Al Oeming's Alberta Game Farm
editHistory
editAl Oeming founded and operated a 1,400 acre wildlife exotic animal zoo in Alberta, Canada. He bought property after selling his wrestling promotions company to find a location in the Ministik area 14 miles east of Edmonton on Highway 14 and Range Road 223. It operated from August 1, 1959 to 1980 branded as Al Oeming's Alberta Game Park located 31 kilometres from the city of Edmonton, Alberta that also had it's own zoo established since 1959 named Valley Zoo under the care of the city. The Albert Game Park mainly displayed hoofed mammals, carnivores and birds. There were no reptiles or amphibians held at this preservation during it's entire operation.
During the early years Oeming did live trapping without the use of tranquilizer collecting rare and endangered species for this preservation park. CBC's Man of North documented the capture of wildlife in a series of thirteen television episodes aired in 1980.[1] Where shortly after was re-branded as Polar Park until it's permanent closing in 1998 due to pressure of animal rights groups in the area. He was advertised as Noah Of The North on television about 1963.[2]
Oeming's desire for an exotic animal zoo started with his pet cheetah named Tawana additionally adding more cheetah's on the preservation. He travelled for fundraising, to further adventure his preservation plans educating children in schools across Canada. The Alberta Game Park became successful for wildlife preservation and breeding programs without government assistance despite the pressure from animal rights criticisms. Dr. Oeming eventually sold all his animals except for a few horses and chickens continuing to live there until his death 2014. The park held a large amount of exotic species that became the largest of it's kind in North America, containing over 3,000 animals of 166 different species by the time it closed.[3][1][4][5]
Visiting Al Oeming's Alberta Game Farm
editA touring bus occurred twice daily in the summer months with the first run at 10:00 A.M. and the second at 4:00 P.M. from the MacDonald Hotel, otherwise visitor's could drive to the location instead of using the touring bus. When travelling by vehicle, Alberta Game Farm allotted 20 acres of no charge parking space. Sundays and holidays usually the busiest parking was directed by trained personnel.
For purchasing tickets on the east side of the main parking lot towards the exhibit area. Visitors had been informed by the ticket attendants to drive along the exhibit trail for the benefit of the elderly and handicapped individuals. All throughout the park the main trails were wide with more available parking at each exhibit area for optional driving during weekdays.
Al Oeming's Alberta Game Park also allotted a 35 acre picnic area for visitors located at the north end from the main parking lot. To the west side of Lost Lake the picnic area named as "Deer Forest". Where visitors can enjoy lunch observing peafowl, pheasants, guinea hens, waterfowl and deer. The area consisted of forested view with Lost Lake providing a breeze for warm summer days. Rest rooms facilities were located in Deer Forest and along main trails beyond the farm's Swan Hills grizzly exhibit.
Souvenir's had been sold over the years as another feature while visiting Al Oeming's Alberta Game Park. If you were looking for the souvenir shop it could be found near the flamingo pond. Also available for the visitors adjacent to the souvenir shop known as the Camera Shop. The Camera Shop specialized with all kinds of film such as postcards, projector slides and portraits were available if a visitor would like a photograph taken with an animal expert wildlife photographer.[6]
Preservation Education and Research
editAl Oeming educated many visitors, since his 1947 search to find suitable land for large breeding farm to establish a reintroduction program. The Alberta Game Farm never received or operated with any government assistance for grants or endorsements. While Oeming provided a public recreation and education it's funding had been raised with gate admissions, animal sales, concessions and film tours.
What differs in this preservation than from other zoos, that it was stressed in the name of the park. It was insisted never intended to be a zoo but a farming and breeding under close simulated natural conditions. The Game Farm aimed for it's reintroduction program to help keep animals that are considered rare and endangered. Theses efforts were to help with reintroduction affected by natural habitat and excessive persecution by mankind, to ensure that each display of animals health and well-being are top priority.
For the exhibits, professional short descriptive signage of the breeds along with the Latin and international name for it's visitors. During the summer months well informed guides would also educate the visitors throughout the park exhibits. In addition, for a fee visitors were able to access a 64 page guidebook containing photographs and information on mammal and bird species. A rare circulation published by collectors as of 2021 can be found.
