User:Pelagic/sandbox/Raptor subfamilies

Ridgway 1873

"The numbers affixed to the names in this catalogue correspond with those of Gray's Hand List of Birds, the nomenclature of which is mainly adopted. The arrangement, however, expresses the peculiar views of the present author, so far as they have become fixed, regarding the classification of the family."

Note that this list includes subgeneric names, many of which are full genera now.

• Family Falconidaæ
  • Subfamily Falconinæ
    • Group Falcones (Falco, Ieracidea, Ierax)
    • Group Polybori
    • Group Micrasturæ
    • Group Herpetotheræ
  • Subfamily Buteoninæ
    • Group Pandiones (Pandion haliaetus and Nauclerus forficatus)
    • Group Pernes
    • Group Elani
    • Group Ictiniæ (Ictinia, Harpagus, Rostrhamus)
    • Group Circeæ
    • Group Nisi
    • Group Geranospizæ
    • Group Urubitingæ
    • Group Buteones (Buteo, Kaupifalco, 'Polyornis, Geranoaëtus)
    • Group Haliaëti
    • Group Aquilæ
    • Group Circaëti
    • Group Archibuteones

Appendix includes detailed revision of Micrastur, Geranospiza, and Buteo subg. Rupornis, with synonomies.

Sharpe 1891

Sharpe, Richard Bowdler (1891). A review of recent attempts to classify birds; an address delivered before the Second international ornithological congress on the 18th of May, 1891, by R. Bowdler Sharpe. http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/13335#/summary

Page 3: impact of evolutionary theory, quoted passage from Newton.

Families

These examples give Orders and Families, but don't break down subfamilies.

• Huxley 1867, p. 5

Group 5. Aetimorphæ (=Raptores, Cuv.)
Families Strigidæ, Cathartidæ, Gypaetidæ, Gypogeranidæ.

• Garrod 1874, p. 7

Order III Ciconiiformes

Cohort (β) Cathartidæ

...

Cohort (ε) Accipitres

Family 1 Falconidæ

Family 2 Strigidæ

• Sclater 1880, p. 11

Order V Accipitres: Falconidæ, Cathartidæ, Serpentariidæ

• Newton 1884, p. 14

“The Accipitres would embrace the Cathartidæ, Vulturidæ, Falconidæ, and the Serpentariidæ, but whether Cariama goes here or not must remain an open question.

“The Striges are not so nearly allied to the Accipitres as most people would believe, and should stand independently of that Order, to which the Psittaci would be perhaps the nearest allies.”

• Sharpe 1874 (p. 15)

“It was the intention of the author ... to have followed in the main the classification of Garrod, with the subdivisions of Wallace and Sundevall”

“In the year 1872, when I commenced the Catalogue, the Classification of Birds was in a transitional state, as anyone who studies the history of Ornithology can discover, and in starting with the Accipitres I reverted to the older form of arrangement.”

“...it is something to correlate the synonymy of the genera and species of Birds, and to have described all the known species up to date, a task not attempted for more than sixty years. The classification of the higher groups and families will follow...”

• Fürbringer 1888

Places families Gypogeranidæ, Cathartidæ, and Gypo-Falconidæ into Gens Accipitres. Accipitres with several other groups is in sub-order Ciconiiformes of order Pelargornithes. Striges are in Coraciiformes, and Psittaciformes are separate.

• Seebohm 1890 (p. 44)

Places orders Raptores and Psittaci into subclass Falconiformes. Cathartes, later changed to Mimogypes, are placed with Picariiæ in Coraciiformes. Raptores contains sub-orders Serpentarii, Accipitres, and Striges.

In his alternate scheme, Raptores and Psittaci join Pelecano-Herodiones, Tubinares and Impennes in Ciconiiformes.

Reichenow 1882

“In 1882 appeared Dr. Reichenow's 'Die Vögel der Zoologischen Gärten,' with a scheme of arrangement of birds, which also seems to have escaped Professor Newton's notice. It contains a phylogenetic tree, and the location of the families displays some rather novel ideas. As this classification has attracted considerable attention in Germany, and has been followed by some recent writers, I here reproduce Dr. Reichenow's scheme” (pp. 15–16)

Series V Captatores

Order IX Crypturi

Order X Rasores

Order XI Raptatores (p. 18)

Fam. 44. Vulturidæ

Subfam. A. Sarcorhamphinæ

B. Vulturinæ

C. Gypaetinæ

Fam. 45. Falconidæ

A. Polyborinæ

B. Accipitrinæ

Section a. Asturinæ

b. Spizaetinæ

C. Buteoninæ

a. Milvinæ

b. Buteoninæ

D. Falconinæ

Fam. 46. Strigidæ

A. Buboninæ

B. Ululinæ

C. Striginæ

(Note subfamilies of Falconidae are similar to Vigors 1824, except Polyborinæ has been raised to subfamily, whilst Milvinæ has been subsumed into Buteoninæ, and Aquilinæ no longer appears.)

