This is a list of scientists who have made statements that conflict with the scientific consensus on global warming as summarized by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and endorsed by other scientific bodies. A minority are climatologists. Nearly all publishing climate scientists (97-98%[1]) support the consensus on anthropogenic climate change,[3][4] hence this list represents a minority viewpoint.
The scientific consensus is that the global average surface temperature has risen over the last century. Scientific opinion on climate change was summarized in the 2007 Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The main conclusions on global warming at that time were as follows:
- The global average surface temperature has risen 0.74 ± 0.18 °C from 1906 to 2005.[5]
- Most of the global warming since the mid-20th century is very likely due to human activities.[6]
- The average surface temperature warming for a doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), is likely to lie in the range 2°C to 4.5°C, with a most likely value of about 3°C.[7]
These findings are recognized by the national science academies of all the major industrialized nations;[8] the consensus has strengthened over time[9] and is now virtually unanimous.[10] The level of consensus correlates with expertise in climate science.[11]
There have been several efforts to compile lists of dissenting scientists, including a 2008 US senate minority report,[12] the Oregon Petition,[13] and a 2007 list by the Heartland Institute,[14] all three of which have been criticized on a number of grounds.[15][16][17]
For the purpose of this list, a "scientist" is defined as an individual who has published at least one peer-reviewed research article in the broad field of natural sciences, although not necessarily in a field relevant to climatology. Since the publication of the IPCC Third Assessment Report, each has made a clear statement in his or her own words (as opposed to the name being found on a petition, etc.) disagreeing with one or more of the report's three main conclusions, and each has been described in reliable sources as a climate skeptic, denier, or in disagreement with any of the three main conclusions. Their views on climate change are usually described in more detail in their biographical articles. Few of the statements in the references for this list are part of the peer-reviewed scientific literature; most are from other sources such as interviews, opinion pieces, online essays and presentations.
Nota bene: Only individuals who have their own Wikipedia article may be included in the list.
Scientists questioning the accuracy of IPCC climate projections
editThese scientists have said that it is not possible to project global climate accurately enough to justify the ranges projected for temperature and sea-level rise over the 21st century. They may not conclude specifically that the current IPCC projections are either too high or too low, but that the projections are likely to be inaccurate due to inadequacies of current global climate modeling.
- David Bellamy, botanist.[18][19][20][21]
- Lennart Bengtsson, meteorologist, Reading University.[22][23]
- Judith Curry, Professor and former chair of the School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences at the Georgia Institute of Technology.[24][25][26][27]
- Freeman Dyson, professor emeritus of the School of Natural Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study; Fellow of the Royal Society.[28][29]
- Ivar Giaever, Norwegian–American physicist and Nobel laureate in physics (1973).[30]
- Steven E. Koonin, theoretical physicist and director of the Center for Urban Science and Progress at New York University.[31][32]
- Richard Lindzen, Alfred P. Sloan emeritus professor of atmospheric science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and member of the National Academy of Sciences.[29][33][34][35]
- Craig Loehle, ecologist and chief scientist at the National Council for Air and Stream Improvement.[36][37][38][39][40][41][42]
- Ross McKitrick, Professor of Economics and CBE Chair in Sustainable Commerce, University of Guelph.[43][44]
- Patrick Moore, former president of Greenpeace Canada.[45][46][47]
- Nils-Axel Mörner, retired head of the Paleogeophysics and Geodynamics Department at Stockholm University, former chairman of the INQUA Commission on Sea Level Changes and Coastal Evolution (1999–2003).[48][49]
- Garth Paltridge, retired chief research scientist, CSIRO Division of Atmospheric Research and retired director of the Institute of the Antarctic Cooperative Research Centre, visiting fellow Australian National University.[50][51]
- Roger A. Pielke, Jr., professor of environmental studies at the Center for Science and Technology Policy Research at the University of Colorado at Boulder.[52][53]
- Denis Rancourt, former professor of physics at University of Ottawa, research scientist in condensed matter physics, and in environmental and soil science.[54][55][56][57]
- Harrison Schmitt, geologist, Apollo 17 Astronaut, former U.S. Senator.[58][59]
- Peter Stilbs, professor of physical chemistry at Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm.[60][61]
- Philip Stott, professor emeritus of biogeography at the University of London.[62][63]
- Hendrik Tennekes, retired director of research, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute.[64][65]
- Anastasios Tsonis, distinguished professor of atmospheric science at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee.[66][67]
- Fritz Vahrenholt, German politician and energy executive with a doctorate in chemistry.[68][69]
Scientists arguing that global warming is primarily caused by natural processes
edit
These scientists have said that the observed warming is more likely to be attributable to natural causes than to human activities. Their views on climate change are usually described in more detail in their biographical articles.
- Khabibullo Abdusamatov, astrophysicist at Pulkovo Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences.[71][72]
- Sallie Baliunas, retired astrophysicist, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.[73][74][75]
- Timothy Ball, historical climatologist, and retired professor of geography at the University of Winnipeg.[76][77][78]
- Ian Clark, hydrogeologist, professor, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Ottawa.[79][80]
- Vincent Courtillot, geophysicist, member of the French Academy of Sciences.[81][82]
- Chris de Freitas, associate professor, School of Geography, Geology and Environmental Science, University of Auckland.[83][84]
- David Douglass, solid-state physicist, professor, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester.[85][86]
- Don Easterbrook, emeritus professor of geology, Western Washington University.[87][88]
- William Happer, physicist specializing in optics and spectroscopy; emeritus professor, Princeton University.[29][89]
- Ole Humlum, professor of geology at the University of Oslo.[90][91]
- Wibjörn Karlén, professor emeritus of geography and geology at the University of Stockholm.[92][93]
- William Kininmonth, meteorologist, former Australian delegate to World Meteorological Organization Commission for Climatology.[94][95]
- David Legates, associate professor of geography and director of the Center for Climatic Research, University of Delaware.[96][97]
- Anthony Lupo, professor of atmospheric science at the University of Missouri.[98][99]
- Tim Patterson, paleoclimatologist and professor of geology at Carleton University in Canada.[100][101]
- Ian Plimer, professor emeritus of mining geology, the University of Adelaide.[102][103]
- Arthur B. Robinson, American politician, biochemist and former faculty member at the University of California, San Diego.[104][105]
- Murry Salby, atmospheric scientist, former professor at Macquarie University and University of Colorado.[106][107]
- Nicola Scafetta, research scientist in the physics department at Duke University.[108][109][110]
- Tom Segalstad, geologist; associate professor at University of Oslo.[111][112]
- Nir Shaviv, professor of physics focusing on astrophysics and climate science at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.[113][114]
- Fred Singer, professor emeritus of environmental sciences at the University of Virginia.[115][116][117][118]
- Willie Soon, astrophysicist, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.[119][120]
- Roy Spencer, meteorologist; principal research scientist, University of Alabama in Huntsville.[121][122]
- Henrik Svensmark, physicist, Danish National Space Center.[123][124]
- George H. Taylor, retired director of the Oregon Climate Service at Oregon State University.[125][126]
Scientists arguing that the cause of global warming is unknown
editThese scientists have said that no principal cause can be ascribed to the observed rising temperatures, whether man-made or natural.
