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User:One of Many Tims/sandbox/Exo (public transit)

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Exo
An outbound train on the Mont-Saint-Hilaire Line
An outbound train on the Mont-Saint-Hilaire Line
Overview
Area servedGreater Montreal
LocaleGreater Montreal
Transit type
Number of lines
  • 5 (commuter rail)
  • 278 (commuter bus)
Number of stations
  • 52 rail
  • 19 bus[1]
Daily ridership174,710 (all modes)[2]
  • 77,210 (train)
  • 94,860 (bus)
  • 2,630 (adapted transport)
Annual ridership44,737,400 (2018)[2]
Chief executiveSylvain Yelle
Headquarters700 rue de la Gauchetière, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Operation
Began operation
  • June 1, 2017 (as RTM/Exo)
Reporting marksEXO
Infrastructure manager(s)
Number of vehicles
  • 41 locomotives
  • 206 coaches[2]
Network map as of July 2023

Exo, stylized as exo and officially known as Réseau de transport métropolitain (RTM; English: Metropolitan Transportation Network), is a public transport system in Greater Montreal, including the Island of Montreal, Laval (Île Jésus), and communities along both the North Shore of the Mille-Îles River and the South Shore of the St. Lawrence River. It was created on June 1, 2017, taking over from the Agence métropolitaine de transport. The RTM operates Montreal's commuter rail and metropolitan bus services, and is the second busiest such system in Canada after Toronto's GO Transit. In May 2018, the former Réseau de transport métropolitain (RTM) was branded as Exo.[3]

Exo's territory is concurrent with Montreal Metropolitan Community limits, with the addition of the Kahnawake First Nations reserve and the city of Saint-Jérôme.[4] It serves a population of approximately 4.1 million people who make more than 174,000 trips daily in the 4,258.97 km2 (1,644.40 sq mi) area radiating from Montreal.

Exo's mandate includes the operation of Montreal's commuter rail service, which links the downtown core with communities as far west as Hudson, as far east as Mont-Saint-Hilaire, as far south as Candiac, as far north as Saint-Jérôme, and commuter buses formerly run by local operators.

History

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Exo was created by the Government of Quebec on June 1, 2017 as the Réseau de transport métropolitain.

Rail service

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Canadian National (CN) and Canadian Pacific (CP) had long operated commuter trains in the Montreal area, but by the 1980s, their services had dwindled to one route each. The Société de transport de la communauté urbaine de Montréal (STCUM), or Montreal Urban Community Transportation Corporation (MUCTC), which already managed Metro and bus services across the Island of Montreal, assumed management of CN's Deux-Montagnes commuter service and CP's Rigaud service in 1982 as the two railways began scaling back their services.[5]


In 1997, management and financing of both lines was transferred to the newly created Agence métropolitaine de transport (AMT), which had been established to distribute funding and coordinate transportation planning among the numerous transit operators throughout the Greater Montreal Region. Later that year, the AMT inaugurated service between Blainville and Jean-Talon (now Parc) train station in Montreal's Park Extension district, connecting to the Metro at Parc. Originally, the service was designed to provide a temporary alternative for motorists from Laval and the North Shore of Montreal, while the Highway 117 Dufresne Bridge was being repaired. The service proved to be so popular that the AMT continued to fund it, and even extended a number of trains to the Lucien-L'Allier station downtown in 1999, and continues to provide off-peak daytime weekday service on this line. The service was extended further north to Saint-Jérôme in 2007.

In 2000, the AMT inaugurated its service to McMasterville (which runs along a CN line), and later extended it to Mont-Saint-Hilaire in 2002.

 
Montréal-Ouest station in Montreal West

In 2001, the AMT initiated a pilot project, launching service on a fifth line (using CP tracks) to Delson. This was later extended to Candiac in 2005. More information about the history of each line can be found in their respective articles.

In 2014, the AMT acquired the entire Deux-Montagnes line from CN, including the right of way, infrastructure, trackage, other railway equipment, grounds, curb lanes, rights in the Mount Royal tunnel and air rights, in a $97 million transaction.[6]

On June 1, 2017, the AMT was disbanded to become the Réseau de transport métropolitain, then Exo, the new agency in charge of operating commuter rail and metropolitan bus services,[7] while the Autorité régionale de transport became in charge of managing, integrating and planning public transportation in Greater Montreal.

