User:Pengo/micro

Microbiology

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• Microbiology
• http://www.latrobe.edu.au/microbiology/secondyr.html

Nitrogen Cycle

• Nitrosomonas: Nitrification of Ammonia to Nitrates
• Nitrobacter: Nitrification of Nitrites to Nitrates
• Pseudomonas Bacillus: Denitrifcation of Nitrates to Nitrites and N2O and Nitrogen (N2)

Fungi

• Oomycetes
• Zygomycotina
• Ascomycotina
• Basidiomycotina
• Deuteromycetes

Organisms

Yeasts - Botritis - Propionibacterium - Lactobacillus - Acetobacter - Penicillium - Streptomyces - Rhizobium - Rumen bacteria - Compost bacteria -

Bacterial diseases and bacteria

provide the full biological name + part of body affected + gram staining response + morphology (shape):

• Diphtheria (Corynebacterium diphtheriae)
• Meningitis (bacterial, viral, chemical, or tumour cells)
• Whooping cough (Bordetella pertussis and related bacterium)
• Typhoid (bacterium, Salmonella typhi)
• Cholera (bacterium, Vibrio cholerae)
• Syphilis (spirochaete bacterium, Treponema pallidum)
• Plague (bacterium, Yersinia pestis)
• Pneumonia (bacteria, viruses, fungi)
• Legionnaires' disease (bacterium, Legionella pneumophila)
• Tuberculosis (bacterium, usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
• Anthrax (bacterium, Bacillus anthracis)
• Tetanus (bacterium, gram-positive, spore-forming, obligate anaerobic, rod-shaped Clostridium tetani)
• Gonorrhoea (bacterium, Neisseria gonorrhoeae)
• Staphylococcus aureus (bacterium, gram-positive, pneumonia, meningitis and septicemia) [1] [2] [3]
• Escherichia coli (bacterium, rod shaped. mostly harmless. dysentery (esp. in children), urinary tract infection, peritonitis)
• Mycobacterium bovis
• Yersinia pestis (bacterium, gram-negative, rod-shaped, bubonic plague, pneumonic plague, septicemic plague
• Treponema pallidum (bacterium, spirochaete, syphilis, yaws, bejel)
• anthrax (bacterium, rod-shaped, gram-positive Bacillus anthracis)
• botulism (bacterium, rod-shaped, spore-forming, anaerobic, Clostridium botulinum)
• Brucella melitensis
• Campylobacter jejuni
• Bacillus stearothermophilus (bacterium, gram-positive, [4])
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pseudomonas septicemia, urinary tract infection, Pseudomonas pneumonia and chronic lung infections, endocarditis, dermatitis, and osteochondritis.

Viruses

Viral gastroenteritis CDC

• rotaviruses*
• adenoviruses*
• caliciviruses*
• astroviruses* [5]
• Norwalk virus*, and
• a group of Noroviruses*

Non-viral gastroenteritis

• Salmonella outbreaks in potato salad or other egg-based dishes
• E. coli (Escherichia coli) in some undercooked meat
• lactose intolerance
• more about foodborne illness*: (CDC)

* no need to learn

Childhood Diseases

• Diphtheria (Corynebacterium diphtheriae)
• Whooping cough (Bordetella pertussis and related bacterium)
• German measles (rubella virus)

fecal/oral diseases

• typhoid fever - bacteria
• cholera
• gastroenteritis- e.g. from chicken/eggs
• dysentery - blood in fecies - two causes
  • shigellosis - Shigella bacteria (several types)
  • amoebic dysentery - amoeba Entamoeba histolytica.

AIDS/HIV SARS

• legionaire's disease
• TB

useful microbes

• saccharomyces - bread, wine, beer, vegemite
• cultivated mushroom - Agaricus bisporus
• vein cheeses - Penicillium
• sweet wine - Botrytis cinerea (noble rot)
• yogurt - Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus salivarius, Lactobacillus bulgaricus
• sauerkraut - acetobacter
• Antibiotics
• xenobiotic - xenobiotic compounds
• "The good bacterium Lactobacillus johnsonii ousted the harmful Clostridium perfringens from chicks' guts"

microbiological terms

• aerobe, anaerobe and microaerophile
• mesophile, psychrophile and thermophile
• acidophile and organotroph
• pathogen and commensal
• Peptidoglycan, bacteria skin.
• virus; bacteria
• Bacteria, Archaea and Eukaryota) (memorise at least three differences)
• Antibiotics: Streptomyces
• Vitamins & amino acids
• Enzymes: Proteases & amylases
• Sewage & wastewater
• Streptomyces as antibiotic producers
• zoonosis
• refractile (of bacterial spores)
• pasteurization, sterilization, disinfection. (and bacterial spores)
• cocci (and morphological groupings)
• bacterial capsule
• capsule, glycocalyx, slime layer
• What are capsules made of (give two or three specific examples)
• plasmid
• bacterial nucleoid
• polyphosphate
• membranes of eubacteria and archaea
• phospholipid
• Glycogen
• lysozyme and penicillin affect bacterial cell walls
• components of peptidoglycan
• an aerobe and an anaerobe
• an antibiotic and an antibody
• Bacillus and Clostridium
• a toxin and an enterotoxin
• a peritrichousbacterium and a lophotrichous bacterium
• Rhizobium and Agrobacterium
• Clostridium tetani gram stain
• ultrastructure of a bacterial spore: spore coat, exosporium, core wall, cortex, core.

Microbe inards:

• muramic acid
• glycogen
• plasmid
• dipicolinic acid
• Rhizobium
• 70S ribosomes
• Agrobacterium
• endospores
• polyphosphate
• peptidoglycan
• chloroplasts
• flagella
• nucleoids
• poly--hydroxy butyrate
• flagellin
• mitochondria
• Streptomyces
• glycocalyx
• Lactobacillus
• periplasm
• What is the structure of bacterial endospores
• Clostridium tetani

Microorganisms used in practical classes

• Prac 1: A Bacillus cereus, B Staphylococcus epidermidis
• Prac 3: A Bacillus cereus, B Staphylococcus epidermidis, C Escherichia coli, D Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E Saccharomyces cerevisae, Also mentioned (p57): Staphylococcus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., Salmonella sp., Streptococcus, Vibrio sp., Arthrobacter, Streptomyces, Azotobacter, Rhizobium.
• Prac 4: A Escherichia coli, B Bacillus subtilis, C Bacillus cereus, D Pseudomonas fluorescens [6], E Pseudomonas aeruginosa [7], F Staphlococcus, G Vibrio natriegens (syn: Beneckea natriegens, Pseudomonas natriegens), H Lactobacillus sp., MEA Saccharomyces
• Prac 5: Vibrio natriegens

News and stuff

• giardia, cryptosporidium