Table of Synonyms
Name Year Rank Notes
Malus anetica Poit. & Turpin 1808 species = het. orth. var.
Malus anetica rubra Poit. & Turpin 1808 species = het.
Malus anisophylla Sumnev. 1948 species = het.
Malus apetala Poit. & Turpin 1846 species = het.
Malus astracanica Dum.Cours. 1811 species = het.
Malus batavica Poit. & Turpin 1846 species = het.
Malus calvilla Poit. & Turpin 1846 species = het.
Malus calvilla alba Poit. & Turpin 1846 species = het.
Malus calvilla rubra Poit. & Turpin 1846 species = het. nom. superfl.
Malus caspiriensis Langenf. 1991 species = het.
Malus chitralensis Vassilcz. 1969 species = het. nom. superfl.
Malus columbella Poit. & Turpin 1829 species = het.
Malus columbella alba Poit. & Turpin 1829 species = het.
Malus communis Desf. 1798 species = het. nom. rej.
Malus communis var. api Risso 1826 variety = het.
Malus communis var. austera (Wallr.) Wenz. 1883 variety = het.
Malus communis var. chinensis Wenz. 1883 variety = het.
Malus communis var. coccinea Risso 1826 variety = het.
Malus communis var. corallina Risso 1826 variety = het.
Malus communis var. coronata Risso 1826 variety = het.
Malus communis subsp. dasyphylla (Borkh.) Dippel 1893 subspecies = het.
Malus communis var. depressa Risso 1826 variety = het.
Malus communis var. domestica (Suckow) Gams 1922 variety ≡ hom.
Malus communis var. fasciata Risso 1826 variety = het.
Malus communis var. gellida Risso 1826 variety = het.
Malus communis var. joannis Risso 1826 variety = het.
Malus communis var. loiseleurii Risso 1826 variety = het.
Malus communis var. mitis Wenz. 1883 variety = het.
Malus communis subsp. mitis (Wenz.) Dippel 1893 subspecies = het.
Malus communis f. mitis (Wenz.) Gams 1922 form = het.
Malus communis var. nigra Dippel 1893 variety = het.
Malus communis var. oblonga Risso 1826 variety = het.
Malus communis var. paradisiaca (L.) Wenz. 1883 variety = het.
Malus communis subsp. paradisiaca (L.) Dippel 1893 subspecies = het.
Malus communis var. ponderosa Risso 1826 variety = het.
Malus communis var. provincialis Risso 1826 variety = het.
Malus communis subsp. pumila (Mill.) Gams 1922 subspecies = het.
Malus communis var. pumila (Mill.) Risso 1826 variety = het.
Malus communis var. reneta Risso 1826 variety = het.
Malus communis var. rosea Risso 1826 variety = het.
Malus communis var. sabulosa Risso 1826 variety = het.
Malus communis var. sativa DC. 1805 variety = het.
Malus communis var. siccifolia Risso 1826 variety = het.
Malus communis var. sieversii (Ledeb.) Dippel 1893 variety = het.
Malus communis var. tomentosa W.D.J.Koch ex Gams 1922 variety = het. nom. illeg.
Malus communis var. tomentosa Coss. & Germ. 1845 variety = het.
Malus communis var. typica Beck 1892 variety = het. not validly publ.
Malus communis var. vetan Risso 1826 variety = het.
Malus cylindracea A.Sav. 1882 species = het.
Malus dasyphylla Borkh. 1803 species = het. nom. rej.
Malus dasyphylla var. chinensis (Wenz.) Koidz. 1934 variety = het.
Malus dasyphylla f. dioeca Zabel 1903 form = het.
Malus dasyphylla var. domestica (Suckow) Koidz. 1934 variety ≡ hom.
Malus dasyphylla f. flore-plena Zabel 1903 form = het. nom. nud.
Malus dasyphylla var. gellidus (Risso) D.Rivera 1997 variety = het.
Malus dasyphylla var. mitis (Wallr.) Koidz. 1934 variety = het.
Malus dasyphylla f. pendula (R.Möller) Zabel 1903 form = het.
Malus dasyphylla var. reneta (Risso) D.Rivera 1997 variety = het.
Malus dioica (Moench) Medik. 1793 species = het.
Malus dolichomorpha Juz. 1939 species = het.
Malus domestica var. api (Risso) D.Rivera 1997 variety = het.
Malus domestica var. calvillea Likhonos 1983 variety = het.
