User:Phoeb.mh/Howiesons Poort/Bibliography

Bibliography

• Clark, J. L. (2013). Exploring the relationship between climate change and the decline of the Howieson’s Poort at Sibudu Cave (South Africa). Zooarchaeology and modern human origins: Human Hunting behavior during the Later Pleistocene, 9-18.
  • This paper comes from a book that is published by Springer, a reliable publishing company. It discusses climate change as a driver of the decline of Howiesons Poort at Sibudu Cave. The findings in this paper can be used to support the “environment”, and “foraging and diets” sections, as the author uses a combination of lithic and faunal evidence.

• Deacon, J. (1995). An unsolved mystery at the Howieson's Poort name site. The South African Archaeological Bulletin, 110-120.
  • This article comes from a peer-reviewed and accredited archaeology journal, so it is a reliable source for the topic. The author is an archaeologist who worked firsthand with sites associated with the topic, making it a primary source. The paper covers the topic in depth, so it will be helpful in establishing notability. This article discusses issues with dating the technocomplex, so I will use it within the dating section of the Wikipedia article (I am going to make a subsection over debates/controversies surrounding dating).

• de la Peña, P. (2020). Howiesons Poort. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Anthropology.
  • This article is peer reviewed and was published in a well-known journal, so it is a reliable source. The author covers the topic in depth through the entirety of the paper, making it relevant, connected to the topic, and notable. The author thoroughly examines and explains different materials associated with Howiesons Poort and its implications for symbolic expression, so I will use it to further the technology section (creating subsections for each type of material) as well as the symbolism section.

• Dusseldorp, G. L. (2012). Tracking the influence of technological change on Middle Stone Age hunting strategies in South Africa. Quaternary International, 270, 70-79.
  • This paper comes from a peer reviewed science journal. The author covers material evidence of foraging strategies and implications for diet during Stillbay and Howiesons Poort. I will use this to create a section on foraging and diet. I’m going to put this section right after the “technology” section, so that the readers have a good understanding of the material remains before reading about interpretations on behavior.

• Dusseldorp, G. L. (2014). Explaining the Howiesons Poort to post-Howiesons Poort transition: a review of demographic and foraging adaptation models. Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa, 49(3), 317-353.
  • This paper is peer-reviewed and comes from an established journal, making it a reliable source. The author covers in depth the transition from Howiesons Poort to post-Howiesons Poort, which is something that I plan on incorporating into the article as a subsection in “dating”, so this article is notable for that planned section. The author is a professor in the field who has a research focus on human occupation of southern African sites, so he is a reliable author.

• Harper, P. T. (1997). The Middle Stone Age sequences at Rose Cottage Cave: a search for continuity and discontinuity. South African Journal of Science, 93(10), 470-475.
  • This is a peer-reviewed journal, so it should be a reliable source. It discusses the authors analysis of stone tools found at Rose Cottage Cave, and how they suggest a Pre-HP, HP, and post-HP sequencing. I plan to use this source when discussing Rose Cottage Cave (when I give summaries of notable sites towards the end of the article) and when discussing the proposed breakdown of Howieson Poort periods.

• Henshilwood, C. S., van Niekerk, K. L., Wurz, S., Delagnes, A., Armitage, S. J., Rifkin, R. F., ... & Mienies, S. S. (2014). Klipdrift shelter, southern Cape, South Africa: preliminary report on the Howiesons Poort layers. Journal of Archaeological Science, 45, 284-303.
  • This article comes from a peer reviewed journal, so it is a reliable source. It is notable as it focuses on the topic. It discusses the discovery of Klipdrift Shelter, which contains Howiesons Poort associated materials. It provides dates for the relevant layers, which I will use in the dating section. I will give an overview of Klipdrift Shelter using this paper when discussing notable sites at the end of the article. It also discusses a shift in lithic style over time, which I will include in the technology section. There will be a subsection for each type of tool associated with HP, so I will most likely include a paragraph for each subsection explaining any noticeable shifts in time for each tool.

• Jacobs, Z., & Roberts, R. G. (2008). Testing times: old and new chronologies for the Howieson's Poort and Still Bay industries in environmental context. Goodwin Series, 9-34.
  • This article was published by the South African Archaeology Society, so it should be a reliable source. It thoroughly examines the debate surrounding the dating of Howiesons Poort, including a history of previous interpretations and dating methods, and suggests a new age. I will use this paper in my dating debates/controversies subsection within the dating section.

