User:Laurie Vazquez/sandbox

Many elements, characteristics, foods, items, types of clothing, and genres of music generate from certain cultures. Other cultures often take them and spin them into their own twist for many different reasons. Doing this, however, causes identity to become lost in translation.

Cultural appropriation is something many view as inevitable because items are going to change and be shared over time naturally. Cultural appropriation is often a group that is more privileged taking from a weaker or smaller group, and more often than not this is without that lesser groups permission or opinion. The following sections discuss why cultural appropriation exists and how it has replaced lost cultural items. Creative Destruction by Tyler Cowen discusses many topics around cultural appropriation and how far spread elements have become. The text also discussed why we should care and the effects it can potentially pose. Cowen states that, "The practical benefits of these developments are obvious, and they have been accompanied by explosions of cultural creativity, as discussed in the last chapter. Yet despite this significant upside we cannot help but feel that something cultural is lose at the same time." This proves that there are positives and negatives of cultural appropriation within each culture.

Cultural Appropriation is something seen very often because the world is constantly changing. New technology, new advancements, and the want for more has caused people to want more. To satisfy this need for more, people begin to draw from outside their own resources and they begin to look at others. Other times, cultural appropriation stems to actually save a minority culture from losing some of their identity. In an Article by the Atlantic, Jenni Avins mentions Susan Scafidi who is a lawyer and wrote Who Owns Culture? who once said, "Cultural appropriation can sometimes be the savior of a cultural product that has faded away." In this instance, saving a cultural product from fading away is what has caused civilizations to remain thriving instead of diminishing to other greater groups.

Elizabeth Cummings writes in an article for the InterExchange that, "The U.S. is often called melting pot because its people come from many different backgrounds and cultures, and there are such a wide variety of beliefs, values, and traditions." The melting pot has become a place for both strong cultural blending and also a place for cultural appropriation to become hidden in the norms.

Food

Food is a very large symbol of every culture. This is because food is crucial for the survival of any group and any species. Food is something used to bring people together, display characteristics of a culture, and to continue tradition. Culture appropriation can been seen in food and is often no different than other types of culture appropriation. Many still consider it inconsiderate and offensive. This can contribute to stereotyping. There are many examples of stereotyping and appropriating in food.

It can be noted that people who are more privileged have the upper-hand in deciding what is trendy or in, in any subject. In an article published by Right Now Phylisa Wisdom states that, "Here is what we know to be true about cultural appropriation of food: the people with various privileges (race, class, educational, and/or established networks) get to decide what’s trendy or in demand, and then food lovers either hope economic benefits will trickle down to those who have been eking out a living on the same thing for decades, or we turn a blind eye. In many cases, those who do have a history in an appropriated cuisine or practice are not compensated for their labour or ideas." This leads us to see a bigger picture. Smaller, more local cultures, are being forced to live off their land and make any combination of food they can with the little ingredients they have to survive. Certain food enthusiasts are trying to give back, with generally good intentions, to these smaller communities.

In the article previously mentioned, we see that the cultural appropriation of food alone can have a profound impact on society. Take for example society's associated of fried chicken with black culture. In the same article by Phylisa Wisdom, it is noted that, "Fried and Tasty (F.A.T.) has come under fire for its name and a photoshopped image of late rapper Biggie Smalls holding a friend chicken drumstick. The restaurant had also covered its walls with images of white people holding guns, though they have since been taken down in response to a media firestorm. This flippant attitude towards the danger of being Black in America harms people. Violent, racist imagery used as decoration in a food establishment suggest that we are or should be desensitized to it. Equally appallingly, non-black people use this imagery to profit off the bodies and identities of Black folks." What is crucial about this is that people are using their own propaganda such as the black lives matter movement as an excuse for cultural appropriation in food.

Italian Cuisine

There are the typical Papa John’s, Papa Murphy’s, and S’barro’s to hold the Italian flag colors to represent Italy and it’s cuisine. While there very well may be items directly from Italian cuisine, the main one being promoted is not; pizza. The origin of pizza has a very interested trace throughout history and this has lead me to a unique approach in my research. Why does society all too often associated with pizza as being from Italy? Why in the cities of New York City and Chicago, the best place to get a slice of pizza is automatically assumed to be 'Little Italy'?

In an article from The Asia-Pacific Journal we can learn two interesting new concepts. The first revolves around spaghetti and the second leads to pizza. The Mr. Pizza pizza chain was designed in a spoof so that people could see how pizza was actually taken from its rightful owners, the Koreans. Nakamoto and Epstein, from the article in The Asia-Pacific Journal, state that, "Quarrels about which nation had the right to claim the earlier kingdom as part of its own history drove not only fierce scholarly debate but a significant deterioration in relations between the two countries." To begin, they were using an analogy to represent how there is international dispute over the origin of pizza the same way that there was an international dispute between lands and kingdoms in a time before. I mention this to show the severity of the conflict over ownership. This international dispute is caused because one country truly believes that they posses the right to pizza.

