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Signum Biosciences, Inc. is a biotechnology company in Monmouth Junction, NJ.[1] The company has developed drugs and dietary supplements targeted at dermatological conditions and neurodegenerative disorders. Signum agreed in 2019 to stop making certain claims about its EHT supplement, and to stop allowing its multi-level marketing partner firm Neora (formerly Nerium International) to make such claims.
History
editSignum was founded in 2003 based on research done in the lab of Jeffry B. Stock, a professor at Princeton University, on compounds that can modulate protein phosphatase 2 (PP2).[2][3] Gregory Stock, Stock's brother, served as the first CEO.[4]
In 2008 Signum partnered with Rohto Pharmaceutical Co. of Japan to commercialize Signum's product, n-acetyl-s-farnsylcysteine (Arazine); that product was launched in Japan in 2010.[5]
In 2011 Signum partnered with GlaxoSmithKline to develop drugs screened against PP2 for neurodegenerative diseases.[citation needed]
In 2011 Signum spun out a dermatology company, originally called Argyle Therapeutics[6][7] but after 2012 called Signum Dermalogix.[2] In 2012 Argyle licensed one of its compounds, SIG990, to Brickell Biotech for development as a drug to treat rosacea.[7]
Neora (Nerium) partnership and FTC injunction
editIn 2015 Signum partnered with Neora, LLC (then known as Nerium International) to launch a dietary supplement called eicosanoyl-5-hydroxytryptamide (EHT).[8] EHT is derived from coffee and inhibits demethylation of the enzyme protein phosphatase 2 (PPP2CA; PP2A).[9] EHT has shown neuroprotective effects in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease[10][11] and a rat model of Alzheimer's disease.[12]
In October 2019 the Federal Trade Commission won a permanent injunction against Signum BioSciences, Signum Nutralogix, and affiliated companies including Neora. The injunction prohibits claims or representations of EHT's efficacy in treating or mitigating Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, or brain injury including CTE and concussion, unless those claims are backed up by randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled human clinical testing.[13][14]
References
edit- ^ "Signum profile at Bloomerberg". bloomberg.com. Retrieved April 10, 2015.
- ^ a b "About – Signum Dermalogix". signumdermalogix.com. Archived from the original on March 27, 2020. Retrieved April 10, 2015.
- ^ "Jeffry B. Stock | Department of Molecular Biology". molbio.princeton.edu. Archived from the original on March 27, 2020. Retrieved March 27, 2020.
{{cite web}}:|archive-date=/|archive-url=timestamp mismatch; March 24, 2020 suggested (help) - ^ Gregory Stock. "Where are the New Therapeutics?". gregorystock.net. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved April 10, 2015.
- ^ "Press release: Signum Biosciences, Inc. Announces Commercial Launch Of Arazine". July 12, 2010. Archived from the original on April 15, 2015.
- ^ "Self-reported Success Stories | NIH SBIR/STTR". sbir.nih.gov. April 20, 2012. Archived from the original on March 27, 2020. Retrieved March 27, 2020.
- ^ a b "Press release: Argyle Therapeutics Out-Licenses SIG990 to Brickell Biotech for Topical Treatment of Rosacea". prnewswire.com. April 17, 2012. Archived from the original on March 27, 2020. Retrieved March 27, 2020.
{{cite web}}:|archive-date=/|archive-url=timestamp mismatch; January 26, 2017 suggested (help) - ^ "Nerium Press Release: Nerium International Introduces New, Advanced Anti-Aging Product Focused on Optimal Brain Health". April 10, 2015. Archived from the original on May 11, 2019. Retrieved March 27, 2020.
- ^ Haas, M. J. (May 26, 2011). "Extracting PD therapy from coffee". SciBX. 2011 (590). Archived from the original on March 27, 2020. Retrieved March 27, 2020.
- ^ Heneberg, Petr (July 29, 2013). "Chapter 7 - Protein Phosphatases in Parkinson's Disease". In Martinez, Ana; Gil, Carmen (eds.). Emerging Drugs and Targets for Parkinson’s Disease. Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 162. ISBN 978-1-84973-617-6. Archived from the original on March 27, 2020.
Activation of Balpha containing PP2A was reached by inhibiting PP2A demethylation mediated by eicosanoyl-5-hydrotytryptamide (EHT). EHT administration to alpha-synuclein transgenic mice reduced alpa-synuclein Ser129 phosphorylation, its subsequent aggregation, and ameliorated the associated neuropathology and behavioral aberrations. EHT action on PP2A is mediated by its antagonistic effect on PME. reported to occur at IC50 3.9µM.
- ^ Taymans, Jean-Marc; Baekelandt, Veerle (November 7, 2014). "Phosphatases of α-Synuclein, LRRK2, and Tau: Important Players in the Phosphorylation-Dependent Pathology of Parkinsonism". Frontiers in Genetics. 5 (382). doi:10.3389/fgene.2014.00382. PMC 4224088. PMID 25426138.
P2A enzymes have the particularity that their enzymatic activity is positively regulated by its methylation which is itself regulated via the opposing activities of a PP2A-specific methyltransferase and a PP2A-specific methylesterase (PME). Accordingly, treatment of mice with the PME inhibitor eicosanoyl-5-hydroxytryptamide (EHT) increases PP2A methylation as well as decreased α-syn-pS129 levels in brain and a concurrent reduction in synuclein pathology
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Basurto-Islas, G; Blanchard, J; Tung, YC; Fernandez, JR; Voronkov, M; Stock, M; Zhang, S; Stock, JB; Iqbal, K (December 2014). "Therapeutic benefits of a component of coffee in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease". Neurobiol Aging. 35 (12): 2701–2712. doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.06.012. PMC 4254318. PMID 25034344.
- ^ DiFurio, Dom (November 1, 2019). "FTC sues Addison-based Neora for allegedly operating pyramid scheme, pushing concussion treatment". dallasnews.com. Archived from the original on March 27, 2020. Retrieved March 27, 2020.
- ^ Notopoulos, Katie (November 6, 2019). "The FTC Said This Skincare Line Is A Pyramid Scheme". buzzfeednews.com. Archived from the original on March 27, 2020. Retrieved March 27, 2020.
Category:Biotechnology companies of the United States]] Category:2003 establishments in New Jersey]] Category:Multi-level marketing products]] Category:Federal Trade Commission litigation]]