Species exhibited on the Farm pre-1965
editMammals (Class Mammalia)
editTypically when a visitor thinks of mammals they are referring towards Tigers, Elephants, Bears and Deer. Al Oeming wanted to educate away from this thought process of assumptions with detailed information from well informed personal guides and a 64 page "A Visit to Al Oeming's Alberta Game Farm" guidebook to reiterate what has been exhibited at the farm.
Hoofed Mammals (Ungulata)
editThere are two types Omeing searched for, the Artiodactyla and Perissodactyla which can be distinguished in these hoofed mammal species found in all continents except for Australia and Antarctica.[6]
Even Toed Hoofed Mammals (Order Artiodactyla)
editReticulated giraffe (Giraffe camelopardalis reticulata)
Al Oeming discovered the Reticulated Giraffe could not handle the severe winter Alberta weather. This mammal enjoyed a diet that consisted with willow and poplar trees at the Alberta Game Farm paddock area.
(Connochoetes gnou)
(Gorgon taurinus albojabatus)
The rare dangerous and belligerent White-Tailed pre-1965 era out of the GNU species that it was able to adapt to all weather conditions of Alberta grazing off the natural grasses for the White-Tailed GNU's diet had been provided. The least belligerent White-Bearded was able to adapt to all weather conditions of Alberta grazing off the natural grasses for its diet had been provided.
Blackbuck Antelope (Antilope cervicapra)
Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus)
(Addax nasomaculatus)
The rare pre-1965 captive now critically endangered Addax impressed zoologists for a species native to Sahara desert region. The Addax was able to adapt very well to Alberta weather year round. It was discovered the Addax can handle drastic changes in temperatures without harming the Addax. Zoologists were assisting to breed in captivity before it's reintroduction back into it's natural habitat.
(Gazella thomsonii)
(Onotragus leche leche)
(Onotragus leche leche)
(Antilocapra americana)
The native species from African plains was a common gazelle pre-1965 where the Thomson's Gazelle can handle severe weather conditions. The Lechwe species of Africa was a very rare captive collection able to handle northern climate. And the Waterbuck native species of Africa was a very rare captive collection able to handle northern climate. Today these species can be found in other zoos for their reintroduction program projects. Waterbuck are consider now near threatened species. Al Oeming discovered the Pronghorn Antelope are difficult to maintain in captivity due to diet, parasites and stress. Quickly becoming successful to maintaining a breeding heard on the farms natural range. The diet provided by the Alberta Game Farm with a variety of vegetation in abundance.
Al Oeming didn't expect the native thin-haired Blackbuck Antelope from India to adapt year round in Alberta weather conditions. Found that the Blackbuck Antelope bred well in captivity enjoying running leaps in wide open grassy paddock area. Although the Blackbuck Antelope with a highly nervous personality it needed the wide open spaces and distance from spectators.
(Oreamnos americanus)
(Ovis canadensis)
(Ovis dalli stonei)
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(Ovis dalli dalli)
Pre-1965 era, few zoological institutions that exhibited the Rocky Mountain Goat. They are least concerned status species today that Oeming had in captivity. Oeming built man-made miniature mountain obstacles to ensure the Rocky Mountain Goats got to climb having plenty of exercise. At the time of Oeming's captivity the Bighorn Sheep can be seen in the Banff and Jasper areas of Alberta. Today they are common and not considered endangered species in this area of Canada.[7] Although, it was federally U.S. listed as endangered but not until March 19, 1998 of the areas in Palm Springs, CA south to the U.S./Mexico international border.[8] Oeming claims to be the first zoological institution to have the Stone Sheep in captivity pre-1965, along with the two others Bighorn and Dall sheep.[9] At the time of Oeming's rare captivity of the Dall Sheep, only the Brookfield Zoo in Chicago and The Alberta Game farm exhibited the Dall Sheep species.
(Ammotragus lervia)
(Ovis musimon)
(Hemitragus jemlahicus)
It is uncertain if Al Oeming retrieved the Barbary Sheep for captivity from it's native Atlas Mountains of Africa or if it was exchanged or retrieved in the U.S. wild population. The Barbary Sheep is able to adapt well to Alberta weather conditions. While native of Africa it is considered an invasive species in California, New Mexico, Texas U.S. states.[10] However, in it's native habitat is restricted or banned by law for hunters.[11] Oeming had no issue with raising the Mouflon Sheep in Alberta weather conditions. Their diet also consisted of natural grasses in their paddock area. The Himalayan Tahr needed to be secured in their paddock areas, if they would get into another paddock could be very dangerous towards less agile mammals.
