Shōjo Sekai (少女世界) was one of the first shōjo magazines in Japan. It was published by Hakubunkan beginning in 1906 and was initially edited by renowned children’s author Sueo Iwaya (巌谷 孝雄), better known by the pen name Sazanami Iwaya (巌谷 小波). Shōjo Sekai was created as a sister magazine to Shōnen Sekai (少年世界, lit. The Youth's World), which was also edited by Iwaya, and which began publication in 1895.
According to Kiyoko Nagai, for the first ten years of its publication it was the best-selling shōjo magazine of the time, with peak circulations somewhere between 150,000 to 200,000 copies per issue. The final issue of Shōjo Sekai was the December 1931 issue.