“Dr. Reichenow follows recent classification so far as to place the Polyborinæ next to the Vultures, and thence he proceeds to the Accipitrinæ and Spizaetinæ, but Pandion comes into his subfamily Milvinæ, while, after the subfamily Buteoninæ, his Falconinæ contain only Falco and Hierax.”

Stejneger 1885

See pages 22, 24, 27

Nomenclator 1890 (Heine & Reichenow)

“Quite recently has been issued the 'Nomenclator Musei Heineani Ornithologiei' by Dr. Ferdinand Heine and Dr. Anton Reichenow, which, though it bears the date "1882-1890," was to all intents and purposes only published last year. I myself had never heard of the work until it appeared in its completed form.”

page 52 [1] [2]

“An outline of Reichenow's Classification having been given (anteà, pp. 16-21), which can be compared with that of the 'Nomenclator,' I will only add a few words concerning the modifications which affect the arrangement of the old 'Museum Heineanum.' ” (p. 53)

“The Raptatores are divided into the following families, Strigidæ, Falconidæ, and Vulturidæ, much as in Reichenow's System of 1882, but the disposition of the Subfamilies is different. The Falconidæ have eight Subfamilies : — 1. Accipitrinæ (to which the following genera, which I have placed in other Subfamilies, are said to belong, viz., Rypornis, Asturina, Buteola, Leucopternis, Asturinula, Harpagus, and Herpetotheres); 2. Circinæ; 3. Falconinæ; 4. Milvinæ; 5. Buteoninæ; 6. Aquilinæ (wherein occurs Pandion) ; 7. Spizaetinæ (with Haipyhaliaetus, Morphnus, and Thrasaetus, which I consider Buteonine birds) ; 8. Polyborinæ (with which are marshalled Heterospizias, Hypomorphnus, and Erythrocnema) .

“It may be mentioned that the authors of the 'Nomenclator' do not seem to be acquainted with some of the recent American works, or they would have superseded my generic names of (Œnops and Erythrocnema by Rhinogryphus and Antenor of Ridgway, for when, to my disadvantage, the first part of my first volume of the 'Catalogue of Birds' was printed off, and my names could not be changed, Professor Ridgway suddenly brought out a paper which superseded most of my work as far as American Birds of Prey were concerned.” (p.54)

Sharpe

My arrangement of the Class "Aves" is derived from a conviction that the only practical method of teaching or studying Ornithology in the present day is from the standpoint of Evolution, and it is a simple duty to try and arrange the groups of birds on this plan. (p. 58 [3] [4])

Birds of prey, see pp. 63–64; 78.

Reichenow 1913

From the table of contents http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13546084

17. Ordn.: Raptatores S. 359.

Unterordn. A: Accipitres S. 360.

51. Fam. Cathartidae S. 361.

52. Fam. Vulturidae S. 363.

53. Fam. Serpentariidae S. 366.

54. Fam. Falconidae S. 367

(Unterf. A: Accipitrinae S. 368

[Sekt. A: Polyborinae S. 371.

— B: Asturinae S. 373.

— C: Buteoninae S. 389.

— D: Milvinae S. 396.]

Unterf. B: Falconinae S. 404).

Unterordn. B: Striges S. 415.

55. Fam. Strigidae S. 415.

(Unterf. A : Ketupinae S. 417.

— B : Buboninae S. 418.

— C : Nycteinae S. 425.

— D : Syrniinae S. 425.

— E: Striginae S. 432).

Polyborinae is unsurprising: Polyborus, Ibycter, Polyboroides.

Asturinae includes most eagles but not Aquila. Note the separation of Astur, Asturina, and Accipiter. Genera: Spilornis, Circaetus, Driotriorchis, Eutriorchis, Micrastur, Herpetotheres, Geranospizias, Astur Lacép., Kaupifalco, Urotriorchis, Melierax, Asturina Vieill., Accipiter Briss. "Sperber", Micronisus, Circus, Morphnus, Harpiopsis, Harpia, Pithecophaga, Spizaetus, Lophoaetus, Lophotriorchis, Nisaetus Hdgs. (now Hieraetus, he lists "N. pennatus", "N. morphnoides", etc.).

Buteoninae includes Aquila in addition to the usual Buteo relatives.

Milvinae includes Gypaetus, Haliaetus, Polioaetus Kaup (P. ichthyaetus Horsf.), Gypohierax, Pandion, Pernis, Henicopernis, Leptodon Sund., Regerhinus Kaup (R. uncinatus), Rostrhamus, Haliastur, Milvus, Lophoictinia, Elanus, Elanoides, Gampsonyx.

Falconinae: Hierofalco, Hieracidea J. Gd. (H. berigora, H. novaguineae), Spiziapteryx, Harpa Bp. (H. novaeseelandiae), Falco, Cerchneis Boie. (kestrels), Poliohierax Kaup (P. semitorquatus, i.e. Polihierax), Hierax Vig. (i.e. Microhierax Sharpe), Ictinia, Harpagus, Baza Hdgs.