Fort Ruckman was a U.S. Coast Artillery fort located in Nahant, Massachusetts. Originally called the Nahant Military Reservation, the fort was layed out in 1904-1907 and covered an area of about 45 acres just northwest of Bass Point, on the southwest side of the Nahant peninsula.[1]. During the 1920s, this area was renamed in honor of Maj. Gen. John Wilson Ruckman, a former Colonel in the Coast Artillery.[2]
The fort was decommissioned after WW2 and the property was sold to the town and to private owners beginning in about 1947. The fire control tower indicated on the map was used as part of the Army/Lincoln Labs Nike program-related radar research and development during the late 1940s and early 1950s and at one point had a large radar antenna on its roof. A Nike target tracking radar was also erected on Bayley's Hill (the eastern edge of the fort) during the 1950s.
During WW2, Fort Ruckman housed the Group Command post for the northern district of the harbor defense artillery and Battery Gardner, two 12" guns in east-facing casemates of reinforced concrete. These casemates were built just before WW2 over the open (surface) gun positions originally completed in 1923.[3]
The 12-inch guns were likely the Model 1895A2 tubes, on Model 1917 barbette carriages.[4] When they were installed, these were the largest caliber guns in the harbor defenses. Each gun a total weight of 151 tons and had a maximum range of about 29,300 yards (about 16.6 miles). This would enable the guns, for example, to cover an arc extending from Gloucester in the north to North Sictuate in the south. The centers of the two gun positions are roughly 425 ft. apart.
Today, most of the area within the fort's WW2 boundaries has been converted into residential real estate, recreation, or park land for the Town of Nahant. The extensive concrete galleries between the north and south firing positions which housed fire control activities, ammunition storage, and crew quarters, have been buried under 20 or so feet of earth during the casemate construction process. These subterranean galleries are still accessible and are used by the Town for storage.
On the surface of the buried galleries are a series of large and smaller concrete chimneys that ventilate the galleries below. A geodetic marker, MY0039--RUCKMAN RESET (see photo at left), was emplaced in 1943, likely as a point of reference for aiming the 12" guns.
About 800 ft. NNW of the northernmost gun position of Battery Gardner lay the center of a 3-gun battery of antiaircraft guns known as Location 130-2C, or the Boston Harbor No.4 AAA Battery. The three guns were surface-mounted, standard barbette carriage 3" guns, Model 1917-A2. The gun centers formed a roughly equilateral triangle 150 ft. on a side. The gun positions were constructed in 1934, but were not armed until 1942. Final construction on the battery commenced on May 5, 1942, and was completed in less than a month. Today, the battery positions appear (from Google maps) to have been destroyed, but the center point of the battery would fall roughly at the left field foul pole of the first baseball field southeast of the corner of Castle and Flash Roads.
References
edit- ^ Nahant was also the site of two other WW2 era gun batteries, Btty Murphy (2 16-inch guns) and Btty 206 (2 6-inch guns). These East Point Batteries, along with three tall fire control towers, were located in the area called East Point, at the extreme southeast end of the Nahant peninsula.
- ^ Ruckman was an engineer in the late 1890s who argued against the "Abbot Quad" method of locating coast defense mortars and then firing them in 16-mortar salvos. He urged that mortars be aimed and fired individually, if fire control systems were up to this task. After 1910 or so, Ruckman's model became the norm.
- ^ "The Military History of Boston's Harbor Islands," Gerald Butler, Arcadia Publishing, 2000.
- ^ See "American Seacoast Defenses," Mark A Berhow, Ed., CDSG Press, McLean, VA, 2004, p. 154