- Syun-Ichi Akasofu, retired professor of geophysics and founding director of the International Arctic Research Center of the University of Alaska Fairbanks.[127][128]
- Claude Allègre, French politician; geochemist, emeritus professor at Institute of Geophysics (Paris).[129][130]
- Robert Balling, a professor of geography at Arizona State University.[131][132]
- Pål Brekke, solar astrophycisist, senior advisor Norwegian Space Centre.[133][134]
- John Christy, professor of atmospheric science and director of the Earth System Science Center at the University of Alabama in Huntsville, contributor to several IPCC reports.[135][136][137]
- Petr Chylek, space and remote sensing sciences researcher, Los Alamos National Laboratory.[138][139]
- David Deming, geology professor at the University of Oklahoma.[140][141]
- Stanley B. Goldenberg a meteorologist with NOAA/AOML's Hurricane Research Division.[142][143]
- Vincent R. Gray, New Zealand physical chemist with expertise in coal ashes.[144][145]
- Keith E. Idso, botanist, former adjunct professor of biology at Maricopa County Community College District and the vice president of the Center for the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global Change.[146][147]
- Kary Mullis, 1993 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry, inventor of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method.[148][149][150]
- Antonino Zichichi, emeritus professor of nuclear physics at the University of Bologna and president of the World Federation of Scientists.[151][152]
Scientists arguing that global warming will have few negative consequences
editThese scientists have said that projected rising temperatures will be of little impact or a net positive for society or the environment.
- Indur M. Goklany, science and technology policy analyst for the United States Department of the Interior.[153][154][155]
- Craig D. Idso, faculty researcher, Office of Climatology, Arizona State University and founder of the Center for the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global Change.[156][157]
- Sherwood B. Idso, former research physicist, USDA Water Conservation Laboratory, and adjunct professor, Arizona State University.[158][159][160]
- Patrick Michaels, senior fellow at the Cato Institute and retired research professor of environmental science at the University of Virginia.[161][162]
Deceased scientists
editThese scientists have published material indicating their opposition to the mainstream scientific assessment of global warming prior to their deaths.
- August H. "Augie" Auer Jr. (1940–2007), retired New Zealand MetService meteorologist and past professor of atmospheric science at the University of Wyoming.[163][164]
- Reid Bryson (1920–2008), emeritus professor of atmospheric and oceanic sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison.[165][166]
- Robert M. Carter (1942–2016), former head of the School of Earth Sciences at James Cook University.[167][168]
- William M. Gray (1929–2016), professor emeritus and head of the Tropical Meteorology Project, Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University.[169][170]
- Yuri Izrael (1930-2014), former Chairman, Committee for Hydrometeorology (USSR); former Director, Institute of Global Climate and Ecology (Russian Academy of Science); Vice-Chairman of IPCC, 2001-2007.[171][172][173]
- Robert Jastrow (1925–2008), American astronomer, physicist, cosmologist and leading NASA scientist who, together with Fred Seitz and William Nierenberg, established the George C. Marshall Institute.[174][175][176]
- Harold ("Hal") Warren Lewis (1923–2011), emeritus professor of physics and former department chairman at the University of California, Santa Barbara.[177][178]
- Frederick Seitz (1911–2008), solid-state physicist, former president of the National Academy of Sciences and co-founder of the George C. Marshall Institute in 1984.[179][180][181]
See also
edit
Notes
edit- ^ In its 2007 assessment report, IPCC projected likely temperature rise for various hypothetical levels of future greenhouse gas emissions, known as "emissions scenarios". They reported that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 1.1 to 2.9 °C (2.0 to 5.2 °F) for the lowest emissions scenario used in the report, and 2.4 to 6.4 °C (4.3 to 11.5 °F) for the highest.[182]
- ^ The compilation criteria for including scientists in the list is that they are relevant enough to have their own Wikipedia article, according to Wikipedia's notability guidelines.
References
edit- ^ a b c Anderegg, William R L; Prall, James W.; Harold, Jacob; Schneider, Stephen H. (2010). "Expert credibility in climate change". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 107 (27): 12107–9. Bibcode:2010PNAS..10712107A. doi:10.1073/pnas.1003187107. PMC 2901439. PMID 20566872.
(i) 97–98% of the climate researchers most actively publishing in the field support the tenets of ACC (Anthropogenic Climate Change) outlined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, and (ii) the relative climate expertise and scientific prominence of the researchers unconvinced of ACC are substantially below that of the convinced researchers.
- ^ Doran, Peter T.; Zimmerman, Maggie Kendall (January 20, 2009). "Examining the Scientific Consensus on Climate Change" (PDF). EOS. 90 (3): 22–23. Bibcode:2009EOSTr..90...22D. doi:10.1029/2009EO030002. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 6, 2015.
- ^ Doran, Peter; Zimmerman, Maggie (January 20, 2009). "Examining the Scientific Consensus on Climate Change". Eos. 90 (3): 22–23. Bibcode:2009EOSTr..90...22D. doi:10.1029/2009EO030002.
- ^ John Cook; et al. (April 2016). "Consensus on consensus: a synthesis of consensus estimates on human-caused global warming". Environmental Research Letters. 11 (4): 048002. Bibcode:2016ERL....11d8002C. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/11/4/048002.
{{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in:|author=(help) - ^ [1] Working Group I: The Scientific Basis – IPCC
- ^ "Summary for Policymakers", 2. Causes of change, in IPCC AR4 SYR 2007
- ^ Climate Change 2007: Working Group I: The Physical Science Basis
- ^ "Joint Science Academies' Statement" (PDF). Retrieved August 9, 2010.
- ^ Reusswig, Fritz (August 21, 2013). "History and future of the scientific consensus on anthropogenic global warming". Environmental Research Letters. 8 (3): 031003. Bibcode:2013ERL.....8c1003R. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/031003. Retrieved March 3, 2017.
Both methods—abstract analysis and self-rating of authors—additionally demonstrate that scientific consensus on anthropogenic global warming (AGW) has been growing in the covered period (1991–2011).
- ^ Powell, James L (March 2016). "Climate Scientists Virtually Unanimous Anthropogenic Global Warming Is True". Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society. 35 (5–6): 121–124. doi:10.1177/0270467616634958.
- ^ Cook, John (April 2016). "Consensus on consensus: a synthesis of consensus estimates on human-caused global warming". Environmental Research Letters. 11 (4): 048002. Bibcode:2016ERL....11d8002C. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/11/4/048002.
- ^ Morano, Marc (December 11, 2008). "U. S. Senate Minority Report: More Than 700 International Scientists Dissent Over Man-Made Global Warming Claims". Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works. Retrieved September 1, 2013.
- ^ "Global Warming Petition Project". Retrieved March 2, 2014.
- ^ 500 Scientists Whose Research Contradicts Man-Made Global Warming Scares, by Dennis T. Avery. From the Heartland Institute website; published September 14, 2007, accessed June 20, 2008.
- ^ Kaufman, Leslie (April 9, 2009). "Dissenter on Warming Expands His Campaign". New York Times.
- ^ McKnight, David (August 2, 2008). "The climate change smokescreen". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved December 28, 2009.
- ^ Grandia, Kevin (July 22, 2009). "The 30,000 Global Warming Petition Is Easily-Debunked Propaganda". Huffington Post. Retrieved March 2, 2014.
