| Morc'hast/Pandunia | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Created by | Risto Kupsala |
| Setting and usage | International auxiliary language |
| Purpose | Constructed language
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
Pandunia is an international auxiliary language started by Risto Kupsala.
The original creators first started to plan the project in 2005. Right from the start, the idea was to create an international language that represented equally the most spoken languages in the world. The name Pandunia appeared in 2007, but the language didn't receive its current shape until 2017. Since the end of 2016, it is constantly revised through Telegram by a small community made up of mainly Esperantists.[1] On March 2017, the language became entirely analytic. [2] The syntactic role of the words within the sentence is decided by its position.
The main goals of Pandunia are:
Phonology
editPandunia alphabet is made up of 25 letters of the Latin alphabet. Every letter makes always the same sound. No letters are silent.[3]
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| Close | /i/ i |
/u/ u |
| Mid | /e/ e |
/o/ o |
| Open | /a/ a | |
| Bilabial | Dental | Labio-dental | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Velar | Labio-velars | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosives | /p/ p |
/t/ t |
/k/ k |
|||||
| /b/ b |
/d/ d |
/ɡ/ g |
||||||
| Fricatives | /f/ f |
/s/ s |
/ʃ/ /tʃ/ x c |
/h/ h | ||||
| /v/ v |
/z/ z |
/dʒ/ j |
||||||
| Nasals | /m/ m |
/n/ n |
||||||
| Approximants | /l/ l |
/j/ y |
/w/ w |
Grammar
editSyntax
editPandunia basic word order is subject-verb-object. Words like adjectives and adverbs are located immediately before the word they modify.
Words
editThe words are derived from several languages from the world.[4] Due to the international state of the language, several roots belong to different language even if the Pandunia form is more similar to that of a particular language.
Examples
edit- bot (boat) is similar to English boat, German Boot, Hindi पोत (pōt), Swahili boti, etc.
- ca (tea) is similar to Mandarin 茶 (chá), Korean 차 (cha), Russian чай (chaj), Hindi चाय (cāy), Swahili chai, Portuguese chà,etc.
- rang (color) is similar to Persian رنگ (rang), Hindi रंग (rāng), Turkish renk, Swahili rangi, Lingala langi, etc.
- safar (travel) is similar to Arabic and Persian سفر (safar), Turkish sefer, Swahili safari, English safari, etc.
- san (three) is similar to Mandarin 三 (sān), Japanese 三 (san), Korean 삼 (sam), etc.