On December 31, 2020, the Deux-Montagnes line was closed permanently, with the route from Montreal Central Station to Deux-Montagnes being converted into a section for the automated light metro service known as the Réseau express métropolitain.

Partners in transport

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Exo's parent agency, the Autorité régionale de transport métropolitain (ARTM), is charged with transportation planning for the Greater Montreal area.

Exo operates commuter train service as well as the bus service outside of the three main population centres of Greater Montreal. In these areas service is provided by the Société de Transport de Montréal on the Island of Montreal, the Société de Transport de Laval in Laval, and the Réseau de transport de Longueuil for the urban agglomeration of Longueuil.


Fares

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As of July 1, 2024
Further information: Autorité régionale de transport métropolitain § Fare_structure
 
  Fare zone A - Agglomeration of Montréal
  Fare zone B - Laval and Agglomeration of Longueuil
  Fare zone C - Southern and Northern suburbs
  Fare zone D - Areas served by Exo outside of ARTM jurisdiction

Exo services operate in all four fare zones of the integrated ARTM's fare structure for Greater Montreal and uses the Opus card technology. Exo bus sectors are exclusively in zones C and D, though some express or regional buses have destinations in zones A or B. Exo train lines serve zones A, B and C.[8]

As of 2024, certain exceptions and legacy fares from before ARTM fare reform are available.[9]

Commuter rail

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The interior of an Exo commuter train

Exo's commuter trains are its highest-profile division. It uses diesel-electric push-pull trains. The Mont-Saint-Hilaire and Mascouche lines run on Canadian National trackage and operate out of Central Station, while the Vaudreuil-Hudson, Saint-Jérôme, and Candiac lines run on Canadian Pacific Kansas City (CPKC) trackage and operate out of Lucien L'Allier terminus, beside the historic Windsor Station. The Saint-Jérôme line also runs on CPKC trackage and on Exo's own trackage between Sainte-Thérèse and Saint-Jérôme.

Operation of all commuter rail was provided by contract to CN and CP (on their respective rail networks) until June 30, 2017. Operations were taken over by Bombardier Transportation beginning July 1, 2017, on an 8-year contract.[10]

The train lines are integrated with the bus and Metro network maintained by the Société de transport de Montréal (STM).

Commuter train lines
Train lines Line length Start Terminus
  Vaudreuil–Hudson 51.2 km (31.8 mi) 1887 Hudson Lucien-L'Allier
  Saint-Jérôme 62.8 km (39.0 mi) 1882 Saint-Jérôme Lucien-L'Allier
  Mont-Saint-Hilaire 34.9 km (21.7 mi) 1859 Mont-Saint-Hilaire Gare Centrale
  Candiac 25.6 km (15.9 mi) 1887 Candiac Lucien-L'Allier
  Mascouche 52 km (32 mi) 2014 Mascouche Gare Centrale

Fares

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As of July 1, 2022, the Autorité régionale de transport métropolitain (ARTM) which is responsible for the distribution of fares in the Greater Montreal area has designated 4 zones on its territory A, B, C and D. The Island of Montreal is under zone A. Laval and Longueuil are part of zone B. The northern and southern suburbs of Montreal (off-island) are part of zone C. Zone D is territory not under the authority of the ARTM but it is still responsible for the distribution of fares there as well. [11]

If a trip starts and ends on the island of Montreal, an all modes zone A fare is required. This includes all modes of public transit (i.e. bus, Metro, REM or Exo). If a trip leaves zone A (Montreal) then a fare for the corresponding zone is required. For example, a trip between Montreal and Laval will require an all modes AB fare. Fares are valid for 120 minutes after the first validation. There are no fare gates; instead, a proof-of-payment system is used, where fare inspectors randomly check tickets

All fares are available in a cheaper "reduced" category for children 6 to 17 years old, and seniors that are 65 or older. Additionally, monthly passes are available in a "student" category (which is cheaper than the regular fare but more than the reduced fare) for students 18 to 25 years old. To benefit from the reduced or student fares, the passenger must have a reduced-fare OPUS card with their name and photo on it. Travel on the commuter trains is free for anyone 5 and under as well as children 6 to 11 years old travelling with an adult.