It is uncertain if Al Oeming retrieved the Barbary Sheep for captivity from it's native Atlas Mountains of Africa or if it was exchanged or retrieved in the U.S. wild population. The Barbary Sheep is able to adapt well to Alberta weather conditions. While native of Africa it is considered an invasive species in California, New Mexico, Texas U.S. states.[12] However, in it's native habitat is restricted or banned by law for hunters.[13] Oeming had no issue with raising the Mouflon Sheep in Alberta weather conditions. Their diet also consisted of natural grasses in their paddock area. The Himalayan Tahr needed to be secured in their paddock areas, if they would get into another paddock could be very dangerous towards less agile mammals.
(Ovibos moschatus)
(Bison bison athabascae)
(Bison bison bison)
Al Oeming presented the largest herd in captivity for the Muskox. Returning from an expedition in August 1960, Oeming was driving six Muskox calves from the Tundras to Northwest Territories through the Northern Lakes. In order to keep the herd of cows and calves together, in the Northern Lakes he and strong swimmers dived from canoes and pontoons off float planes to grapple with 150 pound calves. Then were flown to the Alberta Game Farm where in two years had great success with his breeding program of 15 or more calves raised in captivity before reintroduction into the wild.
The Wood Bison now only 3000 left in the world located at Wood National Buffalo Park.[14] Oeming had this rare species breeding and claim to be the only zoological institution to have on exhibit pre-1965. Extra care of both these rare species attempting to maintain it's existence to eventually be released back into it's natural habitat. It is uncertain if his contributions helped maintain the Wood Bison's existence that can now be seen at the Wood National Buffalo Park today.
(Bison bonasus)
(Bos grunniens)
The near extinct Wisent in Europe at the time of Oeming's captivity these animals were a goal to increase its population from 200 to a much higher presence for the wild. During the 1960's the registry of these animals were maintained by German zoologist Dr. Erna Mohr and assistance with Dr. Heinz Heck of the Catskill Game Farm. Today there are only 1000 free ranging wild at The Białowieża Primeval Forest borders of Poland-Belrus borders.[15]
The Alberta Game Farm initiated a breeding program where annual reports were forwarded to the Canadian Federal Government. There was to help avoid the diminishing Carbiou for meat by the Inuits. The Canadian government was believed to a Yak scheme in 1953 to eliminate traditional ways of the Inuit lifestyle.[16] The Canadian government wanted to introduce Indian Yaks into the far north for the Inuit's. Wild Yaks are rare in the wild considering all the Yaks in captivity are domesticated. Al Oeming was sent two males and four females by the where he raised a heard of 40 in 1960 at the farm. [17]
(Rangifer arcticus arcticus)
(Rangifer caribou sylvestris or Rangifer acticus osborni)
These Caribou species adapt very well in Alberta weather conditions. The diet feed on the farm consisted grains, grasses alfalfa hay that help a healthy breeding of young calves while in captivity. Oeming's initial breeding stock came from newly born calves, semi-mature or adults from the wild. In order for Al Oeming to capture these Caribou species he used a tranquilizing gun with the chemical Cap-Chur and placing nylon nets with assistance from planes. While the safest and most effective way for capture these expeditions were difficult and costly.[6]
Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus sibiricus)
The Alberta Game Farm specialized in unusual colours and patterns for the native Scandinavia species of Reindeer Rangifer tarandus sibiricus).
