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User:Nrco0e/Notes/Irregular moons/Moons of Jupiter

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Orbital diagram of the orbital inclination and orbital distances for Jupiter's rings and moon system at various scales. Notable moons, moon groups, and rings are individually labeled. Each illustration is ten times more zoomed in than the next. Open the image for full resolution.

The moons of Jupiter are listed below by orbital period. Moons massive enough for their surfaces to have collapsed into a spheroid are highlighted in bold. These are the four Galilean moons, which are comparable in size to the Moon. The other moons are much smaller, with the least massive Galilean moon being more than 7,000 times more massive than the most massive of the other moons. The irregular captured moons are shaded light gray and orange when prograde and yellow, red, and dark gray when retrograde. The orbits and mean distances of the irregular moons are strongly variable over short timescales due to frequent planetary and solar perturbations,[1] therefore the orbital elements of all irregular moons shown here are averaged over a 400-year numerical integration.[2] Their proper orbital elements are all based on the epoch of 1 January 2000.[2] A number of other moons have only been observed for a year or two, but have decent enough orbits to be easily measurable at present.[1]

Key
 
Inner moons 		♠
Galilean moons 		†
Ungrouped moons 		♣
Himalia group 		§
Carpo group 		♦
Ananke group 		♥
Carme group 		‡
Pasiphae group
Label
[note 1] 		Name
 Pronunciation Image Abs.
magn.[3] 		Diameter (km)[4][note 2] Mass
(×1016 kg)[5][note 3] 		Semi-major axis
(km)[2] 		Orbital period (d)
[2][note 4] 		Inclination
(°)[2] 		Eccentricity
[4] 		Discovery
year[6] 		Year announced Discoverer[7][6] Group
[note 5]
XVI Metis /ˈmiːtəs/
 
 10.5 43
(60 × 40 × 34)		 ≈ 3.6 128000 +0.2948
(+7h 04m 29s)		 0.060 0.0002 1979 1980 Synnott
(Voyager 1)		 Inner
XV Adrastea /ædrəˈstiːə/
 
 12.0 16.4
(20 × 16 × 14)		 ≈ 0.20 129000 +0.2983
(+7h 09m 30s)		 0.030 0.0015 1979 1979 Jewitt
(Voyager 2)		 Inner
V Amalthea /æməlˈθiːə/[8]
 
 7.1 167
(250 × 146 × 128)		 208 181400 +0.4999
(+11h 59m 53s)		 0.374 0.0032 1892 1892 Barnard Inner
XIV Thebe /ˈθiːbiː/
 
 9.0 98.6
(116 × 98 × 84)		 ≈ 43 221900 +0.6761
(+16h 13m 35s)		 1.076 0.0175 1979 1980 Synnott
(Voyager 1)		 Inner
I Io♠ /ˈaɪoʊ/
 
 –1.7 3643.2
(3660 × 3637 × 3631)		 8931900 421800 +1.7627 0.050[9] 0.0041 1610 1610 Galileo Galilean
II Europa♠ /jʊəˈroʊpə/[10]
 
 –1.4 3121.6 4799800 671100 +3.5255 0.470[9] 0.0090 1610 1610 Galileo Galilean
III Ganymede♠ /ˈɡænəmiːd/[11][12]
 
 –2.1 5268.2 14819000 1070400 +7.1556 0.200[9] 0.0013 1610 1610 Galileo Galilean
IV Callisto♠ /kəˈlɪstoʊ/
 
 –1.2 4820.6 10759000 1882700 +16.690 0.192[9] 0.0074 1610 1610 Galileo Galilean
XVIII Themisto† /θəˈmɪstoʊ/
 
 13.3 ≈ 9 ≈ 0.038 7398500 +130.03 43.8 0.340 1975/2000 1975 Kowal & Roemer/
Sheppard et al.		 Themisto
XIII Leda♣ /ˈliːdə/
 
 12.7 21.5 ≈ 0.52 11146400 +240.93 28.6 0.162 1974 1974 Kowal Himalia
LXXI Ersa♣ /ˈɜːrsə/
 