Following the introduction of the OPUS, smart card system tickets and passes are now sold by automated vending machines at each station. The machines accept cash, credit and debit cards. Purchases of more than $80 must be paid by cards. Tickets and passes are also sold at a few stores near the suburban stations. Consult the full list on the RTM's website.[12][13] Passes are valid for a calendar month, and are normally on sale from the 20th of the previous month to the 5th of their month of validity. Passengers can also subscribe to OPUS+ which automatically debits the passenger's bank account or credit card and adds the pass to the passenger's OPUS card.

Rolling stock

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Exo has a variety of rolling stock, some of it acquired from GO Transit, the rest built specifically for it. There are a total of 256 cars and locomotives in the fleet.[citation needed]

Locomotives

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EMD F59PH locomotive from Delson-Candiac at Vendôme station
 
ALP-45DP locomotive from Vaudreuil-Hudson at Vendôme station
 
F59PHI locomotive at Lucien-L'Allier station
Exo locomotives
Maker Model Number in service Numbered Year built Comments
Electro-Motive Diesel F59PHI 11 1320–1330 2000 Used on the Vaudreuil-Hudson, Saint-Jérôme, and Candiac lines.
F59PH 10 1340–1349 1990 Acquired from GO Transit. Used on the Vaudreuil-Hudson, Saint Jérôme, Candiac, Mont-Saint-Hilaire and Mascouche lines. (All diesel routes)
Bombardier ALP-45DP 20 1350–1369 2011 Used on the Mont-Saint-Hilaire, Vaudreuil-Hudson, Mascouche and Saint-Jérôme lines.[14]

On January 28, 2022, Exo announced that it had ordered 10 Siemens Charger locomotives to replace the older F59PH locomotives in their fleet.[15]

Retired locomotives
Maker Model Number in class Numbered Year built Comments
Electro-Motive Diesel F40PH 16 223, 243, 270-271, 274, 293, 297, 301-302, 310, 319, 330, 372, 400, 411, 418 1977-1985 All sold off to various leasing firms, tourist railroads, or other commuter railroads. Ex-Amtrak.
GP9u 4 1310-1313 1959 1311 preserved at Exporail. Ex-Canadian National.
 
A schedule display board at Mont-Royal station

Passenger cars

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Current push-pull train coaches
Future coaches
  • In June 2017, the RTM ordered 24 bi-level coaches from CRRC Tangshan, with deliveries expected by 2020.[17] In April 2019, the agency ordered an additional 20 coaches.[18]
  • In March 2018, the RTM announced that it would purchase another 20 2000 series cars.[19]
Retired coaches

The 22 bilevel coaches are in operation on the Saint-Jérôme line. The AMT did not purchase additional bilevels as it sought to standardize its train fleet with the arrival of the multi-level coaches. However, 20 additional bilevels were purchased by the RTM in March 2018.

On December 18, 2007, the AMT awarded Bombardier a $386-million contract to build 160 multi-level commuter cars. These cars are based on NJ Transit's Multilevel series, and are able to enter the Mount Royal Tunnel, unlike the older GO-style BiLevel cars. They are numbered in the 3000s.


Buses

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An Exo commuter bus in Downtown Montreal.
 
An Exo commuter coach at Mansfield Terminal in Downtown Montreal, headed for Sainte-Martine.
Main article: Exo bus services

Exo runs multiple bus lines through its subsidiaries serving Montréal suburbs. One of them, the Express Chevrier 90, also called Express Terminus Centre-Ville 90 — operated by the RTL in Longueuil (using Van Hool AG300 buses) and links the Brossard-Chevrier Park and Ride in Brossard to the Downtown Terminus.

Exo operates all commuter bus services for the North Shore and South Shore suburbs, excepting the cities of Longueuil and Laval, which have their own transit agencies.

