Tools
editCitation and references
editSummary
edit- in the source/reference list, add a book using cite book|... (list of book details)
- in the text, use sfn|author last name|year|p=page(s) to cite a listed book (example: sfn|Sakamoto|2000|pp=70–73)
- for explanatory footnotes use efn instead. The default labels are lowercase letters (a b c) but other styles can be chosen
- See an example here for sfn/efn.
Reference listing
edit- See an example here for refn.
== References ==
=== Notes ===
{{Reflist|group=n|colwidth=40em}}
=== Citations ===
{{Reflist|25em}}
=== Sources ===
{{Div col|colwidth=25em}}
* {{cite book | last = Anderson | first = Keith | title = ''Notes to Naxos CD'' Saint-Saëns, Piano Concertos 2 and 4 | year = 1989 | location = Munich | publisher = Naxos | oclc = 27875994}}
* {{cite book | last = Anderson | first = Keith | title = ''Notes to Naxos CD'' Saint-Saëns, Violin Concertos | year = 2009 | location = Munich | publisher = Naxos | oclc = 671720802}}
{{Div col end}}In-text footnotes: sfn, efn, refn
edit| Reference page | Template:Sfn |
|---|---|
| In-text syntax | {{sfn|<last1>|<last_n>|<year>|p=<page>|loc=<location>}}
|
| In-text syntax ex. | {{sfn|Jones|Parker|2010|p=47}}
{{sfn|Wright|2010|pp=47–53}}
{{sfn|Paterson|2010|loc=section 7}}
{{sfn|Wilson|2010|loc=chapt. 2}}
{{sfn|Avid|2019|loc=2. Editing}}
{{sfn|New York Times|September 1, 2011}} |
| List syntax |
{{notelist}} / {{notelist-la}} {{notelist-ua}} {{notelist-lr}} {{notelist-ur}} {{notelist-lg}} {{NoteFoot}}
lower-alpha upper-alpha lower-roman upper-roman lower-greek "note 1–9"
|
| Reference page | Template:Efn |
|---|---|
| Variants | {{efn-la}} {{efn-ua}} {{efn-lr}} {{efn-ur}} {{efn-lg}} {{NoteTag}}
lower-alpha upper-alpha lower-roman upper-roman lower-greek "note" |
| In-text syntax | {{efn|Footnote text}}
{{efn|name=<fn_name>|Footnote text}} |
| In-text syntax ex. | This is the article text.{{efn|This is the footnote text.}}To avoid clutter in the article for very long footnotes, use "name" function: Footnote text is specified at the end of the article instead: {{notelist|refs=
{{efn|name=fn1|This is the footnote 1 text.}}
{{efn|name=fn2|This is the footnote 2 text.}}
}} |
| List syntax | {{notelist}}
|
| Reference page | Template:Refn |
|---|---|
| In-text syntax | Article text.{{refn|group=group.name|name=ref.name|Contents of the footnote}}
|
| In-text syntax ex. | Use "group" to use custom text in the citation superscript:
The Sun is quite big.{{refn|group=note|Also note that the Sun is quite hot.}}Use "name" to reuse the same citation several times. The name is case-sensitive, must be unique and not purely numeric. A semantic value is preferred. This is page content.{{refn|name=Manchester 2002|''LibreOffice for Starters'', First Edition, Flexible Minds, Manchester, 2002, p. 18}} This is more content.{{refn|name=Manchester 2002}} |
| List syntax |
==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}
==References==
{{reflist}} |
Guides
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| By topic area |
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Commas
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Semicolons
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| Hyphens |
Quotations
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Punctuation
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Table formatting
editFixed column width
editUse nowrap on specific text in the column to set a minimum width equivalent to the text width.
