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User:Mr. Ibrahem/Amlodipine

< User:Mr. Ibrahem
Mr. Ibrahem/Amlodipine
Clinical data
Pronunciation⫽æmˈloʊdɪˌpiːn⫽[1]
Trade namesNorvasc, others
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa692044
License data
Pregnancy
category
Routes of
administration		By mouth
Drug classCalcium channel blocker
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability64–90%
Protein binding93% [5]
MetabolismLiver
MetabolitesVarious inactive pyrimidine metabolites
Onset of actionHighest availability 6–12 hours after oral dose
Elimination half-life30–50 hours
Duration of actionAt least 24 hours
ExcretionUrine
Identifiers
  • (RS)-3-ethyl 5-methyl 2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC20H25ClN2O5
Molar mass408.88 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
ChiralityRacemic mixture
  • Clc1ccccc1C2/C(C(=O)OC)=C(/C)N/C(COCCN)=C2/C(=O)OCC
  • InChI=1S/C20H25ClN2O5/c1-4-28-20(25)18-15(11-27-10-9-22)23-12(2)16(19(24)26-3)17(18)13-7-5-6-8-14(13)21/h5-8,17,23H,4,9-11,22H2,1-3H3 checkY
  • Key:HTIQEAQVCYTUBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  (verify)

Amlodipine, sold under the brand name Norvasc among others, is a medication used to treat high blood pressure and coronary artery disease.[6] While not typically recommended in heart failure, amlodipine may be used if other medications are not sufficient for treating high blood pressure or heart-related chest pain.[8] It is taken by mouth and has an effect that lasts for at least a day.[6]

Common side effects include swelling, feeling tired, abdominal pain, and nausea.[6] Serious side effects may include low blood pressure or heart attack.[6] Whether use is safe during pregnancy or breastfeeding is unclear.[2][6] When used by people with liver problems, and in elderly individuals, doses should be reduced.[6] Amlodipine works partly by increasing the size of arteries.[6] It is a long-acting calcium channel blocker of the dihydropyridine type.[6]

Amlodipine was patented in 1982, and approved for medical use in 1990.[9] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[10] It is available as a generic medication.[6] Wholesale cost in the developing world is US$0.003 to 0.066 per day for a typical dose as of 2015.[11] In the United States, a month's supply costs less than $25.[12] In 2017, it was the fifth most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 72 million prescriptions.[13][14]

References

edit
  1. ^ "Medical Definition of AMLODIPINE". www.merriam-webster.com. Archived from the original on 8 November 2016. Retrieved 5 July 2017.
  2. ^ a b c "Amlodipine Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 28 October 2019. Archived from the original on 28 December 2019. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
  3. ^ "Poisons Standard June 2017". legislation.gov.au. Archived from the original on 13 December 2020. Retrieved 7 January 2018.
  4. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 3 July 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference norvasc was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Amlodipine Besylate". Drugs.com. American Society of Hospital Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 4 June 2016. Retrieved 22 July 2016.
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference who was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ The ESC Textbook of Preventive Cardiology: Clinical Practice. Oxford University Press. 2015. p. 261. ISBN 9780199656653. {{cite book}}: External link in |ref= (help)
  9. ^ Fischer, Jnos; Ganellin, C. Robin (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 465. ISBN 9783527607495. Archived from the original on 27 August 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
  10. ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
  11. ^ "Amlodipine". International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Archived from the original on 11 August 2017. Retrieved 23 July 2016.
  12. ^ Hamilton, Richart (2015). Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia (Deluxe Lab-Coat ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 154. ISBN 9781284057560.
  13. ^ "The Top 300 of 2020". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 18 March 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
  14. ^ "Amlodipine - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. 23 December 2019. Archived from the original on 11 April 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
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