- ^ Global Warming? What a load of poppycock! by David Bellamy, Daily Mail 9 July 2004.
- ^ https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg18624950.100-glaciers-are-cool.html
- ^ Monbiot, George (May 10, 2005), Junk Science, London: Guardian.co.uk, retrieved November 7, 2008
- ^ Bellamy, David (May 29, 2005), In an Adverse Climate, London: Times Online, retrieved November 7, 2008
- ^ Wills Robinson (15 May 2014).Climate change scientist claims he has been forced from new job. Daily Mail.
- ^ Axel Bojanowski (May 12, 2014). Climate Change Debate: A Famous Scientist Becomes a Skeptic. Spiegel Online International.
- ^ Curry, Judith A.; Webster, Peter J. (2011). "Climate Science and the Uncertainty Monster". Bureau of the American Meteorological Society. 175 (12): 1667–1682. Bibcode:2011BAMS...92.1667C. doi:10.1175/2011BAMS3139.1.
http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/2011BAMS3139.1
{{cite journal}}: External link in|quote= - ^ Curry, Judith A. (November 17, 2010). "Statement to the Subcommittee on Energy and Environment of the United States House of Representatives" (PDF). Retrieved October 25, 2014.
- ^ Curry, Judith A. (April 25, 2013). "Statement to the Subcommittee on Environment of the United States House of Representatives" (PDF). Retrieved October 25, 2014.
[The IPCC AR4] estimate of equilibrium climate sensitivity is not easily reconciled with recent forcing estimates and observational data. There is increasing support for values of climate sensitivity around or below 2°C.
- ^ Mann, Michael E. (October 17, 2014). "Curry Advocates Against Action on Climate Change". HuffPost. Retrieved October 25, 2014.
- ^ Freeman Dyson, in correspondence with editor Steve Connor (February 25, 2011), "Letters to a heretic: An email conversation with climate change sceptic Professor Freeman Dyson", The Independent,
First, the computer models are very good at solving the equations of fluid dynamics but very bad at describing the real world. [...] Sixth, summing up the other five reasons, the climate of the earth is an immensely complicated system and nobody is close to understanding it.
{{citation}}:|author=has generic name (help) - ^ a b c Epstein, Ethan (January 13, 2014). "What Catastrophe?". The Weekly Standard. Retrieved October 31, 2014.
But Lindzen, plainly, is different. He can't be dismissed. Nor, of course, is he the only skeptic with serious scientific credentials. Judith Curry, the chair of the School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences at Georgia Tech, William Happer, professor of physics at Princeton, John Christy, a climate scientist honored by NASA, now at the University of Alabama, and the famed physicist Freeman Dyson are among dozens of scientists who have gone on record questioning various aspects of the IPCC's line on climate change. Lindzen, for his part, has said that scientists have called him privately to thank him for the work he's doing
- ^ Drollete, Dan Jr. "Brian Schmidt: Climate change is a real, existential threat that should be dealt with immediately," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 11 ov. 2016. Retrieved 8 July 2017. Brian Schmidt said, "He [Giaever] strongly believes that whatever is occurring [with regard to climate change] is not attributable to emissions of greenhouse gases."
- ^ Koonin, Steven (September 2014). "Climate Science Is Not Settled". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved October 13, 2014.
[Many open questions] are not ″minor″ issues to be ″cleaned up″ by further research. Rather, they are deficiencies that erode confidence in the computer projections. [...They are] fundamental challenges to our understanding of human impacts on the climate, and they should not be dismissed with the mantra that 'climate science is settled.' While the past two decades have seen progress in climate science, the field is not yet mature enough to usefully answer the difficult and important questions being asked of it.
- ^ "Turn down heat on climate debate". Tampa Tribune. September 23, 2014.
- ^ "The Climate Science Isn't Settled", The Wall Street Journal Online, November 30, 2009,
Claims that climate change is accelerating are bizarre. [...] The quality of the data is poor [...] The general support for warming is based not so much on the quality of the data, but rather on the fact that there was a little ice age from about the 15th to the 19th century.
- ^ "What Catastrophe?", The Weekly Standard, January 13, 2014
- ^ Zedillo, Ernesto, ed. (2008). Global Warming: Looking Beyond Kyoto. Brookings Institution Press. pp. 21–. ISBN 978-0-8157-9716-6.
- ^ Loehle, Craig (2004). "Climate change: detection and attribution of trends from long-term geologic data". Ecological Modelling. 171 (4): 433–450. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2003.08.013.
- ^ Carter, Bob (January 20, 2009). "Facts debunk global warming alarmism". The Australian. Retrieved May 11, 2014.
- ^ Loehle, Craig (2007). "A 2000 Year Global Temperature Reconstruction based on Non-Tree ring Proxies" (PDF). Energy & Environment. 18 (7 & 8): 1049–1058. doi:10.1260/095830507782616797. S2CID 154668276.
- ^ Milloy, Steven (November 21, 2007). "U.N. Climate Distractions". Fox News Channel. Retrieved February 13, 2014.
A new temperature reconstruction for the past 2,000 years created by Craig Loehle of the National Council for Air and Stream Improvement indicates that, 1,000 years ago, globally averaged temperature was about 0.3 degrees Celsius warmer than the current temperature.
- ^ Singer, S. Fred (January 9, 2010). "Index of Editorials Global Warming Junkscience". Science and Environmental Policy Project. Retrieved February 1, 2014.
- ^ "Skeptics, unite!". National Post. Archived from the original on March 22, 2014. Retrieved February 1, 2014.
- ^ Loehle, Craig; McCulloch, J. Huston (2008). "Correction to: A 2000-Year Global Temperature Reconstruction Based on Non-Tree Ring Proxies". Energy & Environment. 19 (1). Multi-Science Publishing Co. Ltd.: 93–100. doi:10.1260/095830508783563109. S2CID 153692865. Retrieved September 18, 2015.
- ^ "Global Warming: IPCC Reviews & Critiques" page on Ross McKitrick's website.
- ^ McKitrick, Ross R., Stephen McIntyre and Chad Herman (2010) "Panel and Multivariate Methods for Tests of Trend Equivalence in Climate Data Sets". Atmospheric Science Letters, DOI: 10.1002/asl.290.
- ^ A.R. Lucas & P.A. Moore, The Utah Controversy: A Case Study of Public Participation in Pollution Control, Natural Resources Journal Vol. 36, Pages 46-47, 1973
- ^ Jacqueline Echevarria, Greenpeace Co-founder: CO2 does not cause global warming, Energy live News, October 15, 2015
- ^ Patrick Moore, Obama’s Half-Baked Alaska: Yes, the glacier of Glacier Bay is receding—as it has from time to time for centuries, The Wall Street Journal, September 3, 2015
- ^ Nils-Axel Mörner (March 30, 2005), Economics of Climate Change: 12-ii Session 2005–06 Evidence to Select Committee on Economic Affairs, vol. II, The Stationery Office, p. 269, ISBN 9780104007167,
In conclusion, observational data do not support the sea level rise scenario. On the contrary, they seriously contradict it.
