Sovereign state
|
Predecessors
|
Albania
|
Ottoman Empire
Republic of Albania (–present)
|
Andorra
|
Kingdom of France (–1278)
Principality of Andorra (1278–present)
|
Armenia
|
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Republic of Armenia (–present)
|
Austria
|
Austria-Hungary
Republic of Austria
|
Azerbaijan
|
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Republic of Azerbaijan[1] (–present)
|
Belarus
|
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Republic of Belarus (–present)
|
Belgium
|
United Kingdom of the Netherlands
Kingdom of Belgium (–present)
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
Bosnia and Herzegovina[1] (–present)
|
Bulgaria
|
First Bulgarian Empire (681-1018)
Byzantine Empire (1018-1185) Second Bulgarian Empire (1185-1396)
Ottoman Empire (1396-1878)
Principality of Bulgaria (1878-1908)
Kingdom of Bulgaria (1908-1946)
People's Republic of Bulgaria (1946-1990)
Republic of Bulgaria (1990–present)
|
Croatia
|
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
Republic of Croatia (–present)
|
Cyprus
|
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Republic of Cyprus (–present)
|
Czechia
|
Czechoslovak Republic
Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
Czech and Slovak Federal Republic
Czech Republic (–present)
|
Denmark
|
Kingdom of Denmark[2] (–present)
|
Estonia
|
Russian Empire Republic of Estonia (1918-present)
|
Finland
|
Russian Empire
Republic of Finland (–present)
|
France
|
Carolingian Empire (800–843) West Francia (843–987)
Kingdom of France (987–1791)
Kingdom of the French (1791–1792)
French Republic (1792–1804)
French Empire (1804–1814, 1815)
Kingdom of France (1814–1815, 1815–1830)
Kingdom of the French (1830–1848)
French Republic (1848–1852)
French Empire (1852–1870)
French Republic (1870–1940)
French State (1940–1944)
French Republic[3] (1944–present)
|
Georgia
|
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Georgia (–present)
|
Germany
|
German Democratic Republic (and West Germany)
Federal Republic of Germany (–present)
|
Greece
|
Ottoman Empire
Kingdom of Greece
Hellenic Republic (–present)
|
Hungary
|
Austria-Hungary
Republic of Hungary (–present)
|
Iceland
|
Kingdom of Denmark
Iceland (–present)
|
Ireland
|
Kingdom of Ireland (-1800) United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1800-1922)
Ireland (Republic of Ireland) (1922–present)
|
Italy
|
Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)
Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)
Italian Republic (1946–present)
|
Kazakhstan
|
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Republic of Kazakhstan[1] (–present)
|
Latvia
|
Russian Empire
Republic of Latvia (–present)
|
Liechtenstein
|
German Confederation
Principality of Liechtenstein (–present)
|
Lithuania
|
Russian Empire
Kingdom of Lithuania
Republic of Lithuania (–present)
|
Luxembourg
|
Kingdom of the Netherlands
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (–present)
|
Macedonia
|
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
Republic of Macedonia (–present)
|
Malta
|
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Republic of Malta (–present)
|
Moldova
|
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Republic of Moldova (–present)
|
Monaco
|
Republic of Genoa (–1297)
Principality of Monaco (1297–present)
|
Montenegro
|
Principality of Montenegro
Kingdom of Montenegro
Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
Kingdom of Yugoslavia
Kingdom of Montenegro (1941–1944)
Democratic Federal Yugoslavia
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
State Union of Serbia and Montenegro[4]
Montenegro[5] (–present)
|
Netherlands
|
Crown of Castile (–1581)
Kingdom of the Netherlands (1581–present)
|
Norway
|
Kingdom of Norway (–present)
|
Poland
|
Republic of Poland (–present)
|
Portugal
|
Kingdom of León (–1139)
Kingdom of Portugal (1139–1910)
Portuguese Republic (1910–present)
|
Romania
|
Ottoman Empire
Romania (–present)
|
Russia
|
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Russian Federation (–present)
|
San Marino
|
Roman Empire (–301)
Republic of San Marino (301–present)
|
Serbia
|
Serbian Empire
Ottoman Empire
Principality of Serbia
Kingdom of Serbia
Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
Kingdom of Yugoslavia
Democratic Federal Yugoslavia
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
State Union of Serbia and Montenegro[4]
Republic of Serbia (–present)
|
Slovakia
|
Czechoslovak Republic
Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
Czech and Slovak Federal Republic
Slovak Republic (–present)
|
Slovenia
|
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
Republic of Slovenia (–present)
|
Spain
|
Crown of Aragon and Crown of Castile
Kingdom of Spain (1716–present)
|
Sweden
|
Kingdom of Sweden (–present)
|
Switzerland
|
Holy Roman Empire (–1291) Old Swiss Confederacy (1291–1798)
Helvetic Republic (1798–1803)
Swiss Confederation (1803–present)
|
Turkey
|
Ottoman Empire
Republic of Turkey (–present)
|
Ukraine
|
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Ukraine (–present)
|
United Kingdom
|
Kingdom of England (927–1649, 1660–1707), Kingdom of Scotland (843–1651, 1659–1707) and Kingdom of Ireland (1542–1651) Commonwealth of England (1649–1653, 1659–1660)
Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland (1653–1659)
Kingdom of Great Britain (1707–1800) and Kingdom of Ireland (1659–1800)
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–1927)
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (1927–present)
|
Vatican City
|
Kingdom of Italy
State of the Vatican City (–present)
|