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Kinetid

The kinetome of the heterotrich ciliate Blepharisma

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In biology, a kinetid is any elementary structure that is used for motion of a eukaryotic cell. Kinetid in the wiktionary

Kinetid = locomotor organellar complex.^[1]

The etymology of the term derives from the Ancient Greek word κινητικός (kinētikós), meaning "for putting in motion".^[2]^[3]

In ciliates

Monokinetid in the wiktionary: A structure, in some protozoa, consisting of a single kinetid.
Dikinetid in the wiktionary: A structure, in some protozoa, consisting of a pair of kinetids.
Polykinetid in the wiktionary — Polykinetid (Lynn 2010 p.46) : a kinetid composed of three or more

kinetosomes and their fibrillar associates

Definition.^[4]

Kinetid : elementary repeating organellar complex of the typical ciliate cortex , consisting of a kinetosome (or two more kinetosomes) and its fibrillar associates, which include cilium , unit membranes , alveoli , kinetodesma , and various ribbons, bands, or bundles of microtubules , including some nematodesmata, and sometimes also microfibrils , myonemes , parasomal sacs , and extrusomes ; synonyms are kinetosomal territory and ciliary corpuscle ==> somatic kinetids (basal bodies plus associated fibrillar structures

- Ciliferous : literally “cilium-bearing”; used in reference to kinetosomes that regularly produce cilia.

Kinety (pl. Kineties ): single structurally and functionally integrated somatic file or row of kinetids , typically oriented longitudinally; may be composed of monokinetids , dikinetids or polykinetids ; ancestral condition presumed to be a bipolar kinety , with derived states as fragmented, intercalated, partial, and shortened; asymmetry of kinetids allowing recognition of anterior and posterior poles of the organism itself (see Rule of Desmodexy ); not to be used in reference to oral infraciliary structures

- Structure of somatic kineties: Somatic kineties are files of kinetosomes (Ks) linked by kinetodesmata (Kd), which appear on the left side of the kinety, if viewed from the outside.

- Numbering Conventions : (1) Kineties are numbered – following the method of Chatton and Lwoff – around the body clockwise when viewed from the apical pole, with Kinety Number 1 , for example, being the rightmost postoral meridian , which, in certain hymenostomes , also bears the cytoproct posteriorly and is normally the stomatogenic kinety ; no matter the total number, the last one, immediately to the viewer’s right of Kinety Number 1 , is conventionally labelled as “n” (Fig. 2.7a, 2.7b, 2.7e). For counting kineties, the method of von Gelei, but subsequently generally ignored, gives results exactly the opposite from those of the Chatton and Lwoff system: Number 1 is the same, but the suggested direction of counting is counter-clockwise, and thus the Number “n” meridian is on the right rather than the left side of the first kinety.

Kinetofragment : segment, patch or short file of basically somatic kinetids in the general vicinity of the oral region , originating from the nearby anterior terminations of the somatic kineties converging onto the general oral region; the frange and pseudomembranelle may be considered to be kinetofragments.

Kinetome : an organellar system composed of all kinetids (i.e., the kineties ) covering the body of a given ciliate; the total mosaic of an organism’s kinetids.

In flagellates

In metazoans

"Flagellar apparatus (kinetid) in larval cells and choanocytes of the demosponges".^[5]

References

^ Lynn, Denis H.; Small, Eugene B. (1981-01-01). "Protist kinetids: Structural conservatism, kinetid structure, and ancestral states". Biosystems. 14 (3): 377–385. doi:10.1016/0303-2647(81)90044-7. ISSN 0303-2647.
^ Bailly, Anatole (1981-01-01). Abrégé du dictionnaire grec français. Paris: Hachette. ISBN 978-2010035289. OCLC 461974285.
^ Bailly, Anatole. "Greek-french dictionary online". www.tabularium.be. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
^ Lynn, Denis H., ed. (2010). The Ciliated Protozoa (3rd ed.). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. p. 33-34. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-8239-9. ISBN 978-1-4020-8238-2.
^ Sokolova, Agniya M.; Pozdnyakov, Igor R.; Ereskovsky, Alexander V.; Karpov, Sergey A. (2019-06-01). "Kinetid structure in larval and adult stages of the demosponges Haliclona aquaeductus (Haplosclerida) and Halichondria panicea (Suberitida)". Zoomorphology. 138 (2): 171–184. doi:10.1007/s00435-019-00437-5. ISSN 1432-234X.

[1] Lynn, Denis H.; Small, Eugene B. (1981-01-01). "Protist kinetids: Structural conservatism, kinetid structure, and ancestral states". Biosystems. 14 (3): 377–385. doi:10.1016/0303-2647(81)90044-7. ISSN 0303-2647.

[2] Bailly, Anatole (1981-01-01). Abrégé du dictionnaire grec français. Paris: Hachette. ISBN 978-2010035289. OCLC 461974285.

[3] Bailly, Anatole. "Greek-french dictionary online". www.tabularium.be. Retrieved April 19, 2020.

[Lynn2010-4] Lynn, Denis H., ed. (2010). The Ciliated Protozoa (3rd ed.). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. p. 33-34. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-8239-9. ISBN 978-1-4020-8238-2.

[5] Sokolova, Agniya M.; Pozdnyakov, Igor R.; Ereskovsky, Alexander V.; Karpov, Sergey A. (2019-06-01). "Kinetid structure in larval and adult stages of the demosponges Haliclona aquaeductus (Haplosclerida) and Halichondria panicea (Suberitida)". Zoomorphology. 138 (2): 171–184. doi:10.1007/s00435-019-00437-5. ISSN 1432-234X.

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