- ^ Kelly, Jack. "The facts don't add up for human-caused global warming". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.
prominent skeptics...Nils-Axel Mörner
- ^ Paltridge, Garth (2009). the Climate Caper. Connor Court Publishing. ISBN 978-1-921421-25-9.
There are good and straightforward scientific reasons to believe that the burning of fossil fuel and consequent increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide will lead to an increase in the average temperature of the world above that which would otherwise be the case. Whether the increase will be large enough to be noticeable is still an unanswered question.
- ^ Bolt, Andrew (February 12, 2010). "Warmists are hot under the collar as scepticism rules". Herald Sun. Retrieved November 1, 2014.
- ^ "Roger Pielke Jr." article at sourcewatch.org, accessed on 2016-08-23.
- ^ Weinkle, J., R. Maue, and R. Pielke, Jr., 2012. Historical global tropical cyclone landfalls. Journal of Climate, Doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00719.1.
- ^ "Denis Rancourt on climate science and on climate politics", Climate Guy Blog, February 23, 2014
- ^ Cockburn, A., "Dissidents Against Dogma", The Nation, 25 June 2007.
- ^ "Inhofe reveals how scientists and activists believe global warming has ‘co-opted’ the environmental movement," US Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works, 26 October 2007 [2]
- ^ Newton, David E. (2014). Science and Political Controversy: A Reference Handbook. ABC-CLIO. p. 156. ISBN 978-1610693196.
- ^ No Need to Panic About Global Warming. Wall Street Journal, January 27, 2012.
- ^ Phil Plait. "No Need to Worry About Global Warming, Folks: More Carbon Dioxide Will Be Awesome," Salon, 10 May 2013. Retrieved 8 July 2017. Plait wrote, "He [Schmitt] has a long history of flat-out denial of global warming."
- ^ Peter Stilbs & Åke Ortmark (January 12, 2014), Expressen, gå inte på klimatbluffen,
IPCC gör ingen egen forskning, utan söker som grupp stöd för en given hypotes - att koldioxiden har en avgörande betydelse för jordens framtida klimat. Detta är egentligen ogörligt, då ingen ännu har klarlagt klimatsystemets naturliga variationer. Enligt de vetenskapliga principer som växt fram under hundratals år tyder de senaste 20 årens observationer snarare på att hypotesen är falsk. (Own translation to English: The IPCC does not make its own research, but is a group searching for a given hypothesis – that carbon dioxide is crucial for the earth's future climate. This is actually impossible since nobody has yet clarifed the climate system's natural variability. According to the scientific principles that have developed over hundreds of years, the last 20 years of observations rather indicate that the hypothesis is false.)
- ^ "Enögt fokus på CO2-utsläpp leder fel" (in Swedish). Göteborgs-Posten. February 1, 2012. Retrieved November 1, 2014.
- ^ Global Warming Is Not A Crisis,
It is claimed, on the basis of computer models, that this should lead to 1.1 – 6.4 C warming. What is rarely noted is that we are already three-quarters of the way into this in terms of radiative forcing, but we have only witnessed a 0.6 (+/-0.2) C rise, and there is no reason to suppose that all of this is due to humans.
- ^ Glasse, Jennifer (December 5, 2009). "UN Panel to Investigate Claims Climate Change Scientists Suppressed Data". Voice of America. Retrieved November 1, 2014.
Philip Stott, a professor in biogeography at the University of London and a climate change skeptic
- ^ Tennekes, Hendrik. "A Skeptical View of Climate Models" (PDF).
The blind adherence to the harebrained idea that climate models can generate 'realistic' simulations of climate is the principal reason why I remain a climate skeptic.
- ^ Timmer, Edwin (February 13, 2010). "Het Gelijk Van Henk Tennekes" (in Dutch). De Telegraaf. Retrieved November 1, 2014.
- ^ Roberts, John (September 30, 2013). "UN's massive new climate report adds little explanation for 'pause' in warming". Fox News Channel. Retrieved October 10, 2014.
"I know that the models are not adequate," Tsonis told Fox News. "There are a lot of climate models out there. They don't agree with each other – and they don't agree with reality."
- ^ Lee Bergquist & Thomas Content (March 25, 2009). "Natural forces stalling global warming, UWM pair say". Retrieved November 1, 2014.
The findings of mathematicians Kyle L. Swanson and Anastasios Tsonis contradict the assumptions of many climate scientists... who say the planet is currently warming.
- ^ "Breaking Global Warming Taboos: 'I Feel Duped on Climate Change'". Spiegel Online. February 8, 2012. Retrieved February 19, 2014.
CO2 alone will never cause a warming of more than 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) by the end of the century. Only with the help of supposed amplification effects, especially water vapor, do the computers arrive at a drastic temperature increase.
- ^ Delingpole, James (June 16, 2012). "It's no wonder the world's cooling on climate change". Daily Mail. Retrieved November 1, 2014.
leading German green - former activist and Hamburg state environment senator Prof Fritz Vahrenholt. The evidence for man-made global warming is looking shakier by the day, Germany's answer to Jonathon Porritt or George Monbiot admitted. Far more likely a culprit is the sun.
- ^ Meehl, G.A.; W.M. Washington; C.A. Ammann; J.M. Arblaster; T.M.L. Wigleym; C. Tebaldi (2004). "Combinations of Natural and Anthropogenic Forcings in Twentieth-Century Climate". Journal of Climate. 17 (19): 3721–3727. Bibcode:2004JCli...17.3721M. doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<3721:CONAAF>2.0.CO;2.
- ^ "Russian academic says CO2 not to blame for global warming". Russian International News Agency. January 15, 2007. Retrieved August 24, 2012.
Global warming results not from the emission of greenhouse gases [...], but from an unusually high level of solar radiation and [...] growth in its intensity.
- ^ "Change climate change!". Hindustan Times. January 19, 2010. Retrieved November 1, 2014.
A Russian astronomer named Khabibullo Abdusamatov from St Petersburg has predicted the next ice age will start between 2035 and 2045 due to a decline in solar activity
- ^ Baliunas, Sallie (August 2002). "Warming Up to the Truth". The Heritage Foundation. Retrieved August 31, 2012.
- ^ Baliunas, Sallie; Willie Soon (August 22, 2002). "Global Warming Science vs. Computer Model Speculation: Just Ask the Experts". Capitalism Magazine. Retrieved August 31, 2012.
[T]he recent warming trend in the surface temperature record cannot be caused by the increase of human-made greenhouse gases in the air.
- ^ Rowland, Christopher (November 5, 2013). "Researcher helps sow climate-change doubt". Boston Globe. Retrieved November 1, 2014.
prominent climate-change doubter, Sallie Baliunas, who was studying variations in solar radiation
- ^ Coren, Michael (February 13, 2010). "Climatology expert threatened for climate change views". Toronto Sun. Retrieved March 6, 2014.
There has always been and always will be climate change, but it has very little to do with human activity and has nothing at all to do with pollution of course.
- ^ Plumer, Bradford (February 7, 2007). "The dire global cooling problem". The Guardian. Retrieved November 1, 2014.
global warming-skeptic Timothy Ball
- ^ Dyck, M.J. et al. (with Timothy F. Ball), Polar bears of western Hudson Bay and climate change: Are warming spring air temperatures the “ultimate” survival control factor?, Ecological Complexity, Volume 4, Issue 3, September 2007, Pages 73–84. PDF of full article
- ^ Ian Clark (March 22, 2004). "Letter to the editor of The Hill Times". Natural Resources Stewardship Project. Archived from the original on February 10, 2009. Retrieved August 26, 2011.
