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Kepala Batas
Kepala Batas
Suburb of Seberang Perai and district capital
Other transcription(s)
• Mandarin	甲抛峇底
• Tamil	கெப்பாலா பத்தாஸ்
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	Kepala Batas Location within Seberang Perai in Penang
	Coordinates: 5°31′0″N 100°25′0″E / 5.51667°N 100.41667°E
Country	Malaysia
State	Penang
City	Seberang Perai
District	North Seberang Perai
Government
• Local government	Seberang Perai City Council
• Mayor of Seberang Perai	Azhar Arshad
Area
• Total	0.2 km2 (0.08 sq mi)
Population (2020)
• Total	361
• Density	1,800/km2 (4,700/sq mi)
Demographics
• Ethnic groups	36.3% Chinese; 35.7% Bumiputera 35.7% Malay; ; 27.7% Indian; 0.3% Non-citizens;
Time zone	UTC+8 (MST)
• Summer (DST)	Not observed
Postal code	13200
Area code(s)	+6045

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Kepala Batas (UK: ⫽ˌkəpɑːlɑː bɑːtɑːs⫽, Malay: [kəpala batas]) is a suburb of Seberang Perai and the seat of the Northern Seberang Perai District in the Malaysian state of Penang. It lies about 10 km (6.2 mi) northeast of Butterworth and 15km (9.3 mi) southwest of Sungai Petani.

Etymology

Kepala Batas means "front end of the paddy field" in Malay; Kepala is the top or front end of something, and Batas is the earthern dykes bordering a paddy field.^[2]^[3]^{[additional citation(s) needed]}

Dykes in a Malaysian paddy field.

Kepala Batas was mostly a muddy region, where paddy cultivation became a major agricultural activity for its residents.^[4] The abundance of paddy fields in the area thus gave rise to the place's name.^{[citation needed]}

History

Early history

Archaeological evidence indicates that the region of Kepala Batas had been inhabited by nomadic Melanesians from as early as the Neolithic era.^[5] Human remains dating back to about 5,000 to 6,000 years ago, along with seashells, pottery and hunting tools were discovered to the south of the Muda River in Guar Kepah.^[6]

Kepala Batas also became part of the Bujang Valley civilisation, and early Hindu-Buddhist polity centered in what is now Kedah sometime between the 5th to 6th centuries and later becoming part of the Sultanate of Kedah.^[7]^[8]

British acquisitions

In 1800, the British East India Company (EIC) annexed a strip of the mainland from Kedah for a sum of 4,000 Spanish dollars. This newly-acquired territory was named Province Wellesley after Governor-General of India Richard Wellesley.^[9]

The EIC would later expand Province Wellesley northwards in 1831 following a treaty with Siam, which had by then annexed Kedah.^[10]^[11] EIC thus gained Kepala Batas in the process.

Province Wellesley

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World War II & Post-war

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Post-Independence

After

Geography

Kepala Batas

Demographics

Ethnicities within Kepala Batas in 2020^[1]
Ethnicities / Nationality			Percentage
Chinese			36.3%
Malays			35.7%
Indians			27.7%
Non-Malaysians			0.3%

As of 2020^[update], Kepala Batas had a population of 361.^[1] Chinese and Malays each formed about 36% of the population, followed by Indians at 27%.

In popular culture

A British plantation bungalow in Kepala Batas, the Bertam House, was featured in A House Of its Time, a documentary series created by Freestate Productions and broadcast by Mediacorp.^[12]^[13]

Notable people

Abdullah bin Haji Ahmad Badawi, 5th Prime Minister of Malaysia (31 October 2003 – 3 April 2009).^[14]
Abdul Rahman Abbas, 7th Yang di-Pertua Negeri of the state of Penang, Malaysia (2001–2021).^[15]
Nor Mohamed Yakcop, former Malaysian Minister in the Prime Minister's Department and Minister of Finance II.
Reezal Merican bin Naina Merican, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs (29 July 2015 - 9 May 2018), Minister of Youth and Sports (10 March 2020 - 16 August 2021), Minister of Housing and Local Government (30 August 2021 - 24 November 2022), Member of the Parliament of Malaysia for the seat of Kepala Batas (2013-2022) in the state of Penang and Member of the Penang State Legislative Assembly for the seat of Bertam (since 2023).

