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Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Pseudomonadota |
| Class: | Gammaproteobacteria |
| Order: | Vibrionales |
| Family: | Vibrionaceae |
| Genus: | Vibrio |
| Species: | V. cincinnatiensis
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| Binomial name | |
| Vibrio cincinnatiensis Brayton et al. 1986
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Vibrio cincinnatiensis is a species Gram negative bacteria. It was named after Cincinnati, Ohio where it was first isolated and characterized.[1] It is rarely isolated from human specimens. In the 2019, V. cincinnatiensis accounted for only 0.07% of all confirmed cases of vibriosis in the United States.[2]
Description
editVibrio cincinnatiensis is a halophilic, facultatively anaerobic Gram-negative rod, 0.7 by 2.0 μm in diameter.[1] This organism is oxidase positive and motile by a single polar flagellum. V. cincinnatiensis produces yellow colonies on TCBS agar, indicating sucrose fermentation.[3]
Similar to other members of the Vibrionaceae family, V. cincinnatiensis is most commonly isolated from marine and aquatic environments. This bacterium was isolated from several bodies of water including Chesapeake Bay, Adriatic Sea, and Ohta River. In all these studies, V. cincinnatiensis represented only a small fraction of the resident Vibrio populations.[4]
Clinical Significance
editVibrio cincinnatiensis is listed as a pathogenic member of Vibrionaceae. However, due to the low number of reported cases and the broad diversity of disease presentation, this bacterium's status as a human enteric or wound pathogen is unclear.[5]
V. cincinnatiensis was first isolated from the blood and cerebrospinal fluid of a 70-year-old male at the University of Cincinnati Hospital in 1986.[1] The patient had no known contact with seafood or seawater. Therapy was begun with ampicillin followed by moxalactam. The patient's uneventful recovery represented the first successful treatment of Vibrio sp. meningitis in an adult. This bacterium was also isolated from the stool of a patient experiencing gastroenteritis. [6]
The first reported case of V. cincinnatiensis was
E. casseliflavus shares many phenotypic traits with the more frequently encountered E. faecium. However, additional biochemical tests can be used to separate the two organisms. Additionally, E. casselflavus produces respiratory quinones and its colonies possess a bright yellow pigment.[7][8]
E. casseliflavus possess the vanC genotype and are intrinsically resistant to glycopeptides such as vancomycin.[9]
| Kelubact/sandbox | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification
| |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Pseudomonadota |
| Class: | Gammaproteobacteria |
| Order: | Vibrionales |
| Family: | Vibrionaceae |
| Genus: | Vibrio |
| Species: | V. cincinnatiensis
|
| Binomial name | |
| Vibrio cincinnatiensis Collins et al. 1984[10]
| |
| Synonyms | |
| |
| Test type | Test | Characteristics |
| Colony characters | Size | Large |
| Type | Smooth | |
| Color | ||
| Shape | Flat | |
| Morphological characters | Shape | Rod |
| Physiological characters | Motility | + |
| Growth at 6.5% NaCl | - | |
| Biochemical characters | Gram staining | - |
| Oxidase | + | |
| Catalase | + | |
| Oxidative-Fermentative | ||
| Motility | + | |
| Methyl Red | - | |
| Voges-Proskauer | - | |
| Indole | - | |
| H2S Production | - | |
| Urease | - | |
| Nitrate reductase | + | |
| β-Galactosidase | ||
| Phenylalanine Deaminase | - | |
| DNAse | - | |
| Lipase | + | |
| Lysine Decarboxylase | - | |
| Pigment | + (bluish green pigmentation) | |
| Hemolysis | Beta/variable | |
| Hydrolysis of | Casein | + |
| Starch | - | |
| Arginate | - | |
| Utilization of | Glycerol | + |
| Galactose | - | |
| D-Glucose | + | |
| D-Fructose | + | |
| D-Mannose | - | |
| Mannitol | + | |
| Citrate | + | |
| Maltose | - | |
| Sucrose | - | |
| Lactose | - |
Note: + = Positive, - =Negative
Note: + = Positive, - =Negative
- ^ a b c Brayton, P R; Bode, R B; Colwell, R R; MacDonell, M T; Hall, H L; Grimes, D J; West, P A; Bryant, T N (Jan 1986). "Vibrio cincinnatiensis sp. nov., a new human pathogen". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 23 (1): 104–108. doi:10.1128/jcm.23.1.104-108.1986. ISSN 0095-1137. PMC 268580. PMID 2422196.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) - ^ "COVIS Annual Summary, 2019". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
- ^ Soga, Eiji; Sakaguchi, Kanae; Takizawa, Shino; Tanabe, Mizuki; Denda, Tomohiro; Koide, Shota; Hayashi, Wataru; Kasahara, Satoe; Nagano, Yukiko; Nagano, Noriyuki (2023-02-14). Bekal, Sadjia (ed.). "Emergence of Vibrio cincinnatiensis, a Rare Human Pathogen, in Urban Crows". Microbiology Spectrum. 11 (1). doi:10.1128/spectrum.03925-22. ISSN 2165-0497. PMC 9927279. PMID 36475968.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) - ^ Jäckel, Claudia; Hammerl, Jens Andre; Arslan, Huynh-Huong-Thao; Göllner, Cornelia; vom Ort, Nicole; Taureck, Karin; Strauch, Eckhard (2020-05-15). "Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Veterinary Vibrio cincinnatiensis Isolates". Microorganisms. 8 (5): 739. doi:10.3390/microorganisms8050739. ISSN 2076-2607.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ "National Enteric Disease Surveillance: COVIS Annual Summary, 2014" (PDF). Centers for Disease Control.
- ^ Wuthe, Hanns-Herbert; Aleksić, Stojanka; Hein, Wolfgang (Nov 1993). "Contribution to Some Phenotypical Characteristics of Vibrio cincinnatiensis. Studies in One Strain of a Diarrhoeic Human Patient and in Two Isolates from Aborted Bovine Fetuses". Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie. 279 (4): 458–465. doi:10.1016/S0934-8840(11)80417-2.
- ^ Collins, M. D.; Jones, D.; Farrow, J. A. E.; Kilpper-Balz, R.; Schleifer, K. H. (1984-04-01). "Enterococcus avium nom. rev., comb. nov.; E. casseliflavus nom. rev., comb. nov.; E. durans nom. rev., comb. nov.; E. gallinarum comb. nov.; and E. malodoratus sp. nov". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 34 (2): 220–223. doi:10.1099/00207713-34-2-220. ISSN 0020-7713.
- ^ Collins, M. D.; Jones, D. (1979-09-01). "The Distribution of Isoprenoid Quinones in Streptococci of Serological Groups D and N". Journal of General Microbiology. 114 (1): 27–33. doi:10.1099/00221287-114-1-27. ISSN 0022-1287.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Vincent, S; Knight, R G; Green, M; Sahm, D F; Shlaes, D M (Oct 1991). "Vancomycin susceptibility and identification of motile enterococci". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 29 (10): 2335–2337. doi:10.1128/jcm.29.10.2335-2337.1991. ISSN 0095-1137. PMC 270325. PMID 1939593.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) - ^ "Species: Vibrio cincinnatiensis". LPSN.DSMZ.de.