 16.0 ≈ 3 ≈ 0.0014 11401000 +249.23 29.1 0.116 2018 2018 Sheppard Himalia
  S/2018 J 2♣ 16.5 ≈ 3 ≈ 0.0014 11420400 28.7 0.154 2018 2022 Sheppard Himalia
VI Himalia♣ /hɪˈmeɪliə/
 
 8.0 139.6
(150 × 120)		 420 11440600 +250.56 28.1 0.160 1904 1905 Perrine Himalia
LXV Pandia♣ /pænˈdaɪə/
 
 16.2 ≈ 3 ≈ 0.0014 11481000 +251.91 29.0 0.179 2017 2018 Sheppard Himalia
X Lysithea♣ /laɪˈsɪθiə/
 
 11.2 42.2 ≈ 3.9 11700800 +259.20 27.2 0.117 1938 1938 Nicholson Himalia
  S/2011 J 3♣ 16.3 ≈ 3 ≈ 0.0014 11708300 27.9 0.176 2011 2022 Sheppard Himalia
VII Elara♣ /ˈɛlərə/
 
 9.7 79.9 ≈ 27 11712300 +259.64 27.9 0.211 1905 1905 Perrine Himalia
LIII Dia♣ /ˈdaɪə/
 
 16.1 ≈ 4 ≈ 0.0034 12260300 +278.21 29.0 0.232 2000 2001 Sheppard et al. Himalia
  S/2018 J 4§ 16.7 ≈ 2 ≈ 0.00042 16347800 49.8 0.209 2018 2023 Sheppard Carpo
XLVI Carpo§ /ˈkɑːrpoʊ/
 
 16.2 ≈ 3 ≈ 0.0014 17042300 +456.29 53.2 0.416 2003 2003 Sheppard Carpo
LXII Valetudo† /væləˈtjuːdoʊ/
 
 17.0 ≈ 1 ≈ 0.000052 18694200 +527.61 34.5 0.217 2016 2018 Sheppard Valetudo
XXXIV Euporie♦ /ˈjuːpəriː/
 
 16.3 ≈ 2 ≈ 0.00042 19265800 −550.69 145.7 0.148 2001 2002 Sheppard et al. Ananke
LV S/2003 J 18♦
 
 16.4 ≈ 2 ≈ 0.00042 20336300 −598.12 145.3 0.090 2003 2003 Gladman Ananke
LX Eupheme♦ /juːˈfiːmiː/
 
 16.6 ≈ 2 ≈ 0.00042 20768600 −617.73 148.0 0.241 2003 2003 Sheppard Ananke (core)
  S/2021 J 3♦ 17.2 ≈ 2 ≈ 0.00042 20782500 147.8 0.234 2021 2023 Sheppard Ananke (core)
LII S/2010 J 2♦
 
 17.4 ≈ 1 ≈ 0.000052 20793000 −618.84 148.1 0.248 2010 2011 Veillet Ananke (core)
LIV S/2016 J 1♦
 
 17.0 ≈ 1 ≈ 0.000052 20802600 −618.49 144.7 0.232 2016 2017 Sheppard Ananke
XL Mneme♦ /ˈniːmiː/
 
 16.3 ≈ 2 ≈ 0.00042 20821000 −620.07 148.0 0.247 2003 2003 Sheppard & Gladman Ananke (core)
XXXIII Euanthe♦ /juːˈænθiː/
 
 16.4 ≈ 3 ≈ 0.0014 20827000 −620.44 148.0 0.239 2001 2002 Sheppard et al. Ananke (core)
  S/2003 J 16♦
 
 16.3 ≈ 2 ≈ 0.00042 20882600 −622.88 148.0 0.243 2003 2003 Gladman Ananke (core)
XXII Harpalyke♦ /hɑːrˈpæləkiː/
 
 15.9 ≈ 4 ≈ 0.0034 20892100 −623.32 147.7 0.232 2000 2001 Sheppard et al. Ananke (core)
XXXV Orthosie♦ /ɔːrˈθoʊziː/
 
 16.6 ≈ 2 ≈ 0.00042 20901000 −622.59 144.3 0.299 2001 2002 Sheppard et al. Ananke
XLV Helike♦ /ˈhɛləkiː/
 