American Elk or Wapiti (Cervus canadensis)
(Odocoileus hemionus)
(Odocoileus virginianus)
(Dama dama)
(Cervus elaphus)
The Mule Deer species are native to Alberta province and is found more in the western foothills and mountain valleys. In captivity they had free range of 1000 acres of the Alberta Game Farm. White-Tailed Deer were more common northward of the province. In captivity they also had free range of 1000 acres of the Alberta Game Farm.[6]
The Fallow Deer species native to Europe but have a massive presence today on Sidney Island, British Columbia that were introduced in early 1900's by past settlers. They have become evasive to the island where the Canadian Government, other agencies and local First Nations have a plan to eradicate the Fallow Deer.[18] While Red Deer were exhibited at the Alberta Game Farm today they are endangered by the Sika Deer existing in Central Europe.native[19]
(Capreolus capreolus capreolus)
(Elaphurus davidianus)
(Hydropotes inermis)
(Muntiacus muntjak aureus)
At the time of Oeming's captive Pere David's Deer only 300 remained alive in the world. Less than 2,000 remain as of the year 2021 in zoological institutions. Once extinct from the wild China’s Forestry Administration released 16 deer in 2016.[20]
A reintroduction into the wild at Beijing Milu Park and Dafeng Milu Natural Reserve between 1985 to 1986. With an estimate of 671 Pere David's deer present in the wild as of 1997.[21] Chinese Water Deer are a highly ski-dish species but can handle extreme cold Alberta temperatures. The Alberta Game Farm provided it's habitat with tall grass and plenty of space for exercise. Muntjac Deer however, had to be protected from the harsh weather in Alberta for they are not able to adapt to colder climate. Many young were produced while in captivity at the Alberta Game Farm.
(Cervus nippon nippon)
(Cervus nippon taiouanus)
(Cervus nippon hortulorum)
(Muntiacus muntjak aureus)
Camels
editThe Arabian and Bactrian handled the colder climates of Alberta well below zero Celsius/32 Fahrenheit. Some of the Arabian camels were born in the winter of Alberta colder weather conditions. Al Oeming had plan's pre-1965 to complete the addition of the Vicunia Camel exhibit.
Odd Toed Hoofed Mammals (Order Perissodactyla)
editArabian Camel (Camelus dromedarius)
Bactrian Camel (Camelus bactrianus)
Llama (Lama glama pacus)
Vicuña (Vicugna vicugna) not exhibited pre-1965 it was in the Alberta Game Farm's plan for the addition.
(Ceratotherium simus simus)
(Tapirus terrestris)
Al Oeming's 1964 expedition to the Umfolozi White Rhino Preserve in Natal, South Africa helped with Game and Parks authorities to capture a pair of rare White Rhinoceros. Loaded his capture on the Norwegian ship S.S. on the Durban port and unloaded at the port of Montreal.
From there he trucked the White Rhinoceros couple to the Alberta Game Farm. Where today only 20,000 White Rhinoceros left in the world as opposed to 5,000 Black Rhinoceros on the critically endangered list.[22]
The capture of the White Rhinoceros is an intense undertaking with special care. The use of the Cap Chur tranquilizer takes roughly 15 minutes to wear off making it difficult to crate the animal. Due to the large size and weight of the animal special crates designed for them to live in for 60 days. During the 60 days they are fed, watered and waste cleaned out because they are not use to handling of humans.
At the Alberta Game Farm a specially built 5 acre paddock large cement walled area put in place for security of these huge animals. The habitat ample supplies of grass and mud to provide the welfare and comfort for the new couple.
While during Al Oeming's capture of the White Rhinoceros, they were confident for a success of their breeding program for reintroduction into the wild. The Alberta Game Farm exhibited the White Rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simus simus). South American Tapir (Tapirus terrestris) was not exhibited pre-1965 it was in the Alberta Game Farm's plan for the addition.
Horses
editThese five different Zebra species were exhibited at the Alberta Game Farm. Each of the different species adapted and handled the weather conditions with no issues. The Farm managed a successful breeding of each species raising of the young.
(Equus burchelli boehmi)
(Equus burchelli antiquorum)
(Equus zebra hartmannae)
(Equus quagga chapmani)
(Dolichohippus grevyi)
(Equus przewalskii)
(Equus asinus)
The Prezewalski Horse was exhibited at the Alberta Game Farm where today they are the only wild horses at reintroduction sites in Mongolia, China, and Kazakhstan managed by Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute.[23]
When the Alberta Game Farm exhibited the Poitou Donkey there were less than 44 in the world by selective breeders. Today there is a population of around 180 within the selective breeders for which still remains on the endangered species list.[24]
Onager or Persian Wild Ass (Equus hemionus onager)
Sicilian Donkey (Equus asinus)
Carnivore mammals (Order Carnivora)
editCats (Family Felidae)
edit
(Panthera tigris longipilis)
(Panthera uncia)
The Siberian Tiger had no issues with Alberta's weather conditions today China and Russia signed an agreement to help protect the endangered 500 species remaining left in the wild.[25] Alberta Game Farm had produced two Snow Leopard (Panthera uncia) kittens from their pair of adults in May of 1964. The kittens were raised without any outside assistance later transfer to Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.A. Zoo. This species adapted to the Alberta and Nebraska weather conditions with no issues.