Clothing

Cultural appropriation has become a very interesting topic among society because of how quickly it evolves - even day to day. Certain groups of society have even lived to see a trend thrive, die, and then circle around again. What happens when a trend is not necessarily derived from the culture sporting it? This raises many new thoughts and questions about whether or not an action with clothing can be considered cultural appropriation or not.

Henna

Henna is often used to dye different parts of the body and different objects with beautiful and intricate designs. They are often seen in weddings, ceremonies, and simply day to day use. They have been seen throughout cultures in the Middle East, Africa, and India and now some how they are being seen all over the United States and other non-traditional countries. In the United States henna is often used as fun decorative pieces for costumes and it is even often used at music festivals where many people incorporate other cultures into their outfits. The use of social media has had a huge hand in it and there are even henna artists who have gone viral for their intricate work. This is promoted through shares and often inspires many other people to then want to use this same artwork on themselves. Celebrity use is also another huge factor that has played a role in promoting the use of henna in cultures other than the original.

In an article by Her Culture they discuss the beauty of henna. The writer, Isabel Oberlender, states, "Sifting through the illuminated webpages of social media sites such as Instagram, Tumblr, and Twitter, it is practically inevitable to come across a photograph of skin adorned with the intricate, brown-red patterns of henna. Many celebrities, including Rihanna, Ariana Grande, and Gigi Hadid, have openly sported the traditional designs and have therefore given way to the increasing popularity of henna." (Henna: Cultural Appreciation or Cultural Appropriation?, 2016).

Latina Culture - Hoop Earrings

Probably one of the last things we would expect to see appear in a cultural appropriation would be associated with the ears, but here we have found it. Latina Culture is often described by the area they live in, usually the city. Los Angeles, Chicago, and New York City all have their own takes. In this section we are going to review how deep the way a culture dresses truly stems from within them. In any culture, not just the Latina culture, people use their dress to describe how they are feeling, to protect themselves, to group themselves, and more. From the beginning of civilization certain groups of people seemed to dress together.

In Latina culture, something very small that has banded them together, and something that would otherwise seem insignificant to many other people, is the use of hoop earrings. Often a young Latina girl receives gold jewelry including gold hoops from a very young age. However, when they get older they make it something of their own identity and begin to use different types of hoop earrings including very large ones. In an article from the Chicago Tribune cultural appropriation is attempted to be seen from the view of cultural sharing. Clarence Page, the writer of the article, states that, " Unfortunately, when taken to extremes, the fight against cultural appropriation can turn into a divisive fight against one of this land's most under appreciated opportunities: cultural sharing," ('Cultural appropriation'? Try cultural sharing, 2017). Cultural sharing is a theme that is often present when discussing the positives of cultural appropriation. It is used as a reason for why things are being appropriated. While the article makes interesting takes on weave and cornrows, perhaps the most important is that of the hoop earrings in Latina culture.

Page also states that, "Yes, some Hispanic students accused white women who wear hoop earrings of appropriating Latina culture, according to online magazine Inside Higher Ed. Three Latina students reportedly started the controversy by writing "White girl, take off your hoops" on a campus free-speech wall." This is extremely important and intense because we begin by discussing and studying cultural appropriation, and we leave with a new affirmative action issue. The Latina culture in this case was so offended of the white female using hoop earrings, that they reversed that hate. They never stopped to consider the reasons the white women were using them, which is what we are addressing today. When they chose to write their comments on that free-speech wall, they clearly felt they had every right to do so and that they had protection under that right. However, if this stands true - the same way the Latina culture does not want to be offended by other cultures using things that are precious to them they should not retaliate violently or harmfully. In this case the words are being the harmful aspect. With this in mind, any woman who is using something that was originally derived from another culture, needs to respect that there is potential for someone from that culture to be offended. They cannot decided whether or not something offends that person, instead they need to be conscious and aware when they are using these things. This again leads to the notion that cultural appropriation is decided by the person rather than the group as a whole.

Kimonos

There is a swap market located in Plantation, Florida that has generated some new thoughts on cultural appropriation, contrary to many I previously found in my observations. Are cultures marketing their possessions to us because they want to now or because they have to? Is it because they want to spread their culture and they know people will buy and use it or is it simply as a marketing strategy? In that swap market there were Japanese women selling traditional kimonos and accessories at low prices - and people who were not Japanese were buying them. It is unknown whether or not they were buying them for costumes or another purpose, but they were selling.