We know that [the sun] was responsible for climate change in the past, and so is clearly going to play the lead role in present and future climate change. And interestingly... solar activity has recently begun a downward cycle.
- ^ Huberman, Joel A. (October 6, 2007). "Skeptics need to be held to scientific standards, too". The Buffalo News.
Harris and [Ian] Clark are global warming "skeptics."
Retrieved =8 April 2017. - ^ Article in Earth and Planetary Science Letters (EPSL) entitled “Are there connections between the Earth's magnetic field and climate?” by V. Courtillot, Y. Gallet, J.-L. Le Mouël, F. Fluteau, A. Genevey (2007) EPSL 253, 328.
- ^ The Small Print What the Royal Society Left Out (PDF), 2015
- ^ Chris de Freitas (May 9, 2006). "Chris de Freitas: Evidence must prevail" (PDF). The New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 23, 2006. Retrieved August 26, 2011.
To support the argument that carbon dioxide is causing [global warming], the evidence would have to distinguish between human-caused and natural warming. This has not been done.
- ^ "Half of Kiwis doubt global warming: poll". New Zealand Herald. January 18, 2010. Retrieved November 1, 2014.
climate sceptic Chris de Freitas
- ^ Phillip V Brennan (December 10, 2007). "New Study Explodes Human-Global Warming Story". Newsmax.com. Archived from the original on May 11, 2008. Retrieved August 26, 2011.
[...]observed increases in carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases make only a negligible contribution to climate warming.
- ^ Asten, Michael (December 29, 2009). "More evidence CO2 not culprit". The Australian. Retrieved November 1, 2014.
- ^ Easterbrook, Don (October 22–25, 2006). "The Cause of Global Warming and Predictions for the Coming Century". Philadelphia Annual Meeting. Retrieved August 31, 2012.
Because the warming periods in these oscillations [of glaciers] occurred well before atmospheric CO2 began to rise rapidly in the 1940s, they could not have been caused by increased atmospheric CO2, and global warming since 1900 could well have happened without any effect of CO2. If the cycles continue as in the past, the current warm cycle should end soon[...]
- ^ "The views of retired geology professor Don Easterbrook are considered in the minority". March 26, 2013. Retrieved November 1, 2014.
...global warming skeptic who argued that federal scientists have been manipulating climate data to inflate temperatures. The views of retired geology professor Don Easterbrook are considered in the minority.
- ^ Raymond Brusca (January 12, 2009). "Professor denies global warming theory".
[Global warming] probably has little to do with carbon dioxide, just like past warmings had little to do with carbon dioxide
- ^ Halfdan Carstens (2013). "Klimatolog i hardt vær". Archived from the original on January 9, 2014. Retrieved January 9, 2014.
Based on my own observations of how the climate varies naturally, I am skeptical of the CO2 hypothesis (own translation from Norwegian)
- ^ Prestrud, Pal (October 18, 2011). "Questionable climate debate" (in Norwegian). Aftenposten. Retrieved October 31, 2014.
- ^ Wibjörn Karlén (January 7, 2010). "Lilla istiden kan redan vara här". Retrieved January 16, 2014.
After a long time of studying climate variations, I have come to the conclusion that the space weather suggests that we are more likely heading towards a colder period than a warmer. (own translation from Swedish)
- ^ "Skeptics from a range of scientific disciplines get louder in their opposition to doomsday claims". Orange County Register. January 1, 2008. Retrieved October 31, 2014.
- ^ William Kininmonth, Climate Change: A Natural Hazard (PDF), archived from the original (PDF) on August 28, 2007, retrieved August 26, 2011,
Natural variability of the climate system has been underestimated by IPCC and has, to now, dominated human influences.
- ^ Shand, Adam (January 10, 2013). "Heat likely to return despite southerlies - NATURE'S FURY -". The Australian. Retrieved October 31, 2014.
William Kininmonth, a noted climate change sceptic
(Subscription required.) - ^ Legates, David (May 2006). "Climate Science: Climate Change and Its Impacts". National Center for Policy Analysis. Retrieved August 31, 2012.
About half of the warming during the 20th century occurred prior to the 1940s, and natural variability accounts for all or nearly all of the warming.
- ^ Montgomery, Jeff (March 19, 2013). "Climate change skeptics say 'sick' science distorts facts". USA Today. Retrieved October 31, 2014.
Professor David Legates of the University of Delaware, a former climatologist for the state, bluntly rejected leading climate change claims
- ^ Silvey, Janese (March 5, 2012). "Professor details role as climate consultant". Columbia Tribune. Retrieved April 15, 2014.
There's no doubt the climate is changing; that's a given," he said. "But the question is: What's causing it. Is it mankind alone, which a lot of people say? Is it some mix of man and nature? Or is it nature? I would say nature is mostly responsible. There may be a role for man in there somewhere, but how much, I don't know.
- ^ Gerken, James (August 28, 2014). "Utility-Sponsored Teacher Training At Mizzou Brings Climate Skepticism And Anti-EPA Message". The Huffington Post. Retrieved October 31, 2014.
- ^ Patterson, Timothy (June 2007). "Read the Sunspots". Financial Post.
- ^ "He's in the hot seat". Edmonton Journal. September 23, 2007. Retrieved October 31, 2014.
The main driver of climate change, [Tim Patterson] believes, is a combination of solar changes (well-known cycles of the sun's intensity) as well as cosmic rays.
- ^ "Wild weather ignites climate change debate". Lateline. Australian Broadcasting Company. August 15, 2002.
Natural climate changes occur unrelated to carbon dioxide contents.
- ^ Manning, Paddy (November 26, 2012). "Roy Hill to push through pain". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved October 31, 2014.
Mr Plimer, a noted climate sceptic
- ^ Robinson, Arthur B. (1997). "Science Has Spoken: Global Warming is a Myth" (PDF). Dow Jones & Company. Retrieved February 18, 2014.
we needn't worry about human use of hydrocarbons warming the Earth. We also needn't worry about environmental calamities, even if the current, natural warming trend continues: After all the Earth has been much warmer during the past 3,000 years without ill effects.
- ^ Gaston, Christian (August 10, 2013). "Former Peter DeFazio opponent Art Robinson elected to lead Oregon Republican Party". The Oregonian. Retrieved October 31, 2014.
Robinson, a chemist and outspoken skeptic of human-caused global warming
- ^ Bolt, Andrew (August 3, 2011). "New research: warmth produces these carbon dioxide concentrations". Herald Sun. Retrieved April 2, 2014.
Salby...suggests that its warmth which tends to produce more CO2, rather than vice versa - which, incidentally is the story of the past recoveries from ice ages.
- ^ Darwall, Rupert (Summer 2014). "An Unsettling Climate". City Journal (New York City). Retrieved October 30, 2014.
Another dissenter, the American atmospheric physicist Murry Salby...
- ^ "I cambi climatici e le loro cause, una discussione su alcuni punti chiave (Climate Change and Its Causes, A Discussion About Some Key Issues)" (PDF). La Chimica e l'Industria. 2010. pp. 70–75. Retrieved August 31, 2012.