The Siberian Tiger had no issues with Alberta's weather conditions today China and Russia signed an agreement to help protect the endangered 500 species remaining left in the wild.[26] Alberta Game Farm had produced two Snow Leopard (Panthera uncia) kittens from their pair of adults in May of 1964. The kittens were raised without any outside assistance later transfer to Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.A. Zoo. This species adapted to the Alberta and Nebraska weather conditions with no issues.
North China or Amur Leopard (Panthera pardus japonensis)
Golden Cat (Profelis temmincki)
Leopard Cat (Felis bengalensis)
European Wildcat (Felis sylvestris)
(Felis manul)
Pallas Cat were extremely rare in captivity and it was exhibited at the Alberta Game Farm. Still to this day there are little research studies of this species with international experts of an established network since 2012 Pallas’s Cat Working Group (PCWG). Four years later collaborated with Pallas’s cat International Conservation Alliance (PICA) becoming the first range-wide Conservation Strategy published in 2019 in this collaboration of both networks.[27]
Dogs (Family Canidae)
editArctic White Fox (Alopex lagopus)
Bears (Family Urisdae)
edit
(Ursus horribilis horribilis)
(Euarctos americanus kermodei)
(Euarctos americanus emmonsii)
(Ursus arctos richardsoni)
The Swan Hills Grizzly was exhibited at the Alberta Game Farm for Oeming had a major interest in these large bears for several reasons that lead into him to conduct further investigation of the species.
In the Swan Hills region the grizzlies were being shot due to feeding off garbage dumps were Al Omeing fought for the region to become a grizzly bear sanctuary for protection of the species. Making it illegal to shoot and kill the species.[28] Shortly after oil discoveries grew that eventually forced the grizzlies out of the region.[29]
In 1962, Oeming recieved a call by Indigenous Big Dan Willier from Driftpile, Alberta discovered orphaned grizzly cubs while beaver trapping in the Swan Hills region. The three cubs collected was a 7 pound male name Big Dan, and his sisters Swanie at 4 pounds and Lady Edith at 5 pounds. Al bottle fed them handling with care and he documented every scientific detail of these cubs growth. Due to Oeming receiving these cubs at a very young age as adult grizzlies, visitors were impressed by how calm these bears when fed 3.5 gallon by the zoo attendants.[28]
A pair of Kermode Bears to be captured from the coastal island of British Columbia, Canada. Oeming claimed there were no breeding pairs in captivity at the time. The Glacier Blue Bear another on his list to capture for these are found in isolated areas of Alaska at the time only the Detroit zoo had one in captivity. Finally the Barren Land Grizzly[30][31] also was planned for future addition for he claims none were in captivity anywhere. His purpose was to collect these bears for breeding efforts to save from extinction for as they are rare.
Gnawing Mammals (Order Rodnetia)
editWeasel Family (Family Mustelidae)
editRichardson's Ground Squirrel (Citellus richardsonii)
Columbia Ground Squirrel (Citellus columbianus)
Golden-Mantled Ground Squirrel (Citellus lateralis)
Arctic Ground Squirrel (Urocitellus parryii)
Birds (Class Aves)
editGallinaceous Birds (Order Galliformes)
editThe Alberta Game Farm exhibited other different types of Peafowl species,Black-Shouldered and White-Shouldered were included with the Blue Peafowl.