Malus domestica subsp. caucasica Likhonos 1972 subspecies = het.
Malus domestica var. coccineus (Risso) D.Rivera 1997 variety = het.
Malus domestica var. dasyphylla (Borkh.) Langenf. 1971 variety = het.
Malus domestica subsp. hybrida Likhonos 1972 subspecies = het.
Malus domestica subsp. intermedia Likhonos 1972 subspecies = het.
Malus domestica subsp. italotaurica Likhonos 1972 subspecies = het.
Malus domestica subsp. macrocarpa Likhonos 1972 subspecies = het.
Malus domestica subsp. medioasiatica Likhonos 1972 subspecies = het.
Malus domestica subsp. occidentalieuropaea Likhonos 1972 subspecies = het.
Malus domestica var. paradisiaca (L.) Likhonos 1974 variety = het.
Malus domestica var. parmaenea Likhonos 1983 variety = het.
Malus domestica var. ponderosus (Risso) D.Rivera 1997 variety = het.
Malus domestica var. praecox (Mill.) Likhonos 1974 variety = het.
Malus domestica subsp. pumila (Mill.) Likhonos 1983 subspecies = het.
Malus domestica var. renettea Likhonos 1983 variety = het.
Malus domestica var. roseus (Risso) D.Rivera 1997 variety = het.
Malus domestica subsp. rossica Likhonos 1972 subspecies = het.
Malus dulcissima var. subsessilis (C.K.Schneid.) Koidz. 1934 variety = het.
Malus fontanesiana Spach 1834 species = het.
Malus frutescens Medik. 1793 species = het. nom. rej.
Malus glabra A.Sav. 1883 species = het.
Malus heterophylla Sumnev. 1942 species = het. no Latin descr.
Malus hissarica Kudr. 1950 species = het.
Malus hissarica var. heterogena Kudr. 1950 variety = het.
Malus hissarica var. mironovii Kudr. 1950 variety = het.
Malus hissarica var. variegata Kudr. 1950 variety = het.
Malus jarmolenkoi Poljakov 1948 species = het.
Malus juzepczukii Vassilcz. 1952 species = het.
Malus kirghisorum Al.Fed. & Fed. 1949 species = het.
Malus kudrjaschevii Sumnev. 1948 species = het.
Malus linczevskii Poljakov 1950 species = het.
Malus livida A.Sav. 1883 species = het.
Malus malus (L.) Voss 1894 species = het. not validly publ.
Malus medwietzkyana Dieck ex E.Goeze 1891 species = het.
Malus niedzwetzkyana Dieck 1891 species = het.
Malus paradisiaca (L.) Medik. 1793 species = het. nom. superfl., nom. rej.
Malus paradisiaca α dasyphylla (Borkh.) Koehne[1] 1893 [unranked] = het.
Malus paradisiaca β pumila Koehne[1] 1893 [unranked] = het.
Malus paradisiaca var. tomentosa W.D.J.Koch ex Koehne 1893 variety = het. nom. illeg.
Malus passipoma Poit. & Turpin 1846 species = het.
Malus passipoma alba Poit. & Turpin 1826 = het.
Malus persicifolia (Popov) Sumnev. 1942 species = het.
Malus persicifolia var. popovii Kudr. 1955 species = het.
Malus praecox Borkh. 1803 species = het. nom. superfl.
Malus praecox var. paradisiaca (L.) Vǎlev 1973 variety = het.
Malus praecox f. pyramidale V.V.Byalt & Firsov 2018 form = het.
Malus prasomila (L.) Poit. & Turpin 1846 species = het.
Malus prasomila augustiana Poit. & Turpin 1826 = het.
Malus prasomila var. lutea-praecox Poit. & Turpin 1846 variety = het.
Malus prasomila var. lutea-serotina Poit. & Turpin 1846 variety = het.
Malus pumila Mill. 1768 species = het. nom. rej.
Malus pumila f. apetala (Poit. & Turpin) C.K.Schneid. 1906 form = het.
Malus pumila var. dasyphylla (Borkh.) Koidz. 1913 variety = het.
Malus pumila var. domestica (Suckow) C.K.Schneid. 1906 variety ≡ hom.
Malus pumila var. joannis (Risso) D.Rivera 1997 variety = het.
Malus pumila f. mitis (Wallr.) Buia 1956 form = het.
Malus pumila var. mitis (Wallr.) Hayek 1926 variety = het.
