c.112	Crime and Outrage
1856	19 and 20 Vict c.36	Peace Preservation
1857–8	21 and 22 Vict c.28	Peace Preservation
1860	23 and 24 Vict c.138	Peace Preservation
1862	25 and 26 Vict c.24	Peace Preservation
1865	28 and 29 Vict c.118	Peace Preservation
1866	29 and 30 Vict c.119	Habeas Corpus Suspension
1867	30 and 31 Vict c.1	Habeas Corpus Suspension
1867	30 and 31 Vict c.25	Habeas Corpus Suspension
1870	33 and 34 Vict c.9	Peace Preservation
1873	36 and 37 Vict c.24	Peace Preservation
1875	38 and 39 Vict c.14	Peace Preservation
1882	45 and 46 Vict c.25	Prevention of Crime
1883	46 and 47 Vict c.12	Prevention of Crime
1887	50 and 51 Vict c.20	Arms I. Conspiracy : Criminal Procedure I. Intimidation I. Personal Injury, Proclaimed District I. Riot I. Summary Proceedings I. Etc., etc.

Quotes

Judith Ellen Foster begins "the long and dreary series of Irish Coercion Acts" with the statutes of Kilkenny.

Margaret Anna Cusack "Coercion! why England has been trying coercion with Ireland for 700 years, and it has not yet effected any improvement in the country."

Historicus (December 1908). "COERCION ACTS BEFORE THE UNION". Irish Facts for British Platforms. 2 (II). Union Defence League: 522–526.

in the period of 18 years from 1782 to 1800, during which the country was governed by an Independent Irish Parliament, there were passed by the same Parliament as many as 22 Acts of the character described as Coercion Acts or Peace Preservation Acts. These comprised two Habeas Corpus Suspension Acts, with one Continuance; eight Arms and Insurrection Acts; seven Acts of Indemnity for things done in suppressing the Insurrections; one Alien Act, with three Continuances; two Acts for establishing Courts Martial to suppress the Rebellion; an Act against offenders called Houghers; and the Convention Act.

we find that since the Fenian outbreak of 1866 there have been in force during the past 42 years (independently of Arms Acts, which were in continuous operation down to the end of 1906, and the utility of which even Mr. Birrell will now hardly dare to question) only three Habeas Corpus Suspension Acts, and two Acts extending the power of summary jurisdiction of magistrates to certain criminal offences. These five Acts were in operation for limited periods, the duration of which extended, in the aggregate, to only 20 out of the full period of 42 years that have elapsed since 1866. If we adopt as the starting point the year 1882, since when but two Crimes Acts have been passed, we find that, independently of the repealed Arms Act above referred to, "coercive" legislation has been in actual operation for only 93⁄4 out of the full period of 26 years.

Prevention of Crime Act 1882 (July 82-Aug 85); Criminal Law and Procedure Act (July 87-July 92) and "Peace Preservation or Arms Act of 1881 by successive governments till 1906, when it was allowed to lapse"

anonymous (1881). The Irish problem and how to solve it, an historical and critical review of the legislation and events that have led to Irish difficulties. London: Ward, Lock. pp. 47–48.

there have been 12 acts for the suspension of habeas corpus; at least 17 peace preservation acts, whether so called or otherwise; 18 acts for limiting and controlling the possession of arms and gunpowder; 17 for the prevention of resistance to the law by means of outrages against persons and property; 25 against unlawful and dangerous societies, combinations, assemblies, and processions; 11 for the suppression of rebellions, insurrections, and disturbances; and 1 for curtailing the freedom of the press ;—at least 100 coercion acts in 80 years.

[William] Nial Osborough:

The related land agitation of the 1870s and 1880s caused the promulgation of the most draconian of the various nineteenth-century statutory “coercion” measures unique to Ireland, the Criminal Law and Procedure (Ireland) Act of 1887, which, unusually, spawned its own set of law reports as well as Timothy Harrington's bitter survey of its administration, his Diary of Coercion (1888–1890).