Blue Eared-Pheasant (Crossoptilon auritum)
Pinnated Grouse or Ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus)
Sharp-tailed Grouse (Pediocetes phasianellus)
Birds of Prey (Order Falconiformes)
editPeregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)
Prairie Falcon (Falco mexicanus)
Cranes (Order Gruiformes)
editSarus Crane (Antigone antigone)
Young Sandhill Crane (Antigone canadensis canadensis)
Storks (Order Ciconiiformes)
editEuropean Stork (Ciconia ciconia)
Marabou Stork (Leptoptilos crumenifer)
Chilean Flamingo (Phoenicopterus chilensis)
Caribbean Flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber)
Owls (Order Strigiformes)
editGreat Grey Owl (Strix nebulosa)
American Hawk Owl (Surnia ulula)
Ducks, Geese and Swans (Order Anseriformes)
editBewick's Swan (Cygnus columbianus bewicki)
Whooper Swan (Cygnus cygnus cygnus)
Whistling Swan (Cygnus columbianus columbianus)
Canada Goose (Branta canadensis)
Barnacle Goose (Branta leucopsis)
Red-Breasted Siberian Goose (Branta ruficollis)
Blue Goose (Anser coerulescens)
Pink-Footed Goose (Anser fabalis brachyrhynchus)
Ashy-Headed Goose (Chloephaga poliocephala)
Magellan Goose (Chloephaga picta)
Bar-Headed Goose (Anser indicus)
Egyptian Goose (Alopochen aegyptiacus)
Common Mallard (Anas playtryhynchos)
Ruddy Duck (Oxyura jamaicensis)
Blue-winged teal (Anas discors)
Green-winged teal (Anas carolinensis)
Bonaparte's Gull (Larus philadelphia)
Black Tern (Chilidonias niger)
Lesser Yellowleg (Totanus flavipes)
Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus)
Publicity and Incidents
editAl Oeming named his male Canada Lynx Tonga, captured as a kitten from the wild and raised at the Alberta Game Farm. Tonga gained national fame through Walt Disney films such as The Incredible Journey (1963) although not credited as Tonga but as a half-wild farm cat.[32][33] Tonga appeared in other publications and appeared in photographs.[34]
Tawana was the name and famous for his pet cheetah Oeming owned for 13 years at the time. The male cheetah Tawana was the start of his inspirations for the Alberta Game Farm. Having added some more cheetahs to his farm but Tawana travelled on tours across Canada. Tawana was used mostly for as he is well trained to deal with public visitations. Tawana has been seen and pet by 1000's of children and adults on Oeming's tours.[35]
An incident was claimed about 1971, that Tawana lounged at a school caretaker that was unaware of Tawana unleashed in a school gym. Although no one was hurt by the incident but did put a scare into the caretaker. Since Al Oeming trained the cheetah he also did an enrichment exercise for Tawana setting up a run on a line with a broom attached at the Alberta Game Farm. Tawana would chase it and swat at it for fun and help the cheetah maintain a healthy exercise.[36]
Oeming was taken to Alberta Court of Queen's Bench on February 4, 1983 for a liability and negligence employee lawsuit for a Siberian tiger incident named Hector at the farm mauled an employee. The Alberta Game Farm had a good safety record up to the incident on 23rd August 1977.[37]
Prior to this plaintiff's employment never had training or experience but hired to work with the general clean-up crew. The plaintiff was under strict restrictions and instructions to certain enclosures including the large carnivorous animal species. If the plaintiff were to enter it would be under supervision and only during daylight hours. The plaintiff was never killed but ended up in the hospital with severe injuries with permanent disfigurement. The Siberian tiger name Hector attack was caused by other employees teasing and their actions towards the feline just prior the plaintiff entering the enclosed area.[37]
No warning by the employees or by the plaintiff's girlfriend which saw the teasing as she admitted in court. The teasing employees threw in two baseball caps where the plaintiff was concerned about Hector's saftey. The plaintiff thought by leaving the cloth baseball cap in the enclosed area over night would cause harm where he proceeded to enter at night. Disregarding strict employment restrictions and conditions set by Al Oeming and full time manager James Poole. The plaintiff's lawsuit was dismissed for the Alberta Court of Queen's Bench stated no negligence for Al Oeming. The court dismissed the plaintiff’s claim for general damages of $20,000 plus other expenses of $4,046.45.[37]
Alberta Game Farm Annual Events
editAl Oeming held annual events twice a year auctioning off historical Canadian hertiage items at the Alberta Game Farm and under his rebranded name Polar park. After Polar park closed these events kept running and the last one marking his 25th anniversary held on May 4 to May 5, 2013. Oeming expected a large turn out from across Canada and also had over the phone bidding from Australia. Oeming mentions in Strathcona News article to be a bigger event with more variety of items then his previous year.[38] In May, 2012 Oeming had an antique heritage horse carriage bidding as high at $55,000 for a piece of history run by Bodnarus Auctioneering on the farm.[39] Al Oeming had a love for horseless carriages and horse related items over the years that he sold across Canada and U.S. Canadian history he kept alive telling stories about all the items sold at his events every year.[40]
References
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- ^ "Legendary Al Oeming dies". edmontonsun. Retrieved 2021-09-15.