Malus pumila var. niedzwetzkyana (Dieck) C.K.Schneid. 1906 variety = het.
Malus pumila var. paradisiaca (L.) C.K.Schneid. 1906 variety = het.
Malus pumila f. pendula (R.Möller) C.K.Schneid. 1906 form = het.
Malus pumila var. persicifolia Popov 1929 variety = het.
Malus pumila var. plena Bean 1934 variety = het. nom. nud.
Malus pumila f. plena (Weston) Rehder 1949 form = het.
Malus pumila subsp. praecox Mill. 1768 subspecies = het.
Malus pumila var. praecox (Nyman) C.K.Schneid. 1906 variety = het. not validly publ.
Malus pumila var. subsessilis C.K.Schneid. 1917 variety = het.
Malus pumila f. translucens (Hartwig) C.K.Schneid. 1906 form = het.
Malus rambura Poit. & Turpin 1846 species = het.
Malus rambura aestivalis Poit. & Turpin 1846 = het.
Malus santonum A.Sav. 1883 species = het.
Malus schischkinii Poljakov 1949 species = het.
Malus sieversii (Ledeb.) M.Roem. 1847 species = het.
Malus sieversii var. anisophylla (Sumnev.) Ponomar. 1977 variety = het.
Malus sieversii f. anisophylla (Sumnev.) Langenf. 1991 form = het.
Malus sieversii var. caspiriensis (Langenf.) Ponomar. 1992 variety = het.
Malus sieversii f. cerea Bondarenko ex O.N.Korovina & N.M.Chernomorskya 1978 form = het.
Malus sieversii var. chitralensis (Vassilcz.) Ponomar. 1992 variety = het.
Malus sieversii var. dilatata Kudr. 1955 variety = het.
Malus sieversii f. dragavzevii Bykov 1961 form = het.
Malus sieversii var. dulcis Kudr. 1955 variety = het.
Malus sieversii f. flava Bondarenko ex O.N.Korovina & N.M.Chernomorskya 1978 form = het.
Malus sieversii f. flavorosea Bondarenko ex O.N.Korovina & N.M.Chernomorskya 1978 form = het.
Malus sieversii f. flavorubens Bondarenko ex O.N.Korovina & N.M.Chernomorskya 1978 form = het.
Malus sieversii f. gilva Bondarenko ex O.N.Korovina & N.M.Chernomorskya 1978 form = het.
Malus sieversii var. hemisphaerica Kudr. 1955 variety = het.
Malus sieversii var. hissarica (Kudr.) Langenf. 1991 variety = het.
Malus sieversii var. hissarica (Kudr.) Kudr. 1955 variety = het.
Malus sieversii var. hissarica (Kudr.) Ponomar. 1976 variety = het.
Malus sieversii subsp. hissarica (Kudr.) Likhonos 1974 subspecies = het.
Malus sieversii subsp. hissarica (Kudr.) Langenf. 1971 subspecies = het.
Malus sieversii f. insipida Bondarenko ex O.N.Korovina & N.M.Chernomorskya 1978 form = het.
Malus sieversii var. jarmolenkoi (Poljakov) Ponomar. 1977 variety = het.
Malus sieversii f. jarmolenkoi (Poljakov) Bykov 1961 form = het.
Malus sieversii var. juzepczukii (Vassilcz.) Ponomar. 1977 variety = het.
Malus sieversii var. kirghisorum (Al.Fed. & Fed.) Ponomar. 1977 variety = het.
Malus sieversii subsp. kirghisorum (Al.Fed. & Fed.) Likhonos ex Korovina 1982 subspecies = het.
Malus sieversii var. kudrjaschevii (Sumnev.) Ponomar. 1977 variety = het.
Malus sieversii var. kudrjaschevii (Sumnev.) Langenf. 1971 variety = het.
Malus sieversii f. kudrjaschevii (Sumnev.) Langenf. 1991 form = het.
Malus sieversii f. laetevirida Bondarenko ex O.N.Korovina & N.M.Chernomorskya 1978 form = het.
Malus sieversii f. linczevskii (Poljakov) Langenf. 1991 form = het.
Malus sieversii f. linczevskii (Poljakov) Bykov 1961 form = het.
Malus sieversii var. linczevskii (Poljakov) Ponomar. 1977 variety = het.
Malus sieversii var. linczevskii (Poljakov) Langenf. 1971 variety = het.
Malus sieversii var. longicarpa Bykov 1961 variety = het.