At least 60% of the warming of the Earth observed since 1970 appears to be induced by natural cycles which are present in the solar system. A climatic stabilization or cooling until 2030–2040 is forecast by the phenomenological model.
- ^ "Scafetta webpage".
- ^ Taylor, James (May 30, 2013). "Global Warming Alarmists Caught Doctoring '97-Percent Consensus' Claims". Forbes. Retrieved October 30, 2014.
prominent, vigorous skeptic... Nicola Scafetta
- ^ Segalstad, Tom. "What is CO2 – friend or foe?" (PDF). Retrieved July 4, 2009.
The IPCC's temperature curve (the so-called 'hockey stick' curve) must be in error [...] All measurements of solar luminosity and 14C isotopes show that there is at present an increasing solar radiation which gives a warmer climate
- ^ Stratton, Allegra (November 20, 2009). "Climate change denial MEP attacks church". The Guardian. Retrieved October 30, 2014.
Tom Segalstad, a Norwegian geologist who says human-released CO2 would not have a large effect on the climate
- ^ Shaviv, Nir. "Prof Nir Shaviv: The influence of cosmic radiation on the climate!". European Institute for Climate and Energy. Retrieved October 24, 2014.
The story we hear from the IPCC is faulty in many respects
- ^ Taylor, James (May 30, 2013). "Global Warming Alarmists Caught Doctoring '97-Percent Consensus' Claims". Forbes. Retrieved October 30, 2014.
prominent, vigorous skeptic... Nir Shaviv
- ^ Singer, S. Fred (April 22, 2005). "'Flat Earth Award' nominee's challenge to Chicken Littles". Christian Science Monitor.
The greenhouse effect is real. However, the effect is minute, insignificant, and very difficult to detect.
- ^ "The Denial Machine (ABC Interview)". ABC News. 2008. Archived from the original on April 8, 2014. Hosted here
- ^ "Climate of Doubt". PBS Frontline. October 23, 2012.
- ^ Mook, Dean (February 8, 2014). "Connecting the dots for climate skeptics". The Roanoke Times. Retrieved October 30, 2014.
But, there are always skeptics. For one example among several, Fred Singer, retired University of Virginia professor of physics
- ^ William J Cromie (April 24, 2003). "Global warming is not so hot: 1003 was worse, researchers find". Harvard University Gazette. Retrieved August 26, 2011.
there's increasingly strong evidence that previous research conclusions [...] may have been biased by underestimation of natural climate variations.
- ^ Rowland, Christopher (November 5, 2013). "Researcher helps sow climate-change doubt". The Boston Globe. Retrieved October 30, 2014.
Willie Soon is a hero of the skeptical movement
- ^ "Testimony of Roy W. Spencer". before the Senate Environment and Public Works Committee. July 22, 2008. Retrieved August 31, 2012.
I predict that [scientists will realise] most of the climate change we have observed is natural, and that mankind's role is relatively minor
- ^ Bachelard, Michaellast (September 11, 2011). "Majority report: why consensus is all the rage". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved October 30, 2014.
Internationally, sceptics look to climatologist Dr Roy Spencer
- ^ Svensmark, Henrik (2007). "Cosmoclimatology: a new theory emerges" (PDF). Astronomy & Geophysics. 48 (1): 18–24. Bibcode:2007A&G....48a..18S. doi:10.1111/j.1468-4004.2007.48118.x. Retrieved December 19, 2011.
The case for anthropogenic climate change during the 20th century rests primarily on the fact that concentrations of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases increased and so did global temperatures. Attempts to show that certain details in the climatic record confirm the greenhouse forcing (e.g. Mitchell et al. 2001) have been less than conclusive. By contrast, the hypothesis that changes in cloudiness obedient to cosmic rays help to force climate change predicts a distinctive signal that is in fact very easily observed, as an exception that proves the rule.
- ^ Nuccitelli, Dana (November 12, 2013). "Cosmic rays fall cosmically behind humans in explaining global warming". The Guardian. Retrieved October 30, 2014.
Henrik Svensmark of the Danish National Space Institute is the main proponent of the hypothesis linking [comic rays] to global climate change
- ^ Tomlinson, Stuart (February 21, 2008). "Update: Controversial "State Climatologist" Steps Aside". OregonLive.com. Retrieved March 20, 2014.
Taylor said he believes climate change is a combination of natural factor and human factors. "I don't deny that human activities affect climate change," he said. "But I believe up to now, natural variations have played a more important role than human activities.
- ^ Learn, Scott (January 26, 2012). "Presentation by global warming skeptics draws big crowd in Portland". The Oregonian. Retrieved October 30, 2014.
- ^ Syun-Ichi, Akasofu (June 15, 2007). "On the Fundamental Defect in the IPCC's Approach to Global Warming Research by Syun-Ichi Akasofu". Climate Science: Roger Pielke Sr. wordpress.com. Retrieved August 31, 2012.
[T]he method of study adopted by the International Panel of Climate Change (IPCC) is fundamentally flawed, resulting in a baseless conclusion: Most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations. Contrary to this statement ..., there is so far no definitive evidence that 'most' of the present warming is due to the greenhouse effect. ... [The IPCC] should have recognized that the range of observed natural changes should not be ignored, and thus their conclusion should be very tentative. The term 'most' in their conclusion is baseless.
- ^ Alford, Peter (March 14, 2009). "Japanese scientists cool on theories". The Australian. Retrieved October 30, 2014.
Dr Akasofu and Tokyo Institute of Technology geology professor Shigenori Maruyama are highly critical of the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's acceptance that hazardous global warming results mainly from man-made gas emissions.
- ^ "Climat: la prévention, oui, la peur, non" (in French). L'Express. May 10, 2006. Archived from the original on November 17, 2006. Retrieved August 26, 2011.
:The increase in the CO2 content of the atmosphere is an observed fact and mankind is most certainly responsible. In the long term, this increase will without doubt become harmful, but its exact role in the climate is less clear. Various parameters appear more important than CO2. Consider the water cycle and formation of various types of clouds, and the complex effects of industrial or agricultural dust. Or fluctuations of the intensity of the solar radiation on annual and century scale, which seem better correlated with heating effects than the variations of CO2 content.
- ^ Lean, Geoffrey (June 19, 2009). "Conservatives have always been green". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved October 30, 2014.
France's foremost climate sceptic, Claude Allègre
- ^ Balling, Robert (September 2003). "The Increase in Global Temperature: What it Does and Does Not Tell Us" (PDF). George C. Marshall Institute. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 22, 2006.
[I]t is very likely that the recent upward trend [in global surface temperature] is very real and that the upward signal is greater than any noise introduced from uncertainties in the record. However, the general error is most likely to be in the warming direction, with a maximum possible (though unlikely) value of 0.3 °C. ... At this moment in time we know only that: (1) Global surface temperatures have risen in recent decades. (2) Mid-tropospheric temperatures have warmed little over the same period. (3) This difference is not consistent with predictions from numerical climate models.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Carroll, Vincent (June 20, 2009). "Carroll: Skeptical of climate alarmists". The Denver Post. Retrieved October 30, 2014.