- ^ "ALBERT OEMING Obituary (2014) - Edmonton Journal". www.legacy.com. Retrieved 2021-09-15.
- ^ a b c d Oeming, AL (1965). A Visit to Al Oeming's Alberta Game Farm. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada: Commercial Printers LTD. p. 4, 1-64.
- ^ "Goat and Sheep Family". Parks Canada. Government of Canada. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
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- ^ "Barbary Sheep". Texas Invasive Species Institute. Texas State University. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
- ^ "Photo Ark: Barbary Sheep". National Geographic. National Geographic. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
- ^ "Barbary Sheep". Texas Invasive Species Institute. Texas State University. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
- ^ "Photo Ark: Barbary Sheep". National Geographic. National Geographic. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
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- ^ "Bringing Back The Bison : Europe's largest wild land animal". Rewilding Europe. Rewilding Europe. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
- ^ Meren, David (November 2017). ""Commend me the Yak": The Colombo Plan, the Inuit of Ungava, and 'Developing' Canada's North". Project Muse: Social History. 50 (102): 343–370. doi:10.1353/his.2017.0039. S2CID 148946543. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
- ^ Warnica, Richard (December 29, 2017). "The bizarre story of Canada's lost, doomed scheme to import Indian yaks for Inuit to farm". National Post. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
- ^ Dickson, Courtney (May 18, 2021). "Plan moves ahead to wipe out non-native deer population on B.C. island Social Sharing". CBC News. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
- ^ "The European red deer in Central Europe is endangered by the sika deer from Asia". European Wildlife. European Wildlife. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
- ^ "Saving the Père David's Deer". World Wildlife Fund. World Wildlife Fund. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
- ^ "Elaphurus davidianusPere David's deer". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
- ^ "World's oldest captive white rhino dies in French zoo". CTV News. November 14, 2019. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
- ^ "Przewalski's horse". Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute. Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
- ^ "Breeds of Livestock - Poitou Donkey". Oklahoma State University Department of Animal Science. Oklahoma State University. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
- ^ Xi, Chen (November 11, 2020). "China continues efforts to protect Siberian tigers". Global Times. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
- ^ Xi, Chen (November 11, 2020). "China continues efforts to protect Siberian tigers". Global Times. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
- ^ "Pallas's Cat". International Society for Endangered Cats (ISEC) Canada. Retrieved 2021-10-14.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ a b Oeming, Al (1965). A Visit to Al Oeming's Alberta Game Farm. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada: Commercial Press LTD. pp. 43, 1–64.
- ^ Mundy & Flook, K.R.D. & D.R. "Background for managing grizzly bears in the national parks of Canada" (PDF). Canadian Wildlife Service Report. 22: 1–36.
- ^ academic.oup.com https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article/83/1/188/2372803. Retrieved 2021-11-12.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ dfg.webmaster@alaska.gov. "White Black Bears and Blonde Grizzlies, Alaska Department of Fish and Game". www.adfg.alaska.gov. Retrieved 2021-11-12.
- ^ "The Incredible Journey (film)", Wikipedia, 2021-08-27, retrieved 2021-10-14
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{{cite web}}:|archive-date=requires|archive-url=(help); Check date values in:|archive-date=(help)CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Oeming, Al (1965). A Visit to Al Oeming's Alberta Game Farm. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada: Commerical Printers Ltd. pp. 39, 1–64.
- ^ "Al Oeming's Cats – Waskahegan Trail Association". Retrieved 2021-11-13.
- ^ a b c "Lewis v. Oeming" (PDF). Alberta Court of Queen's Bench. 1983 CanLII 1017 (AB QB): 1–14. February 4, 1983.
- ^ "Spring auction heads to the Park". sherwoodparknews. Retrieved 2021-11-13.
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- ^ https://www.pressreader.com/canada/edmonton-journal/20070504/282604553410409. Retrieved 2021-11-13 – via PressReader.
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