User:Maddieaalund/sandbox

Madelyn's Sandbox Page

Learning how to be bold is important in life

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Maddie's Articles to Edit

"Max Luscher" - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_L%C3%BCscher

"Self-Concept" - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-concept

"Arousal" - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arousal

"History of Bipolar Disorder" - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_bipolar_disorder Maddieaalund (talk) 01:17, 10 February 2017 (UTC)

"Crystallized Self" -Crystallized self

Big Article Contribution Citations

"Transcranial magnetic Stimulation" - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcranial_magnetic_stimulation#cite_note-50

NOOHI, S., & AMIRSALARI, S. (2016). History, Studies and Specific Uses of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) in Treating Epilepsy. Iranian Journal Of Child Neurology, 10(1), 1-8. http://proxy.rockford.edu:2215/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=3&sid=4871b0a1-a94c-4a83-91de-5b270b999e19%40sessionmgr120&hid=122

Link to Michael Faraday Bio: http://physics.about.com/od/physicsetoh/g/induction.htm

Rough Draft of History Section (TMS)

The discovery of the effects of electricity on the body occurred around the year of 1771 by Luigi Galvani. Expanding on Galvani's discovery, his nephew, Giovanni Aldini, traveled to different countries, demonstrating how electric shocks reanimated tissues in dead animals. This brought about the phenomenon that the body was filled with nerves that served as electrical conductors. Later, around the year of 1831, Michael Faraday made the connection between electrical energy and a magnetic field, explaining that their relationship was shared. Applying the ideas developed by Faraday and Galvani, many attempts at using bioelectricity on nerves and muscles evolved into emitting electric shocks to the brain that soon became what is known as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Italian physicians Cerletti and Bini debuted ETC in 1937 to the medicinal world. Many ethical concerns arose after ECT became immensely popular as a treatment for various types of mental illnesses that led to many side effects, both mental and physical. Later, a similar approach was taken that was referred to as transcranial electric stimulation in the 1970s, but because of safety hazards and pain that was inflicted on patients it was revised by Anthony Barker and his colleagues in 1984 to provide a safer and less painful way of administering a single-pulse stimulation to the brain. They called it transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). TMS was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in October 2008, but this was limited to the use of only one brand of TMS administration device known as Neuronetics Inc. Also, another limitation of the FDA approval was the lack of long-term use. The FDA only approved the administration of TMS for a span of 4–6 weeks to patients with highly specified diagnoses. Because the FDA did not define aspects such as "marketing, off-label use, and technician certification", ethical concerns were established by scientists and ethics committees on how to confront these issues. Today, research is being conducted on the link between genetics testing and TMS. By focusing on genetic predictors, scientists are trying to predetermine whether patients with drug-resistant mental illnesses would require increased frequency of TMS administration. TMS research is continuously growing and evolving which expands the list of different testing possibilities for scientists. There are still many questions and ethical issues left unresolved, but as testing continues, more answers are being presented from the results that allow for agreements to be made between the realms of science and ethics.

Crystallized Self Contribution

There are many theories that explain the evolution of identity. The identity is something that is not set in stone, but rather it is something that is constantly re-purposing itself and changing. According to the skeptical post-modern theories, the self cannot be based off a foundation of mere experiences because a constant flow of information is streaming through the mind and changing the very way people identify with themselves and their environment. To remedy this, post-structuralist theorists expanded on this because of the infinite way significance can be perceived by way of knowledge in language. The relationship between words and what they symbolize is constantly evolving which creates the notion that identity and the self is "a product and effect of competing, fragmentary and contradictory discourses." This leads to the comparison of the self to a crystal. Crystals are multidimensional, much like identity. No matter the condition, crystals are still able to exist in different states, sizes, and colors. The more the crystal endures throughout its existence, the more complex and unique it becomes. Identity, on the other hand, becomes more complex and unique by way of discourse and language-base, thus leading to the metaphor known as the "crystallized self".