- ^ Jacobsen, Siw Ellen (February 29, 2008). "Pål Brekke: Internationally renowned climate sceptic and solar expert". The Research Council of Norway.
The UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPPC) has determined that the earth's temperature has risen by about 0.7° C since 1901. According to Dr Brekke, this time period coincides not only with an increase in human-caused greenhouse gas emissions, but also with a higher level of solar activity, which makes it complicated to separate the effects of these two phenomena. [...] Dr Brekke has published more than 40 scientific articles on the sun and on the interaction between the sun and the earth. "We could be in for a surprise," he cautions. "It's possible that the sun plays an even more central role in global warming than we have suspected. Anyone who claims that the debate is over and the conclusions are firm has a fundamentally unscientific approach to one of the most momentous issues of our time."
- ^ Brekke, Paal (November 16, 2000). "Viewpoint: The Sun and climate change". BBC News.
Natural processes involving changes in the Sun could have at least as powerful an effect on global temperature as increased emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2)...
- ^ Christy, John R.; Douglass, David H. (2009). "Limits on CO2 Climate Forcing from Recent Temperature Data of Earth" (PDF). Energy & Environment. 20: 177–189. arXiv:0809.0581. doi:10.1260/095830509787689277. S2CID 16927828. Retrieved June 17, 2011.
...the data show a small underlying positive trend that is consistent with CO2 climate forcing with no-feedback. [...] There is disagreement in regard to the validity of the global warming hypothesis that states that there are positive feedback processes leading to gains g that are larger than 1, perhaps as large as 3 or 4. However, recent studies suggest that the values of g is much smaller.
- ^ Christy, John (November 1, 2007). "My Nobel Moment". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved November 2, 2007.
...I see neither the developing catastrophe nor the smoking gun proving that human activity is to blame for most of the warming we see. Rather, I see a reliance on climate models (useful but never "proof") and the coincidence that changes in carbon dioxide and global temperatures have loose similarity over time.
- ^ Sullivansept, Margaret (September 6, 2014). "Meant as Portraits, Seen as Hagiography". The New York Times. Retrieved October 30, 2014.
John Christy — a prominent climate-change skeptic
- ^ Petr Chylek (April 2002). "A Long Term Perspective on Climate Change" (PDF). Heartland.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 29, 2007. Retrieved August 26, 2011.
Carbon dioxide should not be considered as a dominant force behind the current warming...how much of the [temperature] increase can be ascribed to CO2, to changes in solar activity, or to the natural variability of climate is uncertain
- ^ Borenstein, Seth (October 31, 2011). "Noted skeptic finds climate change real". The Journal Gazette. Retrieved October 30, 2014.
Petr Chylek of Los Alamos National Lab, a noted skeptic
- ^ David Deming (December 6, 2006). "U.S. Senate Committee on Environment & Public Works, Hearing Statements". epw.senate.gov. Archived from the original on January 30, 2009. Retrieved August 31, 2012.
The amount of climatic warming that has taken place in the past 150 years is poorly constrained, and its cause – human or natural – is unknown. There is no sound scientific basis for predicting future climate change with any degree of certainty. If the climate does warm, it is likely to be beneficial to humanity rather than harmful. In my opinion, it would be foolish to establish national energy policy on the basis of misinformation and irrational hysteria.
- ^ Davis, Tony (December 6, 2009). "UA prof involved in Climategate replies to critics". Arizona Daily Star. Retrieved October 30, 2014.
longtime warming skeptic David Deming
- ^ Krueger, Curtis. Most urgent hurricane threat? Overdevelopment, not global warming. "The ongoing cycle of greater and lesser hurricane activity is not attributable to man-made global warming, Goldenberg says. In fact, he does not think humans are causing global warming." Tampa Bay Times. 5 July 2008. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
- ^ "Stanley Goldenberg ICCC7". YouTube. June 24, 2013.
(3:59) They are making more strides in understanding el nino, but they cannot predict something like that one or two months in advance. And they are wanting me to believe a climate model projecting 50 years, 70 years in advance, enough said on that.
- ^ Gray, Vincent R. (April 2008). "The Global Warming Scam" (PDF). Retrieved February 13, 2014.
- ^ Barton, Chris (November 4, 2006). "It's hype, hysteria and hot air says climate change nay-sayers". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved October 28, 2014.
- ^ Idso, Craig D.; Idso, Keith E. (1998). "Carbon Dioxide and Global Warming". CO2science.org. Archived from the original on February 24, 2007. Retrieved March 16, 2014.
...there is no compelling reason to believe that the rise in temperature was caused by the rise in CO2. Furthermore, it is highly unlikely that future increases in the air's CO2 content will produce any global warming; for there are numerous problems with the popular hypothesis that links the two phenomena.
- ^ "U.S. House of Representatives Joint Hearing Before the Subcommittee on National Economic Growth, Natural Resources, and Regulatory Affairs of the Committee on Government Reform and the Subcommittee on Energy and the Environment of the Committee on Science: Is CO2 a Pollutant and does the EPA Have the Power to Regulate It?" (PDF). United States Government Printing Office. October 6, 1999. Retrieved November 1, 2014.
- ^ "Kary B. Mullis - Facts," Nobelprize.org, Nobel Media AB 2014. Web. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
- ^ Wade, Nicholas. "Scientist at Work/Kary Mullis; After the 'Eureka,' a Nobelist Drops Out," The New York Times, 15 Sept. 1998. Retrieved 8 July 2017. One line in Wades long peek into Mullis's life is, "He disputes the arguments that cholorfluorocarbons are depleting the ozone layer and that industrial waste gases may cause the climate to get hotter."
- ^ Mullis is known for his unorthodox views on astrology, AIDS, and recreational drugs. Carlson, Peter. "Nobel Chemist Kary Mullis, Making Waves as a Mind Surfer," The Washington Post, 3 Nov. 1998. Retrieved 9 July 2017. "On AIDS and Global Warming" (PDF).
- ^ "ZENIT - Global Warming Natural, Says Expert". zenit.org. April 27, 2007. Retrieved August 31, 2012.
it is not possible to exclude the idea that climate changes can be due to natural causes
- ^ Solomon, Lawrence (August 22, 2013). "Lawrence Solomon: Model mockery?". National Post. Retrieved October 28, 2014.
climate change skeptics such as... Antonino Zichichi
- ^ Goklany, Indur M (2005). "A Climate Policy for the Short and Medium Term: Stabilization or Adaptation?". Energy & Environment. 16 (3–4): 667–680. doi:10.1260/0958305054672420. S2CID 14295817.
- ^ Goklany, Indur M (2009). ""Is Climate Change the "Defining Challenge of Our Age?". Energy & Environment. 20 (3): 279–302. doi:10.1260/095830509788066439. S2CID 11221590.
- ^ Goklany, Indur M., "Discounting the Future", Regulation, 32: 36-40 (Spring 2009).
- ^ Craig Idso. "A Science- Based Rebuttal to the Testimony of Al Gore before the United States Senate Environment & Public Works Committee" (PDF). Center for the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global Change. Retrieved August 26, 2012.
The rising CO2 content of the air should boost global plant productivity dramatically, enabling humanity to increase food, fiber and timber production and thereby continue to feed, clothe, and provide shelter for their still-increasing numbers ... this atmospheric CO2-derived blessing is as sure as death and taxes.