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "MyCensus 2020: Mukim/Town/Pekan". Department of Statistics Malaysia. Putrajaya: 174–175. February 2024. ISBN 9789672537069.
^ "Kepala - Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu". Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Archived from the original on 21 November 2023. Retrieved 19 May 2024.
^ "Batas - Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu". Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Archived from the original on 29 November 2023. Retrieved 19 May 2024.
^ Low, James (1836). A Dissertation on the Soil & Agriculture of the British Settlement of Penang, Or Prince of Wales Island, in the Straits of Malacca: Including Province Wellesley on the Malayan Peninsula. With Brief References to the Settlements of Singapore & Malacca, and Accompanied by Incidental Observations on Various Subjects of Local Interest in These Straits. Singapore Free Press. Archived from the original on 3 June 2024.
^ Lisowski FP, Schmitt LH, Groves CP, Bulbeck D, Oxnard C, Buck A (November 1996). "Holocene Biological Evolution of the Malay Peninsula Aborigines (Orang Asli)". In Rousham E, Freedman L (eds.). Perspectives In Human Biology: Humans In The Australasian Region. Vol. 2. World Scientific. doi:10.1142/3355. ISBN 978-981-4497-86-2. Archived from the original on 18 May 2024. Retrieved 19 May 2024.
^ Rosli, Najmiah; Rosli, Farid N.; Rahman, Nazrin; Saidin, Mokhtar; Ismail, Nur A.; Saad, Rosli (2021-10-02). "Shoreline Fluctuations Mark the Beginning and the Ending of Prehistoric Human Habitation at Guar Kepah, Malaysia". The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology. 16 (2–4): 541–552. doi:10.1080/15564894.2020.1783038. ISSN 1556-4894. Archived from the original on 11 January 2024. Retrieved 11 January 2024 – via Taylor & Francis.
^ Samat, Narimah (May 2013). "International Journal of the Malay World and Civilisation" (PDF). International Journal of the Malay World and Civilisation (May). The National University of Malaysia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 January 2024.
^ Winstedt, Richard (1936). "Notes on the History of Kedah". Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 14 (3 (126)): 155–189. ISSN 2304-7550. Archived from the original on 26 December 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2024 – via JSTOR.
^ Swettenham, Frank Athelstane (1907). British Malaya; an account of the origin and progress of British influence in Malaya. Contributed by University of California Libraries. London, New York: John Lane. p. 46. OL 6981383M. It is perhaps not necessary to push the matter further, except as regards one point, and that is, how the Sultan of Kedah came to consent to two treaties, the first in 1791, and the second in 1800, without stipulating for that provision which, to him, was the sole reason for the cession of Pinang. Neither document provided for the protection of Kedah. By the first engagement the Company undertakes to pay to the Sultan six thousand dollars a year so long as the English remain in possession of Pinang. By the second, called a treaty of friendship and alliance — signed by Sir George Leith, Lieutenant-Governor of Pinang — it is provided, that the Company shall pay to the Sultan ten thousand dollars a year, so long as they occupy Pinang and the strip of territory opposite (now called Province Wellesley), and the Sultan agrees to give to the Company for ever the strip of mainland referred to, which is then roughly defined.
^ Hill, Ronald David (23 November 1839). "Plan Of Prince Of Wales Island And Province Wellesley". National Archives of Singapore. Ms copy by Poon Puay Kee. Archived from the original on 16 October 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
^ Moniot, Jules Michael (1854). "Map of Prince of Wales' Island or Pulo Penang and Province Wellesley, surveyed under the auspices of the Honorable Colonel W.J. Butterworth C.B. Governor of Prince of Wales' Island, Singapoor and Malacca, including a careful survey of the South Channel". National Archives of Singapore. Archived from the original on 19 May 2024. Retrieved 19 May 2024.
^ "A House of Its Time". meWATCH (Video). Mediacorp. 2 January 2016. Ep 7 MALAYSIA: Plantation Bungalows. Archived from the original (MOV IMX30) on 10 January 2024. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
^ "A House Of Its Time". National Archives of Singapore. Mediacorp. 10 January 2016. Archived from the original on 10 January 2024. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
^ "Pak Lah is Prime Minister". The Star. 1 Nov 2003. Archived from the original on 5 Aug 2019. Retrieved 12 Apr 2024.
^ Kaur, Balvin (29 Apr 2017). "Penang Governor Abdul Rahman sworn in for seventh term". NST Online. Archived from the original on 12 Apr 2024. Retrieved 12 Apr 2024.

5°31′12″N 100°25′48″E / 5.52000°N 100.43000°E / 5.52000; 100.43000

[mukimcensus-1] "MyCensus 2020: Mukim/Town/Pekan". Department of Statistics Malaysia. Putrajaya: 174–175. February 2024. ISBN 9789672537069.