Alternatively, use style="white-space: nowrap;".
| Column 1 | Column 2 |
|---|---|
| Cell 1 | Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisci elit, sed eiusmod tempor incidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit laboriosam, nisi ut aliquid ex ea commode consequatur. |
| Cell 2 defining column width | Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisci elit, sed eiusmod tempor incidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. |
| Cell 3 | Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisci elit, sed eiusmod tempor incidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. |
Only the column 1 source code is shown in this example.
{| class="wikitable"
| Cell 1
|-
| {{nowrap|Cell 2 defining fixed column width}}
|-
| Cell3
|} |
{| class="wikitable"
| Cell 1
|-
| style="white-space: nowrap;" | Cell 2 defining fixed column width
|-
| Cell 3
|} |
Manual method for long dates
editSet column width to 93px to accommodate long dates in tables. (The month producing the longest text is "November").
|
! style="width: 93px;" | Column text (header cell)
| style="width: 93px;" | Column text (content cell) |
Side by side tables
editTo render Wikitables side by side, put them in a blank table with the number of columns desidered. To have the table headers aligned, content is aligned on top vertically. See example 1 and 2:
Example 1: Population history
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Example 2: MIDI CC
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Alternate method
editTo render two tables left- and right-aligned (not adjacent), use col with 99% and 1% widths, or similar (this is a workaround):
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break|width=99%}}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ {{nowrap|Production by year}} //nowrap is used to make the title enlarge the table if the text overflows the table width
|-
! 1980
| 50,000
|-
! 1990
| 75,000
|-
! 2000
| 90,000
|}
{{col-break|width=1%}}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ {{nowrap|Profit by year}}
|-
! 1980
| $6,000
|-
! 1990
| $7,500
|-
! 2000
| $8,200
|}
{{col-end}}Result
|
|
| Width, height whole table |
Percentage of screen width 1em = height of the current font (eg: 2em for a 12pt font = 24pt) |
|---|---|
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 60%; height: 14em;" |} | |
| Table size set in px (not recommended) | |
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;" |} | |
| Whole table alignment | Centered |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;" |} | |
| Vertical alignment default: center |
Must be applied on a row-by-row basis. |- indicates a new row in a table: put the code there. |
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|- style="vertical-align: bottom;" | |
| Setting column widths (in pixels) | ! style="width: 50px;" | Column text (header cell)
| style="width: 50px;" | Column text (content cell)
! scope="col" style="width: 50px;" | Column text (header cell – alternate syntax) |
| Setting column widths (in %) | ! style="width: 50%;" | Column text (header cell)
| style="width: 50%;" | Column text (content cell)
! scope="col" style="width: 50%" | Column text (header cell – alternate syntax) |
| Nowrap | Nowrap prevents an entire column from wrapping when a table spans the entire width of a page. It bases on the text length of a single cell and it must be applied to a non-header cell. To behave in this way, apply nowrap to the cell containing the longest text of a column. |
| nowrap{{Cell containing the longest text}} | |
| Can also be used to prevent table captions to wrap Table captions are introduced with |+. Add {{nowrap}} to the caption text to prevent wrapping. | |
|+{{nowrap|Very long caption}}</nowiki> | |
| Tooltips | Tooltips can be used to spell out abbreviations (eg Ref.) |
{{H:title|Content of the tooltip|Column title}} |
- Advanced: Cell diagonal split
- For collapsible tables: prevent captions to wrap
- Table captions are introduced with |+. Add the {{nowrap}} template to the caption text.
- |+{{nowrap|Very long caption}}
- Table captions are introduced with |+. Add the {{nowrap}} template to the caption text.
- Other table types: table with row highlighting
- {| class="wikitable mw-datatable" |} – classic wikitable style
- {| class="mw-datatable" |} – different header colours, left alignment by default
Useful templates
editStack
editUse stack (see documentation) when:
- a pile of stacked elements on one side (eg. on the right) prevents that another element is placed on the other side (e.g., on the left)
- stacked images or items, which are supposed to be in line with text, are pushed to the bottom of the paragraph
Stack is used on the pile of items that prevents the other item to be placed as intended.
