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The Royal Netherlands Indies Army (Dutch: Koninklijk Nederlands Indisch Leger; KNIL, Dutch pronunciation: [knɪl]) was the military force maintained by the Kingdom of the Netherlands in its colony of the Netherlands East Indies (Dutch East Indies), which is now Indonesia. The KNIL's air arm was known as the Militaire Luchtvaart-KNIL ("Military Aviation of the KNIL") . Elements of the Royal Netherlands Navy were also stationed in the Netherlands East Indies.
History
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The KNIL was formed by royal decree on 14 September 1814.[2] It was not part of the Royal Netherlands Army, but a separate military arm specifically formed for service in the Netherlands East Indies. Its establishment coincided with the Dutch drive to expand colonial rule from the 17th century area of control to the far larger territories constituting the Dutch East Indies seventy years later.[3][failed verification]
In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the KNIL resumed the conquest of the Indonesian archipelago. After 1904 the Netherlands East Indies were considered pacified, with no large-scale armed opposition to Dutch rule until World War II, and the KNIL served a mainly defensive role protecting the Dutch East Indies from the possibility of foreign invasion.
Once the archipelago was considered pacified the KNIL was mainly involved with military policing tasks. To ensure a sizeable European military segment in the KNIL and reduce costly recruitment in Europe, the colonial government introduced obligatory military service for all resident male conscripts in the European legal class in 1917.[4] In 1922 a supplemental legal enactment introduced the creation of the Home Guard (Dutch: Landstorm) for European conscripts older than 32.[5]
- ^ https://knil-repo.s3.amazonaws.com/knil-logo.png.
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(help) - ^ DE DATUM VAN OPRICHTING VAN HET KONINKLIJK NEDERLANDS-INDISCH LEGER 14 SEPTEMBER 1814 http://www.vriendenvanbronbeek.nl/3%20Nieuws20170726KNILmonument1814.htm
- ^ "The Royal Netherlands Indies Army". netherlands-australia2006.com. Archived from the original on 16 February 2009. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
- ^ Willems 1994, pp. 32–33.
- ^ Willems 1994, pp. 32–36.
- ^ https://www.sea.museum/2015/11/04/when-the-indonesian-revolution-came-to-an-australian-country-town