 16.0 ≈ 4 ≈ 0.0034 20915700 −626.33 154.4 0.153 2003 2003 Sheppard Ananke
XXVII Praxidike♦ /prækˈsɪdəkiː/
 
 14.9 7 ≈ 0.018 20935400 −625.39 148.3 0.246 2000 2001 Sheppard et al. Ananke (core)
LXIV S/2017 J 3♦
 
 16.5 ≈ 2 ≈ 0.00042 20941000 −625.60 147.9 0.231 2017 2018 Sheppard Ananke (core)
  S/2003 J 12♦
 
 17.0 ≈ 1 ≈ 0.000052 20963100 −627.24 150.0 0.235 2003 2003 Sheppard Ananke (Hermippe)
LXVIII S/2017 J 7♦ 16.6 ≈ 2 ≈ 0.00042 20964800 −626.56 147.3 0.233 2017 2018 Sheppard Ananke (core)
  S/2021 J 2♦ 17.3 ≈ 1 ≈ 0.000052 20975200 147.7 0.231 2021 2023 Sheppard Ananke (core)
XLII Thelxinoe♦ /θɛlkˈsɪnoʊiː/ 16.3 ≈ 2 ≈ 0.00042 20976000 −628.03 150.6 0.228 2003 2004 Sheppard & Gladman et al. Ananke (Hermippe)
XXIX Thyone♦ /θaɪˈoʊniː/
 
 15.8 ≈ 4 ≈ 0.0034 20978000 −627.18 147.5 0.233 2001 2002 Sheppard et al. Ananke (core)
  S/2021 J 1♦ 17.3 ≈ 2 ≈ 0.00042 20992900 151.2 0.234 2021 2023 Sheppard Ananke (Hermippe)
  S/2003 J 2♦
 
 16.7 ≈ 2 ≈ 0.00042 20997700 −628.79 150.2 0.225 2003 2003 Sheppard Ananke (Hermippe)
XII Ananke♦ /əˈnæŋkiː/
 
 11.7 29.1 ≈ 1.3 21034500 −629.79 147.6 0.237 1951 1951 Nicholson Ananke (core)
XXIV Iocaste♦ /aɪəˈkæstiː/
 
 15.5 ≈ 5 ≈ 0.0065 21066700 −631.59 148.8 0.227 2000 2001 Sheppard et al. Ananke
XXX Hermippe♦ /hərˈmɪpiː/
 
 15.5 ≈ 4 ≈ 0.0034 21108500 −633.90 150.2 0.219 2001 2002 Sheppard et al. Ananke (Hermippe)
LXX S/2017 J 9♦ 16.2 ≈ 3 ≈ 0.0014 21768700 −666.11 155.5 0.200 2017 2018 Sheppard Ananke
LVIII Philophrosyne‡ /fɪləˈfrɒzəniː/ 16.7 ≈ 2 ≈ 0.00042 22604600 −702.54 146.3 0.229 2003 2003 Sheppard Pasiphae
  S/2016 J 3♥ 16.7 ≈ 2 ≈ 0.00042 22750900 164.7 0.254 2016 2023 Sheppard Carme
XXXVIII Pasithee♥ /ˈpæsəθiː/
 
 16.8 ≈ 2 ≈ 0.00042 22846700 −719.47 164.6 0.270 2001 2002 Sheppard et al. Carme
LXIX S/2017 J 8♥
 
 17.1 ≈ 1 ≈ 0.000052 22849500 −719.76 164.8 0.255 2017 2018 Sheppard Carme
  S/2021 J 6♥ 17.3 ≈ 1 ≈ 0.000052 22867600 165.0 0.276 2021 2023 Sheppard Carme
  S/2003 J 24♥ 16.6 ≈ 2 ≈ 0.00042 22887400 −721.60 164.5 0.259 2003 2021 Sheppard et al. Carme
XXXII Eurydome‡ /jʊəˈrɪdəmiː/
 
 16.2 ≈ 3 ≈ 0.0014 22899000 −717.31 149.1 0.294 2001 2002 Sheppard et al. Pasiphae
LVI S/2011 J 2‡ 16.8 ≈ 1 ≈ 0.000052 22909200 −718.32 151.9 0.355 2011 2012 Sheppard Pasiphae
  S/2003 J 4‡
 