In the following example, the pile on the right (Item 1a + Item 1b) use stack to let Item 2 be placed correctly on the left:
{{stack |[[File:Simple shapes example.png|thumb|right|Item 1a]] [[File:Simple shapes example.png|thumb|right|Item 1b]]}}
... text ...
=====''Lorem''=====
[[File:Simple shapes example.png|thumb|left|Item 2]]
... text ...Note: layout problems can occur in this case:
{{infobox
| many lines
...
}}
== Paragraph ==
[[File:Image1.png|thumb|Description 1]]
[[File:Image2.png|thumb|left|Description 2]]The infobox can prevent Image1 (on the right) to be placed to its expected position (it will be placed under the infobox); all subsequent items in the wikicode will be placed no higher than Image1's position.
To avoid this problem, all items on the left (such Image2) must be placed before Image1 (stacking with the infobox) in the wikicode.
Interlanguage link
editUse to create a wikilink to a Wikipedia of another language when an article doesn't exist in the English Wikipedia. For example,
{{ill|rotocalco televisivo|it}}
produces: rotocalco televisivo
Note that this will link directly to the English Wikipedia when an article will be created in the future. Cewbot will remove the template in that case. However, this will not happen if the English Wikipedia page is a redirect.
Add parameter "preserve=1" or "display=1" at the bottom to force the display of interlanguage links even if the English Wikipedia article exists.
Interwiki link (eg from Commons to Wikipedia)
editLink to the English Wikipedia
{{w|Name}}
{{w|Text_to_link|Text to display}}''Link to the Italian Wikipedia (w+"i", change "i" for other languages)
{{wi|Name}}
{{wi|Text_to_link|Text to display}}''Alternate syntax
[[w:Name|Name]]
[[w:Text_to_link|Text to display]]''
[[:it:Name|Name]]
[[:it:Text_to_link|Text to display]]''Maps in infoboxes
editTo show one or more maps in infoboxes, use the pushpin_map parameter:
| pushpin_map = Italy Rome#Italy Lazio#Italy
A pre-rendered map must be used. See Template:Location map/List for a list of all the maps available.
Separate different maps with #. Maps will be selectable through option buttons (see example).
Typical article structures
editFilm article structure
editLead paragraph
|
Music album article structure
editSee Album article style advice
For track listing, see this section (see also: Template:Track listing)
In the track listing template, column width is divided equally by default (excluding track number and length columns). To better fit content, set column width with |title_width= |writing_width= |music_width |lyrics_width |extra_width=.
To fit a longer list of writers, set for example: |title_width=33% |writing_width=67% — remaining columns (track number and length) will be set to the minimum needed.
Commons
editPanorama (photo merge) template
edit{{Panorama
|1 = Description of the subject
|2 = Number of frames
|3 = Software
|4 = Type of projection: spherical, cylindric/cylindrical, rectilinear/perpective}}Other templates
editUnder "Licensing" (=={{int:license-header}}==), add "author" parameter to "self" template:
=={{int:license-header}}==
{{self|cc-by-sa-4.0}}Or replace the line with this:
{{self|author=Marco Ober|cc-by-sa-4.0}}To wikilink the author line, a special page must be created containing the wikilinked text. For instance:
{{self|author={{User:Lion-hearted85/Templates/Author}}|cc-by-sa-4.0}}Add also this line linked to a special page:
{{User:Lion-hearted85/credit}}The special page will contain this code:
{{Mbox
| image = [[File:Crystal Clear app gimp.png|class=noviewer|64px]]
| type = warning
| textstyle = align:left;
| style = background-color:#f7f7f7;
| width = 100%
| text = {{LangSwitch|default='''Please [[COM:OVERWRITE|do not overwrite this image with a modified image]] without consultation with the author.'''
----
The author would like to make corrections only from the uncompressed [[w:en:raw image format|RAW file]]. This ensures that changes are preserved and are based on the best possible source to achieve the best quality.