[2] "Kepala - Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu". Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Archived from the original on 21 November 2023. Retrieved 19 May 2024.

[3] "Batas - Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu". Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Archived from the original on 29 November 2023. Retrieved 19 May 2024.

[4] Low, James (1836). A Dissertation on the Soil & Agriculture of the British Settlement of Penang, Or Prince of Wales Island, in the Straits of Malacca: Including Province Wellesley on the Malayan Peninsula. With Brief References to the Settlements of Singapore & Malacca, and Accompanied by Incidental Observations on Various Subjects of Local Interest in These Straits. Singapore Free Press. Archived from the original on 3 June 2024.

[5] Lisowski FP, Schmitt LH, Groves CP, Bulbeck D, Oxnard C, Buck A (November 1996). "Holocene Biological Evolution of the Malay Peninsula Aborigines (Orang Asli)". In Rousham E, Freedman L (eds.). Perspectives In Human Biology: Humans In The Australasian Region. Vol. 2. World Scientific. doi:10.1142/3355. ISBN 978-981-4497-86-2. Archived from the original on 18 May 2024. Retrieved 19 May 2024.

[6] Rosli, Najmiah; Rosli, Farid N.; Rahman, Nazrin; Saidin, Mokhtar; Ismail, Nur A.; Saad, Rosli (2021-10-02). "Shoreline Fluctuations Mark the Beginning and the Ending of Prehistoric Human Habitation at Guar Kepah, Malaysia". The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology. 16 (2–4): 541–552. doi:10.1080/15564894.2020.1783038. ISSN 1556-4894. Archived from the original on 11 January 2024. Retrieved 11 January 2024 – via Taylor & Francis.

[7] Samat, Narimah (May 2013). "International Journal of the Malay World and Civilisation" (PDF). International Journal of the Malay World and Civilisation (May). The National University of Malaysia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 January 2024.

[8] Winstedt, Richard (1936). "Notes on the History of Kedah". Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 14 (3 (126)): 155–189. ISSN 2304-7550. Archived from the original on 26 December 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2024 – via JSTOR.

[9] Swettenham, Frank Athelstane (1907). British Malaya; an account of the origin and progress of British influence in Malaya. Contributed by University of California Libraries. London, New York: John Lane. p. 46. OL 6981383M. It is perhaps not necessary to push the matter further, except as regards one point, and that is, how the Sultan of Kedah came to consent to two treaties, the first in 1791, and the second in 1800, without stipulating for that provision which, to him, was the sole reason for the cession of Pinang. Neither document provided for the protection of Kedah. By the first engagement the Company undertakes to pay to the Sultan six thousand dollars a year so long as the English remain in possession of Pinang. By the second, called a treaty of friendship and alliance — signed by Sir George Leith, Lieutenant-Governor of Pinang — it is provided, that the Company shall pay to the Sultan ten thousand dollars a year, so long as they occupy Pinang and the strip of territory opposite (now called Province Wellesley), and the Sultan agrees to give to the Company for ever the strip of mainland referred to, which is then roughly defined.

[nas.gov.sg-10] Hill, Ronald David (23 November 1839). "Plan Of Prince Of Wales Island And Province Wellesley". National Archives of Singapore. Ms copy by Poon Puay Kee. Archived from the original on 16 October 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2024.

[11] Moniot, Jules Michael (1854). "Map of Prince of Wales' Island or Pulo Penang and Province Wellesley, surveyed under the auspices of the Honorable Colonel W.J. Butterworth C.B. Governor of Prince of Wales' Island, Singapoor and Malacca, including a careful survey of the South Channel". National Archives of Singapore. Archived from the original on 19 May 2024. Retrieved 19 May 2024.

[12] "A House of Its Time". meWATCH (Video). Mediacorp. 2 January 2016. Ep 7 MALAYSIA: Plantation Bungalows. Archived from the original (MOV IMX30) on 10 January 2024. Retrieved 10 January 2024.

[13] "A House Of Its Time". National Archives of Singapore. Mediacorp. 10 January 2016. Archived from the original on 10 January 2024. Retrieved 10 January 2024.

[14] "Pak Lah is Prime Minister". The Star. 1 Nov 2003. Archived from the original on 5 Aug 2019. Retrieved 12 Apr 2024.

[15] Kaur, Balvin (29 Apr 2017). "Penang Governor Abdul Rahman sworn in for seventh term". NST Online. Archived from the original on 12 Apr 2024. Retrieved 12 Apr 2024.

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