Malus sieversii f. longicarpa (Bykov) Langenf. 1991 form = het.
Malus sieversii f. media Bondarenko ex O.N.Korovina & N.M.Chernomorskya 1978 form = het.
Malus sieversii f. niedzwetzkyana (Dieck) Langenf. 1991 form = het.
Malus sieversii var. niedzwetzkyana (Dieck) Langenf. 1971 variety = het.
Malus sieversii f. ochrorubra Bondarenko ex O.N.Korovina & N.M.Chernomorskya 1978 form = het.
Malus sieversii var. pamiralaica Kudr. 1955 variety = het.
Malus sieversii f. pavlovii Bykov 1961 form = het.
Malus sieversii var. persicifolia (Popov) Ponomar. 1977 variety = het.
Malus sieversii f. poljakovii Bykov 1961 form = het.
Malus sieversii f. pomacea Bondarenko ex O.N.Korovina & N.M.Chernomorskya 1978 form = het.
Malus sieversii f. purpureofasciata Bondarenko ex O.N.Korovina & N.M.Chernomorskya 1978 form = het.
Malus sieversii f. reflexa Zaprjagaeva 1975 form = het.
Malus sieversii f. rubrifasciata Bondarenko ex O.N.Korovina & N.M.Chernomorskya 1978 form = het.
Malus sieversii f. rubrolateralis Bondarenko ex O.N.Korovina & N.M.Chernomorskya 1978 form = het.
Malus sieversii var. schischkinii (Poljakov) Ponomar. 1977 variety = het.
Malus sieversii f. schischkinii (Poljakov) Bykov 1961 form = het.
Malus sieversii var. spherocarpa Bykov 1961 variety = het.
Malus sieversii f. spherocarpa (Bykov) Langenf. 1991 form = het.
Malus sieversii f. suffusa Bondarenko ex O.N.Korovina & N.M.Chernomorskya 1978 form = het.
Malus sieversii var. tianschanica (Sumnev.) Ponomar. 1977 variety = het.
Malus sieversii f. viridicerea Bondarenko ex O.N.Korovina & N.M.Chernomorskya 1978 form = het.
Malus sieversii f. viridifasciata Bondarenko ex O.N.Korovina & N.M.Chernomorskya 1978 form = het.
Malus sieversii f. viridirubra Bondarenko ex O.N.Korovina & N.M.Chernomorskya 1978 form = het.
Malus sieversii f. viridis Bondarenko ex O.N.Korovina & N.M.Chernomorskya 1978 form = het.
Malus sieversii f. viridula Bondarenko ex O.N.Korovina & N.M.Chernomorskya 1978 form = het.
Malus sieversii var. vvedenskyi Kudr. 1955 variety = het.
Malus sieversii f. xanthella Bondarenko ex O.N.Korovina & N.M.Chernomorskya 1978 form = het.
Malus spumosa Poit. & Turpin 1846 species = het.
Malus sylvestris var. dasyphylla (Borkh.) Ponomar. 1992 variety = het.
Malus sylvestris var. domestica (Suckow) Mansf. 1959 variety ≡ hom.
Malus sylvestris var. frutescens Münchh. 1770 variety = het.
Malus sylvestris subsp. mitis (Wallr.) Mansf. 1940 subspecies = het.
Malus sylvestris var. niedzwetzkyana (Dieck) L.H.Bailey 1941 variety = het.
Malus sylvestris subsp. paradisiaca (L.) Soó 1963 subspecies = het.
Malus sylvestris var. paradisiaca (L.) L.H.Bailey 1941 variety = het.
Malus sylvestris subsp. praecox (Nyman) Soó 1963 subspecies = het.
Malus sylvestris var. praecox (Nyman) Ponomar. 1977 variety = het.
Malus sylvestris subsp. pumila (Mill.) Domin 1935 subspecies = het.
Malus sylvestris subsp. sieversii (Ledeb.) Soó 1963 subspecies = het.
Malus sylvestris var. tomentosa Holandre 1843 variety = het.
Malus sylvestris var. tomentosa W.D.J.Koch ex Schur 1866 variety = het. nom. illeg.
Malus tatarica K.Koch 1869 species = het.
Malus tianschanica Sumnev. 1955 species = het.
Malus tomentosa Dum.Cours. 1811 species = het.
Malus turbinoides A.Sav. 1883 species = het.
Malus umbellata Gilib. 1782 species = het. not validly publ.