A kimono is typically used as a more traditional Japanese garment and its name generally stands for a thing to wear. In an article from The Japan Times kimonos and cultural appropriation is discussed. The writer, Shaun O'Dwyer states that, "Japanese-Americans, Japanese residents in the United States and their supporters counter-protested at the museum and on social media in vain. Counter-protesters pointed out that very few of the protesters were Japanese, and that they had no right to dictate what counted as racism or cultural appropriation against Japanese or Japanese-Americans." (Of kimono and cultural appropriation, 2015). What this shows us here is another example of the idea that cultural appropriation cannot be determined by those who are appropriating but rather it can be determined by the group who is the minority and is being affected.

Music

Cultural appropriation is also seen in music. It is often seen as a blend of many elements from different cultures into one piece of work. In this section we will focus on two different extremes of music. The first being Japanese rap along with its origins, where it was truly derived from, and thoughts the origin group might have about this appropriation. The second being rap in the American culture along with how it was appropriated and how the groups who this music has been drawn from feel about this new appropriation.

Asian Rap

In America, we have adopted a huge rap culture. It began with a great hip-hop and rap culture in the late 1900s to early 2000s and then fast-forward to 2017 and we have suddenly seen a complete turn around. Rap music in some instances has made it cool to kill people and be violent, to hold many women, to be nude dancing around. What we have not yet come to realize is that we must hold ourselves accountable for the image we put forward of ourselves and that this image can give off the wrong portrayal of our own culture to others.

Asian rap culture has made a new name for itself with artists leading its industry such as Anarchy, Evisbeats, Issugi, KOHH, and more. Asian rap culture also holds many similarities to the same rap culture here in the United States. They often are trying to portray an image of something they are seeing, feeling, or wanting to be. In an article published on The Daily Dot K-pop is discussed as well as its origins and extremes. I will be mentioning two different sections because I have found both relatable to the Asian rap culture. Sherry Tucci writes in The Daily Dot article that, "Being a fast-growing global presence, it only makes sense that K-pop would learn and borrow from one of the most successful music industries in the world. But in the quest for hard-hitting single, all too often artists become guilty of cultural appropriation - a nagging issue plaguing the genre's evolution." Are we, as the United States, becoming victim to what we often do to many other minority cultures - cultural appropriation? The Asian rap culture is essentially taking what they see from us and developing it into their own style of rap to fit the vision they have.

Tucci also writes that, "A concept ranges anywhere from broad themes like love, youth, or partying, to specific ideas such as secret agents. Regardless of the choice, the music, lyrics, choreography, and clothes all contribute to convey the idea." This describes the vision people are attempting to portray when they culturally appropriate, and in this case with music.

Bibliography

Chicago Tribune Column: 'Cultural Appropriation'? Try cultural sharing? by Clarence Page April 11, 2017. Being more recent, this article focuses on new ideas in cultural appropriation as well as themes for appropriation versus sharing. This article provides real examples and accounts of minorities feeling appropriated against as well as their feelings and reasonings. It also mentions reverse discrimination as a result of cultural appropriation.

Creative Destruction How Globalization Is Changing the World's Cultures by Tyler Cowen. This culturally rich text discussed themes of culture, culture origin and loss, societal viewpoints, and the underdog in terms of minorities. This text is also designed to examine different viewpoints that can lead to cultural appropriation consideration. Fourth printing, and first paperback printing, 2004 ISBN 0-691-11783-7

Henna: Cultural Appreciation or Cultural Appropriation? by Her Culture May 3, 2016. This article discusses the differences between appreciation and appropriation and generate ideas for the widespread use of the art of henna. This article also discusses the background, use, and making of henna.

InternExchange 10 Things to Know About U.S. Culture by Elizabeth Cummings March 1, 2017. This article primarily discusses traits of U.S. culture that are different from other cultures as well as ideas of what is unique to Americans.

Right Now - Human Rights in Australia by Phylisa Wisdom August 5, 2016. This article discusses themes of cultural appropriation in food as well as the role human rights activists have played in the discussion of cultural appropriation.

The Asia-Pacific Journal The True Origins of Pizza: Irony, the Internet, and East Asian Nationalisms by Rumi Nakamoto and Stephen Epstein October 31, 2011. This article focuses on the Internet and East Asian Nationalisms as well as the cultural appropriation of pizza and spaghetti. This is a rich account of East Asian Nationalism and ideas surrounding the transfer of culturally associated items.

The Atlantic The Dos and Don'ts of Cultural Appropriation by Jenni Avins October 20, 2015. This article discusses what is appropriate when using items from other cultures as well as what would be considered inappropriate. It also discusses themes of opinions of appropriation and origins as well.

When K-pop culturally appropriates by Sherry Tucci April 2, 2016. This article discusses how the rap music from black culture has transitioned into the Asian rap culture as well as themes for why this transition occurred and how it is strategically planned.