Ridership

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In 2018, Exo carried 174,710 passengers on a typical weekday — 77,210 on the trains and 97,500 by commuter bus, including adapted transport.[2]

Number of Passenger Trips (2017)[20]
Rail lines
6 Deux-Montagnes line 7,284,100
  
1 Vaudreuil–Hudson line 4,164,200
  
2 Saint-Jérôme line 3,261,600
  
3 Mont-Saint-Hilaire line 2,245,000
  
5 Mascouche line 1,852,300
  
4 Candiac line 1,267,500
  
Subtotal — Rail lines 20,074,700
Bus routes
Exo North Shore buses 12,682,000
  
Exo South Shore buses 11,981,300
  
Exo Paratransit 684,400
  
Subtotal — Bus system 25,347,700
Total — Exo System 45,422,400

Future projects

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Vaudreuil–Hudson Line

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Main article: Vaudreuil–Hudson line

To increase service on the Vaudreuil-Hudson Line, there are plans to add dedicated tracks for commuter trains. The current tracks are used by Exo under permission from Canadian Pacific Kansas City. On July 1, 2010, service to Rigaud was discontinued, due to Rigaud's reluctance to pay annual fees; the rail line now ends at Hudson.[21]

Candiac Line

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Main article: Candiac line

The possibility of extending the Candiac Line to Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu and Saint-Philippe was examined by the Quebec Government in 2014. In 2016, the study's final report rejected that option, citing longer travel times by train for people in the area.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Programme Triennal d'Immobilisations 2011/2012/2013" (PDF) (in French). Agence métropolitaine de transport. 2010-11-12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 November 2011. Retrieved 3 October 2011.
  2. ^ a b c d "Archived copy" (PDF). Retrieved 2019-01-12.
  3. ^ "Le RTM change de nom et devient exo". Canoe.ca (in French). Agence QMI. 2018-05-23.
  4. ^ Act respecting the Réseau de transport métropolitain (RLRQ, c. R-25.01, section 3)
  5. ^ Wyatt, David A. "All-Time List of Canadian Transit Systems: Banlieues de Montréal, Québec". Retrieved 2024-07-19.
  6. ^ L’AMT FAIT L’ACQUISITION DE LA LIGNE DE TRAINS DE BANLIEUE DEUX-MONTAGNES Archived 2014-03-04 at the Wayback Machine (In French)
  7. ^ "Exo".
  8. ^ "Find your fare". Exo. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
  9. ^ "Transit fares". Autorité régionale de transport métropolitain. Retrieved 2024-08-21.
  10. ^ http://www.tvanouvelles.ca/2017/07/03/un-manque-de-personnel-de-bombardier-en-cause (In French)
  11. ^ "ARTM – Fare reform". Autorité régionale de transport métropolitain | ARTM. Retrieved 2022-09-06.
  12. ^ "Exo - Metropolitan ticket offices and sales outlets".
  13. ^ "Exo - OPUS card".
  14. ^ "AMT electro-diesel arrives in Montréal". Railway Gazette International. 16 June 2011. Archived from the original on 3 October 2012. Retrieved 23 June 2011.
  15. ^ "Siemens Mobility to Modernize Montreal's Exo Train Fleet With Sustainable Locomotives". Financial Post. 28 January 2022. Retrieved 28 January 2022.
  16. ^ "Bombardier clinches big deal for new commuter trains". CBC News. December 18, 2007.
  17. ^ "CRRC to supply commuter coaches to Montréal". Railway Gazette International. 20 June 2017. Archived from the original on 25 June 2017. Retrieved 20 June 2017.
  18. ^ "Montréal increases CRRC coach order". Railway Gazette International. 18 April 2019. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
  19. ^ "RTM - Le RTM en action". rtm.quebec. Archived from the original on 2018-03-15.
  20. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-04-05. Retrieved 2016-03-26.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  21. ^ Montreal Gazette: "All aboard for the last train to Rigaud", April 23, 2010. Archived April 26, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
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Category:Railway companies established in 2017 Category:Standard gauge railways in Canada Category:1859 establishments in Canada Category:1996 establishments in Quebec Category:2017 establishments in Quebec Category:Transit agencies in Quebec

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