If you think that any changes are required or if you want to express suggestions on the photo's development, please get in touch with the [[User talk:Lion-hearted85|author]].
Otherwise, you can upload a new image with a different name without overwriting this one. Use {{tl|derived from}} or {{tl|extracted from}} for this purpose.}}
}}Plot
editReviewing: Paris, Texas (film)
Edit summary: integrating a little detail back to the plot. I have used a previous article's revision as a reference and checked the film itself.
Travis Henderson walks alone through the West Texas desert in a fugue state, before stumbling into a building and losing consciousness. A German doctor examines him and determines he is mute, but discovers he possesses a telephone number and calls it. The call is answered by Walt Henderson, Travis' brother from Los Angeles. Walt has not seen or had contact with Travis for four years, and agrees to travel to Terlingua, Texas, to retrieve him. His French wife, Anne, is concerned about the matter, as they have adopted Travis' son, Hunter, with Hunter's biological mother Jane also missing. Walt reaches Terlingua and finds Travis wandering from the clinic where he was found. The two brothers begin driving back to Los Angeles.
During their return trip, Walt begins to question the still silent Travis more forcefully about his disappearance. Travis is visibly moved when Walt mentions his son, and tears flow from his eyes. On the second day of their journey, with Walt becoming increasingly frustrated with Travis' muteness, Travis finally utters the name "Paris", asking to go there. Walt mistakenly assumes he means Paris, France. Farther down the road, Travis shows Walt a photograph of empty property in Paris, Texas, which he had purchased, believing he was conceived in that town based on the stories told by her mother.
The brothers reach Los Angeles, where Travis is reunited with Anne and Hunter. Hunter, aged seven, has very little memory of his father and is wary of Travis until the family watches home movies from days when they were all together. Hunter realizes that Travis still loves Jane. As Hunter and Travis become reacquainted, Anne reveals to Travis that Jane has had contact with her and makes monthly deposits into a bank account for Hunter. Anne has traced the deposits to a bank in Houston. Travis realizes he can possibly see Jane if he is at the Houston bank on the day of the next deposit, only a few days away. He acquires a new vehicle and borrows money from Walt. When he tells Hunter he is leaving, Hunter wishes to go with him, though he does not have Walt or Anne's permission.
Travis and Hunter drive to Houston; their relationship grows closer as Hunter recounts the Big Bang and the origins of Earth, and Travis shares his memories with him. When they arrive at the Houston bank, Hunter identifies his mother in a car, making a drive-in deposit. He calls for Travis via walkie-talkie, and they follow her car to a peep-show club where she works. While Hunter waits outside, Travis goes in, finding the business has rooms with one-way mirrors, where clients converse with strippers via telephone. He eventually sees Jane, though she cannot see him, and leaves after several minutes of awkward silence.
The next day, Travis leaves Hunter at the Méridien Hotel in downtown Houston, with a message that he feels obliged to reunite mother and son, as he feels responsible for separating them in the first place. Travis returns to the peep show. Seeing Jane again, and with her seemingly unaware of who he is, he tells her a story, ostensibly about other people. He describes a man and younger girl who meet, marry and have a child. Then explains how the couple's love turns from being joyful to stifling, with the man descending into alcoholism and suffocating the young wife with jealousy and control, while she suffers from baby blues. The girl desires to leave the family while the man, loathing himself, dreams of withdrawing to an unknown place "without language or streets". A fire in the trailer home, after an incident of domestic abuse, [check if redundant] finally parts the family.
Jane realizes she is speaking with Travis, and that he is recounting the story of their relationship. He tells her that Hunter is in Houston and needs his mother. Jane has longed to be reunited with her boy, and that night enters the hotel room where Hunter is waiting, while Travis watches from the parking lot. As Jane embraces Hunter, Travis climbs into his vehicle and drives away.