Our project will be on Pericytes. The work will be split as follows: Michael will be working on Definition, Structure and Components. Chris will be working on Functions. Jenny will work on Clinical Significances. Stephanie will work on Recent Studies.
Definition
editPericytes are connective tissue cells (also known as "Rouget," "mural," and "vascular smoothe muscle cells") that play an important role in microvessel support and endothelium proliferation.
Structure and Components
editPericytes have a basement membrane shared with endothelial cells. This membrane contains invagenated "peg and socket" junctions rich in tight and gap junctions. Pericytes also express different markers depending on the location and function of the cell that can help to identify the pericyte.
Functions
editBlood Brain Barrier
editThe Blood Brain Barrier is a group of vascular endothelia cells in the central nervous system that restricts ion and molecules from moving between the brain and the blood. It has been found that pericytes, along with endothelial cells, play an important role in the prenatal formation of this barrier.
Angiogenesis
editWhen blood cell formation occurs, endothelia tubes form the initial vessels and are later remodeled by pericytes. These cells cause the original vessel to mature and stabilize and can also differentiate into several mesenchymal cell types such as fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells and osteoblasts.
Antiapoptosis of Endothelial Cells
editPericytes are shown to release the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-w to promote the survival of vascular endothelia cells in the presence of cytotoxins.
Clinical Significance
editHypertension
editPericytes and their smooth muscle components may play a role in hypertension.
Hemangiopericytoma
editA rare and possibly malignant vascular tumor, this soft-tissue sarcoma is caused by the abnormal growth of pericytes.
Diabetic retinopathy
editThis disease involves damage to the eye's retina, and we will explore pericytes' role in its development.
Alzheimer's Disease
editPericytes may play a role in this disease, as they can be found in excess in the blood vessels of the brain for afflicted patients.
Multiple Sclerosis
editAn autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system.
Recent Studies
editPericytes and Kidney Fibrosis
editPericytes play a pivotal role in fibrosis of kidney cell.
Endothelial and Pericyte Interactions
editAbnormal interactions between the endothelial cells and the pericytes are connected to human pathology.
Scarring
editA subtype of pericytes play a role in spinal cord scarring.
References
edit- Armulik A & Abramsson A & Betsholtz C (2005). Edothelial/Pericyte interactions. "Circulation Research", 97, 512-523.
- Goritz C (2011). A pericyte origin of spinal chord scar tissue. "Science", 333, 238-242.
- Hall, Anthony P. "Review of the Pericyte during Angiogenesis and its Role in Cancer and Diabetic Retinopathy." Toxicologic Pathology. October 2006. Vol. 34. 763-775.
- Kida Y & Duffield JS (2011). Pivotal role of pericytes in kidney fibrosis. "Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology & Physiology", 38(7), 417-423.