Malus upsalensis Dippel 1893 species = het.
Malus violacea Poit. & Turpin 1835 species = het.
Malus violacea eyresii Poit. & Turpin 1835 = het.
Malus viridis A.Sav. 1883 species = het.
Pyrenia malus Clairv. 1811 species = het.
Pyrus apiosa Steud. 1821 species = het. not validly publ.
Pyrus armeniacifolia Dochnahl 1855 species = het. not validly publ.
Pyrus astracanica (Dum.Cours.) DC. 1825 species = het.
Pyrus cavillea Steud. 1821 species = het.
Pyrus cestiana Steud. 1821 species = het.
Pyrus chitralensis (Vassilcz.) M.F.Fay & Christenh. 2018 species = het.
Pyrus dioica Moench 1785 species = het. nom. rej.
Pyrus divisa Link 1822 species = het.
Pyrus epirotica Steud. 1821 species = het.
Pyrus eryostyla (Moris) Guss. 1832 species = het.
Pyrus fontanesia Poit. & Turpin 1835 species = het.
Pyrus fontanesiana (Spach) Steud. 1841 species = het.
Pyrus kirghisorum (Al.Fed. & Fed.) M.F.Fay & Christenh. 2018 species = het.
Pyrus malus L. 1753 species = het.
Pyrus malus var. abortiva Druce 1924 variety = het.
Pyrus malus var. amara Hartm. 1832 variety = het.
Pyrus malus monstr. apetala (Poit. & Turpin) Asch. & Graebn. 1906 monstrosity = het.
Pyrus malus var. apetala (Poit. & Turpin) L.H.Bailey 1917 variety = het.
Pyrus malus apetala Münchh. 1770 = het. not validly publ.
Pyrus malus var. appiana Plinius ex Schübl. & G.Martens 1834 variety = het.
Pyrus malus var. astracanica (Dum.Cours.) Loudon ex L.H.Bailey 1916 variety = het.
Pyrus malus lusus aucubifolia (J.R.Booth ex G.Kirchn.) Asch. & Graebn. 1906 sport = het.
Pyrus malus var. aucubifolia J.R.Booth ex G.Kirchn. 1864 variety = het.
Pyrus malus var. austera Wallr. 1822 variety = het.
Pyrus malus var. cavillea L. 1762 variety = het.
Pyrus malus var. cestiana L. 1753 variety = het.
Pyrus malus conica Dierb. 1827 = het.
Pyrus malus subsp. conocarpa Schübl. & G.Martens 1834 subspecies = het.
Pyrus malus costata Dierb. 1827 = het.
Pyrus malus subsp. costata (Dierb.) Schübl. & G.Martens 1834 subspecies = het.
Pyrus malus var. dasyphylla (Borkh.) Gremli 1878 variety = het.
Pyrus malus proles dasyphylla (Borkh.) Asch. & Graebn. 1906 proles = het.
Pyrus malus proles domestica (Suckow) Asch. & Graebn. 1906 proles ≡ hom.
Pyrus malus var. domestica Suckow 1786 variety ≡ hom.
Pyrus malus var. epirotica L. 1753 variety = het.
Pyrus malus var. eriostyla Moris 1828 variety = het.
Pyrus malus floribunda Tipping 1916 = het.
Pyrus malus var. frutescens (Münchh.) Borkh. 1790 variety = het.
Pyrus malus frutescens Münchh. 1770 = het.
Pyrus malus fruticosa Dierb. 1827 = het.
Pyrus malus var. hortensis Willk. 1874 variety = het.
Pyrus malus subsp. hortensis Cout. 1913 subspecies = het.
Pyrus malus hortensis Willk. 1874 = het.
Pyrus malus subsp. megamila Schübl. & G.Martens 1834 subspecies = het.
Pyrus malus var. minor K.Koch 1847 variety = het.
Pyrus malus subsp. mitis (Wallr.) Syme 1864 subspecies = het.
Pyrus malus var. mitis Wallr. 1822 variety = het.
Pyrus malus var. niedzwetzkyana (Dieck) Asch. & Graebn. 1906 variety = het.
Pyrus malus lusus nigra (Dippel) Asch. & Graebn. 1906 sport = het.
Pyrus malus oblongus N.Terracc. 1891 = het.
Pyrus malus subsp. paradisiaca (L.) Schübl. & G.Martens 1834 subspecies = het.