Hansard indexes (number of references):

• Coercion Act 1962
• Coercion Bill 1033
• Coercive Bill 46
• Coercive Act 4
• Irish Coercion Bill 107
• Irish Coercion Act 30
• Irish Coercive Bill 12

Dicey

Dicey, Albert Venn (1887). "English Arguments in favour of Home Rule; V: From the Necessity for Coercion Acts". Why England maintains the union. A popular rendering of "England's case against home rule.". London: J. Murray. pp. 22–27.

25. Two Small Grounds of Objection to them:

(a) As being at Variance with Moral Sentiments. "In the first place, the word Coercion means any attempt to enforce a law among people whose moral sympathies are at variance with the law itself"

(b) As being Dangerous to Liberty. "In the second place, Coercion means the enforcement of law by arbitrary and exceptional methods, which tend to diminish the securities for freedom possessed by ordinary citizens"

26. How these Objections should be Met. "A Coercion Act should in the first place be aimed, not so much at the direct enforcement of rules opposed to popular opinion, as at the punishment of offences which, though in some degree connected with dislike to an unpopular law, or to unpopular rights, are yet deeds in themselves condemned by the human conscience"

27. Permanent and General Coercion Acts would improve our Criminal Law. "The real question is, whether we can by just administration, and by just legislation, remove the source of Irish opposition to the law. If we can do so, the outcry about coercion becomes unmeaning; if we cannot, it becomes an argument of crushing power in favour, not of Home Rule, but of Separation."

Dicey, Albert Venn (1886). "English Arguments in favour of Home Rule; V: From the Necessity for Coercion Acts". England's Case Against Home Rule. London. pp. 110 et seq. Retrieved 26 February 2021 – via Project Gutenberg.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

Of all the terms which at the present moment confuse public judgment, none is more vague and misleading than the word "Coercion" when applied to every stringent attempt to enforce in Ireland obedience to the law of the land.

Coercion means and includes two different though closely connected ideas which the laxity of popular thought fails to distinguish.

First.—Coercion means any attempt to enforce a law among people whose moral sympathies are at variance with the law itself. In this sense Coercion is opposed to that enforcement of ordinary law with which we are all familiar. Thus, to punish a Ritualist for not conforming to the judgment of the Privy Council, to enforce vaccination at Leicester, to compel a Quaker to pay tithes, to eject an Irish tenant from the farm he has occupied, to drag him into Court and seize his goods if he does not pay his rent, to punish severely resistance to the Sheriff's officer, or to the bailiff who gives effect to the rights of an Irish landlord, are in popular estimation proceedings which according to the nature of the law put in force are stigmatised as persecution or Coercion. They certainly differ from the compulsion by which common debtors are compelled to pay their debts, or thieves are prevented from picking pockets or breaking into houses. The difference lies in this. Where the enforcement of the law is called "Coercion," not only does the criminal think himself in the right, or at any rate think the law a wrongful law, but also the society to which he belongs holds that the law-breaker is maintaining a moral right against an immoral law. The anti-vaccinator is deemed a martyr at Leicester, the farmer who will not pay his rent is thought a patriot at Cork. Where the enforcement of the law is not popularly deemed coercion the law-breaker does not suppose himself to be in the right, and still less do his associates think him morally praiseworthy. A thief does not in general hold any theory about the rightness of larceny, and there is no society in the United Kingdom at least who deny the moral validity of the Eighth Commandment.

Secondly.—Coercion means the enforcement of law by arbitrary and exceptional methods which tend to diminish the securities for freedom possessed by ordinary citizens. Thus the suspension of the Habeas Corpus Act, the abolition of trial by jury, the introduction of peculiar rules of evidence to facilitate convictions for a particular class of crimes, a suspension (speaking generally) of what would be called in foreign countries "constitutional guarantees," in order to secure obedience to particular laws, would be called coercion.