 16.7 ≈ 2 ≈ 0.00042 22926500 −718.10 148.2 0.328 2003 2003 Sheppard Pasiphae
XXI Chaldene♥ /kælˈdiːniː/
 
 16.0 ≈ 4 ≈ 0.0034 22930500 −723.71 164.7 0.265 2000 2001 Sheppard et al. Carme
LXIII S/2017 J 2♥
 
 16.4 ≈ 2 ≈ 0.00042 22953200 −724.71 164.5 0.272 2017 2018 Sheppard Carme
XXVI Isonoe♥ /aɪˈsɒnoʊiː/
 
 16.0 ≈ 4 ≈ 0.0034 22981300 −726.27 164.8 0.249 2000 2001 Sheppard et al. Carme
XLIV Kallichore♥ /kəˈlɪkəriː/ 16.3 ≈ 2 ≈ 0.00042 23021800 −728.26 164.8 0.252 2003 2003 Sheppard Carme
XXV Erinome♥ /ɛˈrɪnəmiː/
 
 16.0 ≈ 3 ≈ 0.0014 23032900 −728.48 164.4 0.276 2000 2001 Sheppard et al. Carme
  S/2021 J 4♥ 17.4 ≈ 1 ≈ 0.000052 23042900 164.7 0.269 2021 2023 Sheppard Carme
XXXVII Kale♥ /ˈkeɪliː/
 
 16.3 ≈ 2 ≈ 0.00042 23052600 −729.64 164.6 0.262 2001 2002 Sheppard et al. Carme
LVII Eirene♥ /aɪˈriːniː/ 15.8 ≈ 4 ≈ 0.0034 23055800 −729.84 164.6 0.258 2003 2003 Sheppard Carme
XXXI Aitne♥ /ˈeɪtniː/
 
 16.0 ≈ 3 ≈ 0.0014 23064400 −730.10 164.6 0.277 2001 2002 Sheppard et al. Carme
XLVII Eukelade♥ /juːˈkɛlədiː/
 
 16.0 ≈ 4 ≈ 0.0034 23067400 −730.30 164.6 0.277 2003 2003 Sheppard Carme
XLIII Arche♥ /ˈɑːrkiː/
 
 16.2 ≈ 3 ≈ 0.0014 23097800 −731.88 164.6 0.261 2002 2002 Sheppard Carme
XX Taygete♥ /teɪˈɪdʒətiː/
 
 15.6 ≈ 5 ≈ 0.0065 23108000 −732.45 164.7 0.253 2000 2001 Sheppard et al. Carme
  S/2016 J 4‡ 17.3 ≈ 1 ≈ 0.000052 23109400 146.9 0.288 2016 2023 Sheppard Pasiphae
LXXII S/2011 J 1♥ 16.7 ≈ 2 ≈ 0.00042 23124500 −733.21 164.6 0.271 2011 2012 Sheppard Carme
XI Carme♥ /ˈkɑːrmiː/
 
 10.6 46.7 ≈ 5.3 23144400 −734.19 164.6 0.256 1938 1938 Nicholson Carme
L Herse♥ /ˈhɜːrsiː/ 16.5 ≈ 2 ≈ 0.00042 23150500 −734.52 164.4 0.262 2003 2003 Gladman et al. Carme
LXI S/2003 J 19♥ 16.6 ≈ 2 ≈ 0.00042 23156400 −734.78 164.7 0.265 2003 2003 Gladman Carme
LI S/2010 J 1♥
 
 16.5 ≈ 2 ≈ 0.00042 23189800 −736.51 164.5 0.252 2010 2011 Jacobson et al. Carme
  S/2003 J 9♥
 
 16.9 ≈ 1 ≈ 0.000052 23199400 −736.86 164.8 0.263 2003 2003 Sheppard Carme
LXVI S/2017 J 5♥ 16.5 ≈ 2 ≈ 0.00042 23206200 −737.28 164.8 0.257 2017 2018 Sheppard Carme
LXVII S/2017 J 6‡ 16.6 ≈ 2 ≈ 0.00042 23245300 −733.99 149.7 0.336 2017 2018 Sheppard Pasiphae
XXIII Kalyke♥ /ˈkæləkiː/
 