- ^ Carpenter, Zoë (April 10, 2014). "This Sham Report Is What the Climate Movement Is Up Against?". The Nation. Retrieved October 28, 2014.
climate change skeptic Craig Idso
- ^ Sherwood B. Idso, Craig D. Idso and Keith E. Idso (November 2003). "Enhanced or Impaired? Human Health in a CO2-Enriched Warmer World" (PDF). Center for the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global Change. p. 30. Retrieved August 26, 2012.
[W]arming has been shown to positively impact human health, while atmospheric CO2 enrichment has been shown to enhance the health-promoting properties of the food we eat, as well as stimulate the production of more of it. ... [W]e have nothing to fear from increasing concentrations of atmospheric CO2 and global warming.
- ^ Gelbspan, Ross (March 22, 2001). "Bush's Global Warmers". The Nation. Retrieved October 28, 2014.
Sherwood Idso, a longtime coal-sponsored global warming skeptic
- ^ Pocan, Mark (October 2011), Inside the ALEC Dating Service, archived from the original on March 11, 2012
- ^ Michaels, Patrick (October 16, 2003). "Posturing and Reality on Warming". CATO Institute. Retrieved June 10, 2009.
Scientists know quite precisely how much the planet will warm in the foreseeable future, a modest three-quarters of a degree (Celsius), plus or minus a mere quarter-degree ... a modest warming is a likely benefit... human warming will be strongest and most obvious in very cold and dry air, such as in Siberia and northwestern North America in the dead of winter.
- ^ Gillis, Justin (February 10, 2014). "Freezing Out the Bigger Picture". New York Times. Retrieved October 28, 2014.
Patrick J. Michaels, a climate skeptic at the Cato Institute
- ^ Auer explains why he backs climate science coalition, New Zealand Press Association, April 30, 2006,
the global warming argument, particularly with all the disastrous consequences that are being promulgated ... this is all a non-sustainable argument. In other words the facts will, in time, prove them to be wrong
- ^ "Global warming debunked". The Timaru Herald. May 19, 2007. Archived from the original on July 14, 2007. Retrieved June 11, 2007.
- ^ "Wisconsin's Energy Cooperative". May 2007. Archived from the original on July 6, 2010. Retrieved September 1, 2012.
It's absurd. Of course [temperature's] going up. It has gone up since the early 1800s, before the Industrial Revolution, because we're coming out of the Little Ice Age, not because we're putting more carbon dioxide into the air.
- ^ "Is Warming Our Fault?". June 18, 2007. Archived from the original on May 22, 2009.
Reid Bryson "is referred to as a global warming skeptic."
- ^ McLean, J. D.; de Freitas, C. R.; Carter, R. M. (2009). "Influence of the Southern Oscillation on tropospheric temperature" (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research. 114 (D14): D14104. Bibcode:2009JGRD..11414104M. doi:10.1029/2008JD011637.
- ^ "A little warming, a lot of hysteria". Washington Times. April 11, 2006. Retrieved November 1, 2014.
professor [Robert Carter], writing in the London Daily Telegraph, does not dispute the evidence that we're in an era of rising temperatures. Who does? But he suggests that man exhibits considerable hubris — insolence, even — if he imagines that he's responsible.
- ^ Achenbach, Joel (May 28, 2006). "The Tempest". The Washington Post. Washington DC: WPC. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved September 1, 2012.
I am of the opinion that [global warming] is one of the greatest hoaxes ever perpetrated on the American people.
- ^ "Hurricane predictor will update forecast Wednesday". The Washington Post. September 27, 2010. Retrieved November 1, 2014.
Gray - who has gotten attention lately for calling global warming a hoax
- ^ "UNEP Sasakawa Prize". United Nations Environment Programme. Retrieved April 3, 2017.
- ^ Izrael, Yuri A. (June 23, 2005). "Climate change: not a global threat". RIA Novosti. Retrieved April 1, 2017.
there is no proven link between human activity and global warming
- ^ "Yuri Antonievich Izrael." Obituary by the World Meteorological Organization. © 2016. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
- ^ "The Marshall Institute – Founders". Archived from the original on July 6, 2010. Retrieved April 1, 2012.
- ^ Oreskes, Naomi; Conway, Erik M. (2010). Merchants of doubt: How a handful of scientists obscured the truth on issues from tobacco smoke to global warming (1st U.S. ed.). New York: Bloomsbury Press. ISBN 9781596916104.
- ^ Seitz, F. and Jastrow, R. (Dec 2001) Retrieved July 16, 2010 Do people cause global warming? Archived May 8, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Hal Lewis: My Resignation From The American Physical Society, October 8, 2010, GWPF site (archived copy accessed 12/30/13)
- ^ Chodos, Alan, ed. "APS Responds to Member’s Resignation over Climate Change," APS News, Nov. 2010, Vol. 19. No. 10. Retrieved 8 July 2017. Lewis is quoted calling "the global warming scam" a "pseudoscientific fraud."
- ^ "Wisconsin's Energy Cooperative". May 2007. Archived from the original on July 6, 2010. Retrieved September 1, 2012.
It's absurd. Of course [temperature's] going up. It has gone up since the early 1800s, before the Industrial Revolution, because we're coming out of the Little Ice Age, not because we're putting more carbon dioxide into the air.
- ^ Seitz, Frederick (December 1, 2001). "Do people cause global warming?". Heartland Institute Environment News. Retrieved August 25, 2012.
So we see that the scientific facts indicate that all the temperature changes observed in the last 100 years were largely natural changes and were not caused by carbon dioxide produced in human activities.
- ^ Hevesi, Dennis. "Frederick Seitz, Physicist Who Led Skeptics of Global Warming, Dies at 96," The New York Times, 6 March 2008. Retrieved 8 July 2017.
- ^ WG1. "Chap 10, Executive Summary". IPCC.
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Further reading
edit- Boykoff, Maxwell (2009). "Ch. 39: Carbonundrums: The Role of the Media: Contemporary Media Courtesans: Climate Contrarians". In Schneider, Stephen H.; Rosencranz, Armin; Mastrandrea, Michael D.; et al. (eds.). Climate change science and policy. Island Press. p. 401. ISBN 978-1-59726-567-6.
- Fleming, James Rodger (2005). Historical Perspectives on Climate Change. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-518973-5.
- Oreskes, Naomi; Conway, Erik M. (2010). "The Denial of Global Warming". Merchants of Doubt. Bloomsbury. pp. 169–215. ISBN 978-1-59691-610-4.
- Solomon, Lawrence (2010). The Deniers. Richard Vigilante Books. ISBN 978-0-9800763-7-0.
- Powell, James Lawrence (2011). "The Scientist Deniers". The Inquisition of Climate Science. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-15718-6.
- Dunlap, Riley E.; McCright, Aaron M. (2011). "Ch. 10: Organized Climate Change Denial: 2.4 Contrarian Scientists". In Dryzek, John S.; Norgaard, Richard B.; Schlosber, David (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Climate Change and Society. Oxford University Press. p. 151. ISBN 978-0-19-956660-0.
External links
edit- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) – consensus, mainstream assessment of climate change
- No, 30,000 scientists have not said climate change is a hoax, PolitiFact, September 8, 2017