It is most important, however, to note that the valid opposition to so-called Coercion Acts may and ought to be greatly mitigated by careful adherence to two maxims which are obvious, but are often neglected.

A Coercion Act in the first place, should be aimed, not at the direct enforcement of rules opposed to popular opinion, but at the punishment of offences which, though they may be indirectly connected with dislike of an unpopular law or with opposition to rights (for instance, of landowners) not sanctioned by popular opinion, are deeds in themselves condemned by the human conscience. Deliberate breaches of contract, insults to women and children, the murder or torture of witnesses who have given truthful evidence in support of a conviction for crime, brutal cruelty to cattle, may be methods of popular vengeance, or the sanctions which enforce an agrarian code; but one may feel certain that the man who breaks his word, who tortures or murders his neighbour or who huffs cattle, knows himself to be not only a criminal, but a sinner, and that the law, which condemns him to punishment, though it may excite temporary outcry, can rely on the ultimate sanction of the popular conscience.

A Coercion Act, in the second place, should as far as possible be neither a temporary nor an exceptional piece of legislation.

The passing of one such good Criminal Law Amendment Act would, though its discussion occupied a whole Session, save our representatives in Parliament an infinite waste of time, and would make unnecessary half-a-dozen Coercion Acts for Ireland. To enlarge the power of examining persons suspected of connection with a crime, even though no man is put upon his trial; to get rid of every difficulty in changing the venue; to give the Courts the right under certain circumstances of trying criminals without the intervention of a jury; to organise much more thoroughly than it is organised at present in England the whole system of criminal prosecutions; to enable the executive to prohibit public meetings which might provoke a breach of the peace, would in many cases be an improvement on the criminal law of England itself.

Links to check

• EPPI Political crimes and offenses - Ireland/Public policy (Law) - Ireland
• Leadam, Isaac Saunders (1880). Coercive measures in Ireland, 1830-1880. LSE Selected Pamphlets. London: National Press Agency. JSTOR 60216869.
  • Page 7 summarises 1796-1825 acts, and justified Catholic Emancipation as starting point for survey. Appendix B lists 48 acts between 1830 and 1875; Appendix C summarizes these and says where repealed or not; footnotes on classification etc.
• Crossman, Virginia (November 1991). "Emergency Legislation and Agrarian Disorder in Ireland, 1821-41". Irish Historical Studies. 27 (108). Cambridge University Press: 309–323. doi:10.1017/S0021121400018009. JSTOR 30008413. S2CID 163754404.
  • p.309:"Samuel Clark tells us that governments passed or renewed thirty-five coercion acts between the Union and the Famine" [cites Samuel Clark, Social origins of the Irish Land War (Princeton, 1979), pp 66-7; who cites Locker-Lampson]
  • footnotes give session chapters of acts discussed.
• Crossman, Virginia (1996). "Appendix F. Select List of Statutes Relating to the Preservation or Restoration of Order in Ireland, 1776-1923". Politics, Law and Order in Nineteenth-century Ireland. Gill and Macmillan. pp. 199–230. ISBN 0717120015.
• Leech, H. J. (1886). The Irish roll call: a record of the government of Ireland from 1685 to 1885. LSE Selected Pamphlets. No publisher name given. JSTOR 60214175.
  • chronology has informal names in ALLCAPS of many relevant acts
• Roszman, Jay R. (August 2018). "The curious history of Irish 'outrages': Irish agrarian violence and collective insecurity, 1761-1852: Irish agrarian violence and collective insecurity, 1761-1852". Historical Research. 91 (253): 481–504. doi:10.1111/1468-2281.12228.

  This article traces the development of the term ‘outrages’, which by the nineteenth century was used in an almost exclusively Irish context. ... its meaning was systematized by the newly reformed Irish constabulary who surveilled particular forms of Irish violence and quantified its existence.