 15.4 6.9 ≈ 0.017 23302600 −742.02 164.8 0.260 2000 2001 Sheppard et al. Carme
XXXIX Hegemone‡ /həˈdʒɛməniː/ 15.9 ≈ 3 ≈ 0.0014 23348700 −739.81 152.6 0.358 2003 2003 Sheppard Pasiphae
  S/2018 J 3♥ 17.3 ≈ 1 ≈ 0.000052 23352200 165.2 0.272 2021 2023 Sheppard Carme
  S/2021 J 5♥ 16.8 ≈ 2 ≈ 0.00042 23441500 164.9 0.269 2021 2023 Sheppard Carme
  S/2003 J 10♥
 
 16.9 ≈ 2 ≈ 0.00042 23446200 164.4 0.254 2003 2003 Sheppard Carme
VIII Pasiphae‡ /pəˈsɪfeɪiː/
 
 10.1 57.8 ≈ 10 23468200 −743.61 148.4 0.412 1908 1908 Melotte Pasiphae
XXXVI Sponde‡ /ˈspɒndiː/
 
 16.7 ≈ 2 ≈ 0.00042 23543300 −748.29 149.3 0.322 2001 2002 Sheppard et al. Pasiphae
XIX Megaclite‡ /ˌmɛɡəˈklaɪtiː/
 
 15.0 ≈ 5 ≈ 0.0065 23644600 −752.86 149.8 0.421 2000 2001 Sheppard et al. Pasiphae
XLVIII Cyllene‡ /səˈliːniː/ 16.3 ≈ 2 ≈ 0.00042 23654700 −751.97 146.8 0.419 2003 2003 Sheppard Pasiphae
IX Sinope‡ /səˈnoʊpiː/
 
 11.1 35 ≈ 2.2 23683900 −758.85 157.3 0.264 1914 1914 Nicholson Pasiphae
LIX S/2017 J 1‡
 
 16.8 ≈ 2 ≈ 0.00042 23744800 −756.41 145.8 0.328 2017 2017 Sheppard Pasiphae
XLI Aoede‡ /eɪˈiːdiː/ 15.6 ≈ 4 ≈ 0.0034 23778200 −761.46 155.7 0.436 2003 2003 Sheppard Pasiphae
XXVIII Autonoe‡ /ɔːˈtɒnoʊiː/
 
 15.5 ≈ 4 ≈ 0.0034 23792500 −761.00 150.8 0.330 2001 2002 Sheppard et al. Pasiphae
XVII Callirrhoe‡ /kəˈlɪroʊiː/
 
 14.0 9.6 ≈ 0.046 23795500 −758.86 145.1 0.297 1999 2000 Scotti et al. Pasiphae
  S/2003 J 23‡
 
 16.6 ≈ 2 ≈ 0.00042 23829300 −760.00 144.7 0.313 2003 2004 Sheppard Pasiphae
XLIX Kore‡ /ˈkɔːriː/
 
 16.6 ≈ 2 ≈ 0.00042 24205200 −776.76 141.5 0.328 2003 2003 Sheppard Pasiphae
  1. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Jacobson2017 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b c d e Cite error: The named reference jplsats was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference MPC-NatSats was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference SheppardMoons was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ "Planetary Satellite Physical Parameters". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
  6. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference jplsats-disc was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference Gazetteer was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ "Amalthea". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster.
  9. ^ a b c d Siedelmann P.K.; Abalakin V.K.; Bursa, M.; Davies, M.E.; et al. (2000). The Planets and Satellites 2000 (Report). IAU/IAG Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements of the Planets and Satellites. Archived from the original on 12 May 2020. Retrieved 31 August 2008.
  10. ^ "Europa - definition of Europa in English from the Oxford dictionary". OxfordDictionaries.com. Archived from the original on 21 July 2012. Retrieved 20 January 2016.
  11. ^ "Ganymede - definition of Ganymede in English from the Oxford dictionary". OxfordDictionaries.com. Archived from the original on 14 March 2013. Retrieved 20 January 2016.
  12. ^ "Ganymede". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster.


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