• Lombard, M. (2005). The Howiesons Poort of South Africa: what we know, what we think we know, what we need to know. Southern African Humanities, 17(1), 33-55.
  • This paper comes from a peer reviewed journal. It covers many aspects of Howiesons Poort and can be potentially used in multiple sections throughout the article. Specifically, I plan to use it for the “history of discoveries” section at the beginning of the article, as the author gives a thorough overview of the excavations that had been conducted since the first discovery.

• Lombard, M. (2007). The gripping nature of ochre: the association of ochre with Howiesons Poort adhesives and Later Stone Age mastics from South Africa. Journal of Human Evolution, 53(4), 406-419.
  • This paper was published in a peer reviewed journal. It discusses the use of ochre as a functional, not purely symbolic, mechanism during Howiesons Poort. This will make an interesting addition to the “technology” section of my article. I will probably put it under “hafted tools”, as the authors argue that there is evidence that ochre was used as a gripping adhesive for these tools.

• Lombard, M., & Parsons, I. (2011). What happened to the human mind after the Howiesons Poort?. Antiquity, 85(330), 1433-1443.
  • This paper was published in a notable, peer-reviewed journal. It is unlike other papers already in the article because it discusses implications of human cognition during and after Howiesons Poort. Using the “during” sections, I will use this in an “interpretations” or “implications” section, which will probably be put near the “symbolism” section.

• Reynard, J. P., Discamps, E., Wurz, S., van Niekerk, K. L., Badenhorst, S., & Henshilwood, C. S. (2016). Occupational intensity and environmental changes during the Howiesons Poort at Klipdrift Shelter, southern Cape, South Africa. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 449, 349-364.
  • This paper comes from a peer reviewed journal. The authors discuss proposed environmental shifts accompanied by shifts in lithic assemblages, faunal remains, and paleoenvironmental evidence. I am going to use this paper in an “environment” or “environmental context” section. It also may provide some evidence for the “foraging and diet” section. I think I should put environment towards the beginning of the article, maybe right after “history of discoveries”.

• Soriano, S., Villa, P., & Wadley, L. (2007). Blade technology and tool forms in the Middle Stone Age of South Africa: the Howiesons Poort and post-Howiesons Poort at rose Cottage Cave. Journal of Archaeological Science, 34(5), 681-703.
  • This paper comes from a peer reviewed journal. It discusses the findings at Rose Cottage Cave, so I will use it for both technology (when discussing what materials are associated with Howiesons Poort) and my summary on Rose Cottage Cave. It also discusses symbolic connotations and implications of the expansion of African populations to other regions, so I will use it in symbolism and interpretations sections.

• Tribolo, C., Mercier, N., Valladas, H., Joron, J. L., Guibert, P., Lefrais, Y., ... & Lenoble, A. (2009). Thermoluminescence dating of a Stillbay–Howiesons Poort sequence at Diepkloof Rock Shelter (Western Cape, South Africa). Journal of Archaeological Science, 36(3), 730-739.
  • This paper comes from a peer reviewed journal. It discusses Diepkloof Rock Shelter, so I will include it when I give overviews of notable sites (at the end of the article). It discusses how thermoluminescence has pushed back the dates of Howiesons Poort at Diepkloof by 10-15,000 years. I will include this in the dating controversies/debates subsection within the dating section.

• Will, M., & Conard, N. J. (2020). Regional patterns of diachronic technological change in the Howiesons Poort of southern Africa. Plos one, 15(9), e0239195.
  • This paper comes from a peer reviewed journal. It is also a recent publication, which is needed as all of the references currently in the article are relatively older. The authors discuss changes in frequencies of different tools in different regions over time and the ecological theories for these shifts. This will allow me to make a section right after “technology” called “technological shifts”, which will help bridge the gap between the more “evidence” based section of the article and the later more interpretive sections such as “symbolism”.

• Wurz, S. (1999). The Howiesons Poort backed artefacts from Klasies River: an argument for symbolic behaviour. The South African Archaeological Bulletin, 38-50.
  • This paper comes from a peer reviewed journal. It discusses evidence of symbolic behavior based on Howiesons Poort materials at Klasies River. I will use this paper when giving an overview of Klasies River (“notable sites” section towards the end of my article; as I’ve mentioned, this will also include Rose Cottage, Howiesons Poort Rock Shelter, Sibudu, and Diepkloof Rock Shelter), and I will also use it for evidence in the “symbolism” section.