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Named Binary Tag (NBT) is a compressed data storage format created by Markus Persson for use in the Minecraft video game. It is used in Minecraft to store levels and player data, but is not limited to this.
The format consists of ten binary tags, each one either storing different types of data, or storing other tags. The ten tags are Byte, Short, Int, Long, Float, Double, Byte Array, String, List, and Compound. The file itself consists of a single gzipped Compound[1].