Pyrus malus proles paradisiaca (L.) Asch. & Graebn. 1906 proles = het.
Pyrus malus var. paradisiaca L. 1753 variety = het.
Pyrus malus pendula R.Möller 1884 = het.
Pyrus malus var. pendula (R.Möller) L.H.Bailey 1916 variety = het.
Pyrus malus lusus pendula (R.Möller) Asch. & Graebn. 1906 sport = het.
Pyrus malus plana Dierb. 1827 = het.
Pyrus malus f. plena Weston[2] 1770 form = het.
Pyrus malus var. plena L.H.Bailey 1916 variety = het.
Pyrus malus pleniflora Münchh. 1770 = het. not validly publ.
Pyrus malus subsp. praecox Nyman 1878 subspecies = het.
Pyrus malus var. prasomila L. 1753 variety = het.
Pyrus malus subsp. prasomila (L.) Schübl. & G.Martens 1834 subspecies = het.
Pyrus malus var. pumila (Mill.) A.Henry 1912 variety = het.
Pyrus malus subsp. pumila (Mill.) Asch. & Graebn. 1906 subspecies = het.
Pyrus malus regia Dierb. 1827 = het.
Pyrus malus rosea Dierb. 1827 = het.
Pyrus malus var. rossica Litv. 1917 variety = het.
Pyrus malus var. rubelliana L. 1753 variety = het.
Pyrus malus sargentii Anon. 1915 = het.
Pyrus malus var. sativa Weston 1770 variety = het. nom. nud.
Pyrus malus var. sativa Stokes 1812 variety = het. nom. illeg.
Pyrus malus var. sieversii (Ledeb.) Wenz. 1873 variety = het.
Pyrus malus var. strepens Schübl. & G.Martens 1834 variety = het.
Pyrus malus subsp. striata Schübl. & G.Martens 1834 subspecies = het.
Pyrus malus striatofasciata Dierb. 1827 = het.
Pyrus malus var. tomentosa Neilr. 1859 variety = het. nom. illeg.
Pyrus malus tomentosa Ledeb. 1843 = het.
Pyrus malus var. tomentosa W.D.J.Koch 1836 variety = het.
Pyrus malus transitoria Anon. 1922 = het.
Pyrus malus f. translucens Voss 1894 form = het.
Pyrus malus var. translucens Hartwig 1892 variety = het.
Pyrus malus lusus translucens (Hartwig) Asch. & Graebn. 1906 sport = het.
Pyrus malus var. ussuriensis Rupr. ex Koehne 1893 variety = het.
Pyrus malus var. wojejkowii Litv. 1917 variety = het.
Pyrus niedzwetzkyana (Dieck) Hemsl. 1904 species = het.
Pyrus paris M.F.Fay & Christenh. 2018 species = het.
Pyrus pollveria Lej. 1813 species = het. sensu auct.
Pyrus praecox Pall. 1784 species = het. nom. superfl., nom. rej.
Pyrus prasomila (L.) Steud. 1821 species = het.
Pyrus pulverulenta K.Koch 1869 species = het.
Pyrus pumila (Mill.) Steud. 1821 species = het.
Pyrus pumila var. domestica (Suckow) Asch. & Graebn. 1906 variety ≡ hom.
Pyrus rubelliana Steud. 1821 species = het.
Pyrus saxatilis Schltdl. ex Ledeb. 1843 species = het.
Pyrus sieversii Bunge 1830 species = het.
Pyrus songarica Fisch. ex Juz. 1939 species = het.
Pyrus sylvestris var. sativa Gray 1822 variety = het.
Pyrus tomentosa (Dum.Cours.) DC. 1825 species = het.
Sorbus malus (L.) Crantz 1763 species = het.
Notes: ≡ homotypic synonym ; = heterotypic synonym
  1. ^ a b Koehne, Emil (1893). Deutsche Dendrologie : kurze beschreibung der in deutschland im freien aushaltenden Nadel- und Laubholzgewächse zur schnellen und sicheren Bestimmung der Gattungen, der Arten und einiger wichtigeren Abarten und Formen (in German). Stuttgart, German Empire: Ferdinand Enke. p. 259. Retrieved 13 August 2024.
  2. ^ Weston, Richard (1770). Botanicus Universalis et Hortulanus [The Universal Botanist and Gardener] (in Latin and English). Vol. 1. London: John Bell. p. 230. OCLC 1240329000. OL 26846560M. Retrieved 26 September 2024.